Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Essa, Township (TP)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	22,970	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	21,083	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.0	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,232	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,949	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	82.1	...	...	82.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	279.92	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	22,970	11,645	11,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,630	2,380	2,245	20.2	20.4	19.8
0 to 4 years	1,460	760	695	6.4	6.5	6.1
5 to 9 years	1,615	820	795	7.0	7.0	7.0
10 to 14 years	1,555	795	755	6.8	6.8	6.7
15 to 64 years	15,615	7,925	7,690	68.0	68.1	67.9
15 to 19 years	1,340	700	650	5.8	6.0	5.7
20 to 24 years	1,215	645	575	5.3	5.5	5.1
25 to 29 years	1,465	730	735	6.4	6.3	6.5
30 to 34 years	1,825	920	905	7.9	7.9	8.0
35 to 39 years	1,915	955	960	8.3	8.2	8.5
40 to 44 years	1,550	795	755	6.7	6.8	6.7
45 to 49 years	1,540	775	765	6.7	6.7	6.8
50 to 54 years	1,560	805	760	6.8	6.9	6.7
55 to 59 years	1,795	915	880	7.8	7.9	7.8
60 to 64 years	1,410	695	715	6.1	6.0	6.3
65 years and over	2,725	1,340	1,390	11.9	11.5	12.3
65 to 69 years	1,015	505	510	4.4	4.3	4.5
70 to 74 years	800	385	420	3.5	3.3	3.7
75 to 79 years	480	245	235	2.1	2.1	2.1
80 to 84 years	250	125	125	1.1	1.1	1.1
85 years and over	180	80	100	0.8	0.7	0.9
85 to 89 years	125	55	70	0.5	0.5	0.6
90 to 94 years	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
95 to 99 years	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.2	20.4	19.8	20.2	20.4	19.8
15 to 64 years	68.0	68.1	67.9	68.0	68.1	67.9
65 years and over	11.9	11.5	12.3	11.9	11.5	12.3
85 years and over	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.9
Average age of the population	37.9	37.5	38.2	37.9	37.5	38.2
Median age of the population	37.6	37.2	38.0	37.6	37.2	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	6,110	...	...	76.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	795	...	...	10.0	...	...
Row house	470	...	...	5.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	155	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	225	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60	...	...	0.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	115	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,295	...	...	16.3	...	...
2 persons	2,620	...	...	33.0	...	...
3 persons	1,465	...	...	18.4	...	...
4 persons	1,550	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,015	...	...	12.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,790	11,495	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	18,345	9,265	9,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	11,685	5,840	5,840	63.7	63.0	64.3
Married	9,240	4,630	4,610	50.4	50.0	50.8
Living common-law	2,440	1,210	1,230	13.3	13.1	13.5
Living common law - Never married	1,715	845	875	9.3	9.1	9.6
Living common law - Separated	165	95	70	0.9	1.0	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	510	255	260	2.8	2.8	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	45	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	6,660	3,425	3,240	36.3	37.0	35.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,525	2,575	1,955	24.7	27.8	21.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	570	265	305	3.1	2.9	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	905	420	490	4.9	4.5	5.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	660	170	490	3.6	1.8	5.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,950	...	...	43.9	...	...
3 persons	1,580	...	...	23.5	...	...
4 persons	1,540	...	...	22.9	...	...
5 or more persons	645	...	...	9.6	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,790	...	...	86.2	...	...
Married couples	4,570	...	...	68.0	...	...
With children⁶	2,765	...	...	41.1	...	...
Without children	1,805	...	...	26.9	...	...
Common-law couples	1,220	...	...	18.2	...	...
With children⁶	600	...	...	8.9	...	...
Without children	620	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	930	...	...	13.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	655	...	...	9.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	270	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	22,790	11,495	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	20,275	10,170	10,110	89.0	88.5	89.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,580	5,780	5,805	50.8	50.3	51.4
Parents in one-parent families	930	275	660	4.1	2.4	5.8
Children⁶	7,760	4,120	3,645	34.1	35.8	32.3
In a two-parent family	6,270	3,290	2,985	27.5	28.6	26.4
In a one-parent family	1,495	830	665	6.6	7.2	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,515	1,325	1,185	11.0	11.5	10.5
Living alone	1,295	720	570	5.7	6.3	5.0
Living with other relatives⁷	565	240	325	2.5	2.1	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	655	365	290	2.9	3.2	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,570	...	...	70.1	...	...
Couple-family households	4,935	...	...	62.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,885	...	...	36.3	...	...
Without children	2,060	...	...	25.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	630	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	415	...	...	5.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...	1.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	335	...	...	4.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	255	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	1,295	...	...	16.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	18,165	9,120	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,495	8,775	8,720	96.3	96.2	96.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	58,000	38,800	47,200	58,000	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,500	8,780	8,720	96.3	96.3	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,000	35,200	42,000	50,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,855	8,180	7,675	87.3	89.7	84.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	56,800	31,600	43,600	56,800	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,825	7,315	6,510	76.1	80.2	71.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	58,000	34,800	45,600	58,000	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,505	7,605	7,895	85.4	83.4	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	4,000	9,500	7,000	4,000	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,760	695	1,060	9.7	7.6	11.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,480	6,000	5,720	5,480	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,895	2,245	2,650	26.9	24.6	29.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	18,170	9,115	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,510	8,780	8,730	96.4	96.3	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,950	63,400	46,440	54,950	63,400	46,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,520	8,790	8,730	96.4	96.4	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	51,800	40,120	46,000	51,800	40,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,855	8,150	7,705	87.3	89.4	85.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,080	60,700	40,960	51,080	60,700	40,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,820	7,280	6,545	76.1	79.9	72.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,680	59,050	41,400	50,680	59,050	41,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,555	7,645	7,910	85.6	83.9	87.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,770	8,090	11,400	9,770	8,090	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,660	670	990	9.1	7.4	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	6,440	8,460	7,650	6,440	8,460
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,905	2,305	2,600	27.0	25.3	28.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,630	8,190	9,020	8,630	8,190	9,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	18,165	9,120	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,355	4,275	3,080	40.5	46.9	34.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	72,000	58,000	66,500	72,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,300	78,100	61,850	71,300	78,100	61,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,950	2,310	2,640	27.3	25.3	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	27,000	18,200	21,000	27,000	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,960	35,160	25,360	29,960	35,160	25,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	88.8	77.8	84.2	88.8	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	72.8	77.2	66.8	72.8	77.2	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.8	11.1	22.2	15.8	11.1	22.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	2.1	1.3	0.8	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.7	6.8	5.0	3.7	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.4	5.8	4.4	3.4	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	18,165	9,115	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	670	340	335	3.7	3.7	3.7
With total income	17,495	8,780	8,715	96.3	96.3	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,390	510	880	7.9	5.8	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	1,810	725	1,085	10.3	8.3	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	2,255	875	1,380	12.9	10.0	15.8
$30,000 to $39,999	1,895	760	1,140	10.8	8.7	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,910	835	1,075	10.9	9.5	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,690	830	860	9.7	9.5	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,660	975	680	9.5	11.1	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,365	885	485	7.8	10.1	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	975	640	335	5.6	7.3	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	710	480	230	4.1	5.5	2.6
$100,000 and over	1,830	1,265	565	10.5	14.4	6.5
$100,000 to $149,999	1,385	920	465	7.9	10.5	5.3
$150,000 and over	445	345	100	2.5	3.9	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	18,165	9,115	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	665	335	325	3.7	3.7	3.6
With after-tax income	17,500	8,780	8,720	96.3	96.3	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,455	535	915	8.3	6.1	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,890	760	1,135	10.8	8.7	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	2,580	985	1,595	14.7	11.2	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,370	990	1,380	13.5	11.3	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	2,295	1,115	1,175	13.1	12.7	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,140	1,250	895	12.2	14.2	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,740	1,130	610	9.9	12.9	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,120	725	395	6.4	8.3	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	775	475	300	4.4	5.4	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	400	270	135	2.3	3.1	1.5
$100,000 and over	740	545	190	4.2	6.2	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	420	310	110	2.4	3.5	1.3
$125,000 and over	320	235	80	1.8	2.7	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	18,165	9,115	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,340	1,805	2,540	23.9	19.8	28.1
With employment income	13,820	7,310	6,510	76.1	80.2	72.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,610	700	910	11.6	9.6	14.0
$5,000 to $9,999	910	345	565	6.6	4.7	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	1,470	595	880	10.6	8.1	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	1,040	420	625	7.5	5.7	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	1,140	515	630	8.2	7.0	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	1,325	605	715	9.6	8.3	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,165	615	550	8.4	8.4	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,300	800	505	9.4	10.9	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,080	775	305	7.8	10.6	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	785	540	245	5.7	7.4	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	595	395	200	4.3	5.4	3.1
$100,000 and over	1,390	1,010	380	10.1	13.8	5.8
$100,000 to $124,999	795	555	240	5.8	7.6	3.7
$125,000 and over	595	455	140	4.3	6.2	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	18,165	9,120	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,220	8,645	8,575	94.8	94.8	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	57,200	36,800	45,600	57,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,230	8,645	8,585	94.9	94.8	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	49,200	33,200	40,400	49,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,770	8,125	7,645	86.8	89.1	84.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	56,800	33,600	44,000	56,800	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,855	7,315	6,540	76.3	80.2	72.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	58,000	36,000	46,000	58,000	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,510	7,070	7,440	79.9	77.5	82.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,880	690	4,920	1,880	690	4,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,465	595	870	8.1	6.5	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,400	5,880	5,680	5,400	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	18,170	9,115	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,200	8,630	8,575	94.7	94.7	94.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,950	62,350	43,480	52,950	62,350	43,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,220	8,630	8,595	94.8	94.7	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,280	51,120	37,360	44,280	51,120	37,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,750	8,095	7,655	86.7	88.8	84.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,650	61,600	41,120	51,650	61,600	41,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,775	7,245	6,530	75.8	79.5	72.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,900	60,500	42,360	51,900	60,500	42,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,630	7,125	7,510	80.5	78.2	83.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	5,505	7,730	6,650	5,505	7,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,385	615	770	7.6	6.7	8.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,920	6,560	9,020	7,920	6,560	9,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	18,165	9,120	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,305	4,245	3,055	40.2	46.5	33.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	71,500	53,200	64,500	71,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,600	75,800	58,550	68,600	75,800	58,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,670	2,170	2,505	25.7	23.8	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	34,400	24,200	28,400	34,400	24,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,640	43,040	31,080	36,640	43,040	31,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.4	92.8	84.4	89.4	92.8	84.4
Employment income (%)	78.6	81.4	74.2	78.6	81.4	74.2
Government transfers (%)	10.7	7.3	15.6	10.7	7.3	15.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.9	1.2	0.8	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,520	...	...	48,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,400	...	...	133,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,700	...	...	111,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	70	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	140	...	...	1.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	105	...	...	1.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	125	...	...	1.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	165	...	...	2.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	155	...	...	1.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	195	...	...	2.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	405	...	...	5.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	480	...	...	6.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	555	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	510	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	520	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,410	...	...	55.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,340	...	...	16.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,025	...	...	12.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,155	...	...	14.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	890	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	145	...	...	1.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	135	...	...	1.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	145	...	...	1.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	190	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	205	...	...	2.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	260	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	540	...	...	6.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	650	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	660	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	670	...	...	8.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	675	...	...	8.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,490	...	...	43.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,400	...	...	17.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	915	...	...	11.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,180	...	...	14.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,385	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,945	1,090	860	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,800	57,200	41,600	48,800	57,200	41,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	48,800	37,600	42,800	48,800	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,700	...	...	94,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,600	...	...	152,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,500	...	...	127,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...	90,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,960	1,110	855	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,000	56,200	46,500	52,000	56,200	46,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,880	46,500	40,500	43,880	46,500	40,500
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	22,790	11,495	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,435	2,790	2,645	23.8	24.3	23.4
0 to 5 years	1,790	930	860	7.9	8.1	7.6
18 to 64 years	14,630	7,370	7,260	64.2	64.1	64.3
65 years and over	2,725	1,335	1,395	12.0	11.6	12.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,315	620	695	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	355	165	195	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	50	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	680	340	340	...	...	...
65 years and over	280	120	160	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.8	5.4	6.1	5.8	5.4	6.1
0 to 17 years (%)	6.6	5.8	7.3	6.6	5.8	7.3
0 to 5 years (%)	5.3	5.4	5.2	5.3	5.4	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.7
65 years and over (%)	10.2	9.0	11.4	10.2	9.0	11.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	22,790	11,495	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,430	2,790	2,645	23.8	24.3	23.4
0 to 5 years	1,790	930	860	7.9	8.1	7.6
18 to 64 years	14,630	7,370	7,255	64.2	64.1	64.2
65 years and over	2,725	1,330	1,390	12.0	11.6	12.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	350	190	155	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	55	30	25	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	260	140	115	...	...	...
65 years and over	35	20	20	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9
0 to 5 years (%)	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
18 to 64 years (%)	1.8	1.9	1.6	1.8	1.9	1.6
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	22,790	11,495	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	9,395	4,630	4,770	41.2	40.3	42.2
In bottom decile	1,130	565	565	5.0	4.9	5.0
In second decile	1,440	650	790	6.3	5.7	7.0
In third decile	1,990	970	1,020	8.7	8.4	9.0
In fourth decile	2,345	1,155	1,190	10.3	10.0	10.5
In fifth decile	2,495	1,285	1,210	10.9	11.2	10.7
In top half of the distribution	13,390	6,870	6,520	58.8	59.8	57.7
In sixth decile	2,750	1,380	1,370	12.1	12.0	12.1
In seventh decile	2,835	1,470	1,365	12.4	12.8	12.1
In eighth decile	2,895	1,475	1,420	12.7	12.8	12.6
In ninth decile	2,745	1,425	1,325	12.0	12.4	11.7
In top decile	2,165	1,120	1,045	9.5	9.7	9.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	22,790	...	...	22,790	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.362	...	...	0.362	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.243	...	...	0.243	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	22,940	11,610	11,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	20,750	10,570	10,180	90.5	91.0	89.9
French only	95	40	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	2,000	960	1,040	8.7	8.3	9.2
Neither English nor French	90	40	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	22,940	11,610	11,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,845	11,055	10,790	95.2	95.2	95.3
French	940	500	440	4.1	4.3	3.9
English and French	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Neither English nor French	90	40	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	22,940	11,610	11,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,355	11,325	11,025	97.4	97.5	97.4
Official languages	20,310	10,335	9,975	88.5	89.0	88.1
English	19,375	9,845	9,530	84.5	84.8	84.2
French	935	490	440	4.1	4.2	3.9
Non-official languages	2,040	985	1,055	8.9	8.5	9.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,035	980	1,055	8.9	8.4	9.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	20	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	40	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	50	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,580	785	795	6.9	6.8	7.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	460	225	235	2.0	1.9	2.1
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	440	215	230	1.9	1.9	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	170	80	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian	150	75	80	0.7	0.6	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	200	85	115	0.9	0.7	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	110	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
German	110	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	40	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	205	100	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	180	90	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	680	360	320	3.0	3.1	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	185	110	70	0.8	0.9	0.6
Portuguese	230	115	115	1.0	1.0	1.0
Romanian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	245	120	120	1.1	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	25	55	0.3	0.2	0.5
Chinese languages	75	20	55	0.3	0.2	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	585	290	290	2.6	2.5	2.6
English and French	205	95	110	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	335	170	165	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	22,940	11,610	11,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	20,065	10,220	9,850	87.5	88.0	87.0
French	430	205	225	1.9	1.8	2.0
Non-official language	360	170	185	1.6	1.5	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	360	170	185	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and French	495	240	250	2.2	2.1	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,485	730	755	6.5	6.3	6.7
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	22,940	11,610	11,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,515	11,410	11,100	98.1	98.3	98.0
Official languages	21,815	11,075	10,740	95.1	95.4	94.8
English	21,255	10,800	10,455	92.7	93.0	92.3
French	565	275	285	2.5	2.4	2.5
Non-official languages	700	335	360	3.1	2.9	3.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	700	335	360	3.1	2.9	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	515	250	265	2.2	2.2	2.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	200	95	110	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	200	95	110	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	95	40	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	110	50	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	105	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	180	95	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	105	55	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	420	200	220	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	120	50	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	290	145	145	1.3	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	22,935	11,615	11,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	21,220	10,765	10,455	92.5	92.7	92.3
English	375	195	180	1.6	1.7	1.6
French	260	130	130	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-official language	920	445	470	4.0	3.8	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	920	445	470	4.0	3.8	4.2
English and French	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	22,790	11,495	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	22,655	11,410	11,255	99.4	99.3	99.6
English	22,580	11,360	11,225	99.1	98.8	99.4
French	2,075	960	1,115	9.1	8.4	9.9
Non-official languages	3,065	1,485	1,580	13.4	12.9	14.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,065	1,485	1,580	13.4	12.9	14.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	70	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	65	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	40	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	35	75	0.5	0.3	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	30	65	0.4	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	50	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	30	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,395	1,185	1,215	10.5	10.3	10.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	585	265	325	2.6	2.3	2.9
Baltic languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latvian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	540	235	305	2.4	2.0	2.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	205	100	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	220	100	120	1.0	0.9	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	365	155	210	1.6	1.3	1.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	255	115	140	1.1	1.0	1.2
German	245	115	135	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	55	75	0.5	0.5	0.7
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	90	40	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	260	115	145	1.1	1.0	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	255	110	145	1.1	1.0	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	115	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,200	655	545	5.3	5.7	4.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	360	200	160	1.6	1.7	1.4
Portuguese	320	170	150	1.4	1.5	1.3
Romanian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	555	310	245	2.4	2.7	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	70	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Chinese languages	90	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,790	11,495	11,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	800	440	360	3.5	3.8	3.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	715	400	320	3.1	3.5	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	375	215	160	1.6	1.9	1.4
Métis	335	180	150	1.5	1.6	1.3
Inuk (Inuit)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	21,985	11,055	10,935	96.5	96.2	96.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,790	11,495	11,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	210	90	110	0.9	0.8	1.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	22,585	11,405	11,180	99.1	99.2	99.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,410	...	...	80.6	...	...
Renter	1,540	...	...	19.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	70	...	...	0.9	...	...
Not condominium	7,875	...	...	99.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	205	...	...	2.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,050	...	...	13.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,785	...	...	47.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,885	...	...	36.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	905	...	...	11.4	...	...
5 rooms	1,140	...	...	14.3	...	...
6 rooms	1,490	...	...	18.7	...	...
7 rooms	1,230	...	...	15.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,190	...	...	40.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.2	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,850	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	95	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	7,670	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	280	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,345	...	...	16.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,535	...	...	19.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,155	...	...	14.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,065	...	...	13.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	435	...	...	5.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	800	...	...	10.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	790	...	...	9.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	830	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,450	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	495	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,225	...	...	40.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,315	...	...	54.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	405	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,270	...	...	16.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,725	...	...	21.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,615	...	...	20.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,785	...	...	22.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	970	...	...	12.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	405	...	...	5.1	...	...
85 years and over	130	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,515	...	...	83.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,300	...	...	16.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,185	...	...	15.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,915	...	...	24.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,170	...	...	14.7	...	...
Not suitable only	230	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	360	...	...	4.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,035	...	...	76.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,700	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	220	...	...	2.9	...	...
Not in core need	7,480	...	...	97.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,300	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	71.7	...	...	71.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.8	...	...	15.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,706	...	...	1,706	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	751,000	...	...	751,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,535	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.3	...	...	15.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.6	...	...	19.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	1,280	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	22,785	11,495	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	250	125	130	1.1	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	250	125	130	1.1	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	195	95	105	0.9	0.8	0.9
Métis single ancestry	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	935	505	425	4.1	4.4	3.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	925	505	415	4.1	4.4	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	660	345	315	2.9	3.0	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	260	160	105	1.1	1.4	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	21,600	10,865	10,740	94.8	94.5	95.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	22,785	11,495	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	22,125	11,185	10,940	97.1	97.3	96.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,355	2,765	2,585	23.5	24.1	22.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	16,770	8,420	8,355	73.6	73.2	74.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	665	310	350	2.9	2.7	3.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	22,785	11,495	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	20,005	10,175	9,830	87.8	88.5	87.0
Immigrants⁸¹	2,680	1,235	1,450	11.8	10.7	12.8
Before 1980	765	385	380	3.4	3.3	3.4
1980 to 1990	415	205	215	1.8	1.8	1.9
1991 to 2000	550	260	290	2.4	2.3	2.6
2001 to 2010	505	215	290	2.2	1.9	2.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	445	175	270	2.0	1.5	2.4
2011 to 2015	230	90	140	1.0	0.8	1.2
2016 to 2021	220	85	130	1.0	0.7	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	85	20	0.4	0.7	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,685	1,235	1,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	335	130	205	12.5	10.5	14.1
5 to 14 years	685	350	335	25.5	28.3	23.1
15 to 24 years	590	290	305	22.0	23.5	21.0
25 to 44 years	935	425	505	34.8	34.4	34.8
45 years and over	135	40	90	5.0	3.2	6.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,685	1,235	1,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	590	280	315	22.0	22.7	21.7
Brazil	25	10	10	0.9	0.8	0.7
Colombia	50	30	15	1.9	2.4	1.0
El Salvador	25	15	10	0.9	1.2	0.7
Guyana	50	30	25	1.9	2.4	1.7
Haiti	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Jamaica	115	60	55	4.3	4.9	3.8
Mexico	30	10	20	1.1	0.8	1.4
Peru	20	10	10	0.7	0.8	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	45	15	25	1.7	1.2	1.7
United States of America	105	15	90	3.9	1.2	6.2
Other places of birth in Americas	115	70	45	4.3	5.7	3.1
Europe	1,310	625	690	48.8	50.6	47.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.7
France	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.7
Germany	115	45	70	4.3	3.6	4.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	10	0.4	0.8	0.7
Italy	105	55	50	3.9	4.5	3.4
Netherlands	65	30	35	2.4	2.4	2.4
Poland	155	75	80	5.8	6.1	5.5
Portugal	125	75	45	4.7	6.1	3.1
Romania	30	15	20	1.1	1.2	1.4
Russian Federation	60	35	30	2.2	2.8	2.1
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.0
Ukraine	60	25	30	2.2	2.0	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	385	180	205	14.3	14.6	14.1
Other places of birth in Europe	140	75	65	5.2	6.1	4.5
Africa	150	70	85	5.6	5.7	5.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	45	30	20	1.7	2.4	1.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	85	40	50	3.2	3.2	3.4
Asia	610	255	355	22.7	20.6	24.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	60	35	30	2.2	2.8	2.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	0	25	1.1	0.0	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	1.1	1.2	1.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	110	20	85	4.1	1.6	5.9
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.9	0.8	1.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	135	80	60	5.0	6.5	4.1
Pakistan	75	35	40	2.8	2.8	2.8
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	75	30	50	2.8	2.4	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	220	85	130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	35	15	25	15.9	17.6	19.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	4.5	0.0	7.7
Mexico	15	0	15	6.8	0.0	11.5
United States of America	10	0	10	4.5	0.0	7.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	55	20	30	25.0	23.5	23.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	4.5	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	15	9.1	11.8	11.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	10	10	9.1	11.8	7.7
Africa	25	15	15	11.4	17.6	11.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	0	6.8	11.8	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	95	40	60	43.2	47.1	46.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	15	15.9	23.5	11.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	4.5	0.0	7.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	6.8	0.0	11.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	22,790	11,495	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,950	1,395	1,555	12.9	12.1	13.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,305	2,150	2,155	18.9	18.7	19.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,535	7,950	7,580	68.2	69.2	67.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,920	855	1,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	830	405	425	43.2	47.4	39.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	285	180	105	14.8	21.1	9.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	550	230	320	28.6	26.9	30.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	735	280	455	38.3	32.7	42.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	350	165	185	18.2	19.3	17.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,920	855	1,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	165	75	90	8.6	8.8	8.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	235	120	120	12.2	14.0	11.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	30	10	1.8	3.5	0.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	80	35	45	4.2	4.1	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	0.5	1.2	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,390	590	800	72.4	69.0	75.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	22,790	11,495	11,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,240	1,105	1,135	9.8	9.6	10.1
South Asian	420	210	210	1.8	1.8	1.9
Chinese	105	35	70	0.5	0.3	0.6
Black	700	365	335	3.1	3.2	3.0
Filipino	165	55	105	0.7	0.5	0.9
Arab	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Latin American	345	210	135	1.5	1.8	1.2
Southeast Asian	120	50	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
West Asian	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	100	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	90	60	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	20,545	10,390	10,160	90.1	90.4	90.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	22,790	11,495	11,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,775	2,440	2,335	21.0	21.2	20.7
English	5,555	2,770	2,790	24.4	24.1	24.7
Irish	4,640	2,260	2,375	20.4	19.7	21.0
Scottish	4,650	2,340	2,315	20.4	20.4	20.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,155	1,120	1,030	9.5	9.7	9.1
German	2,185	1,080	1,115	9.6	9.4	9.9
Chinese	200	75	125	0.9	0.7	1.1
Italian	1,630	860	770	7.2	7.5	6.8
Indian (India)	245	130	120	1.1	1.1	1.1
Ukrainian	655	270	385	2.9	2.3	3.4
Dutch	1,180	610	565	5.2	5.3	5.0
Polish	855	475	380	3.8	4.1	3.4
Québécois	130	75	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	970	525	445	4.3	4.6	3.9
Filipino	140	50	90	0.6	0.4	0.8
French Canadian	335	165	170	1.5	1.4	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	770	340	430	3.4	3.0	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	365	205	155	1.6	1.8	1.4
Métis	310	185	130	1.4	1.6	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	595	305	295	2.6	2.7	2.6
Russian	275	115	160	1.2	1.0	1.4
Norwegian	105	55	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
Welsh	465	210	255	2.0	1.8	2.3
Portuguese	610	315	295	2.7	2.7	2.6
American	200	100	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	210	115	95	0.9	1.0	0.8
Swedish	100	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hungarian	295	140	155	1.3	1.2	1.4
Acadian	105	45	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pakistani	65	40	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	65	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	105	70	30	0.5	0.6	0.3
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Greek	185	75	110	0.8	0.7	1.0
Jamaican	245	135	110	1.1	1.2	1.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	85	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	70	15	50	0.3	0.1	0.4
Lebanese	60	45	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	115	30	90	0.5	0.3	0.8
Danish	100	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	135	65	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	205	80	115	0.9	0.7	1.0
Belgian	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexican	100	75	20	0.4	0.7	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	60	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Finnish	145	55	85	0.6	0.5	0.8
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	65	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	55	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	55	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	105	65	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Serbian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ojibway	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Newfoundlander	95	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ontarian	190	95	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Turkish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	35	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Armenian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	65	40	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	75	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Lithuanian	70	15	55	0.3	0.1	0.5
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	55	30	35	0.2	0.3	0.3
Peruvian	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	95	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Macedonian	60	40	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slovenian	90	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	70	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Barbadian	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
African American	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Argentinian	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	80	25	55	0.4	0.2	0.5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	22,790	11,495	11,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	50	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Christian	12,295	6,015	6,280	53.9	52.3	55.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,905	960	950	8.4	8.4	8.4
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,175	515	665	5.2	4.5	5.9
Baptist	375	205	170	1.6	1.8	1.5
Catholic	5,845	2,925	2,920	25.6	25.4	25.9
Christian Orthodox	175	95	85	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	105	45	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	190	90	100	0.8	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	580	280	300	2.5	2.4	2.7
Reformed	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
United Church	1,210	565	645	5.3	4.9	5.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	555	260	295	2.4	2.3	2.6
Hindu	180	90	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jewish	90	40	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Muslim	175	85	100	0.8	0.7	0.9
Sikh	65	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	105	40	65	0.5	0.3	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	9,805	5,175	4,630	43.0	45.0	41.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	22,535	11,370	11,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	19,530	9,900	9,630	86.7	87.1	86.3
Movers	3,005	1,475	1,530	13.3	13.0	13.7
Non-migrants	765	375	395	3.4	3.3	3.5
Migrants	2,240	1,105	1,140	9.9	9.7	10.2
Internal migrants	2,200	1,070	1,120	9.8	9.4	10.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,925	955	970	8.5	8.4	8.7
Interprovincial migrants	270	120	145	1.2	1.1	1.3
External migrants	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	21,305	10,745	10,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	11,385	5,785	5,590	53.4	53.8	52.9
Movers	9,925	4,955	4,965	46.6	46.1	47.0
Non-migrants	1,390	695	695	6.5	6.5	6.6
Migrants	8,530	4,260	4,270	40.0	39.6	40.4
Internal migrants	8,375	4,195	4,180	39.3	39.0	39.6
Intraprovincial migrants	7,080	3,520	3,565	33.2	32.8	33.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,290	680	615	6.1	6.3	5.8
External migrants	155	65	95	0.7	0.6	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,165	9,120	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,300	1,960	1,345	18.2	21.5	14.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,865	7,160	7,705	81.8	78.5	85.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,020	6,535	6,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,605	1,035	570	12.3	15.8	8.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,415	5,505	5,910	87.7	84.2	91.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,165	9,115	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,850	1,620	1,230	15.7	17.8	13.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,300	3,275	3,025	34.7	35.9	33.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,020	4,225	4,795	49.7	46.4	53.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,255	3,160	3,100	34.4	34.7	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,500	1,220	285	8.3	13.4	3.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	655	455	200	3.6	5.0	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	845	760	85	4.7	8.3	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,455	1,790	2,660	24.5	19.6	29.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310	155	155	1.7	1.7	1.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,760	1,065	1,695	15.2	11.7	18.7
Bachelor's degree	2,015	745	1,270	11.1	8.2	14.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	180	60	120	1.0	0.7	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	490	225	270	2.7	2.5	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,020	6,540	6,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,305	810	495	10.0	12.4	7.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,255	2,290	1,960	32.7	35.0	30.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,460	3,435	4,025	57.3	52.5	62.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,145	2,570	2,580	39.5	39.3	39.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,170	955	215	9.0	14.6	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	495	340	155	3.8	5.2	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	670	610	60	5.1	9.3	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,720	1,500	2,225	28.6	22.9	34.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	255	115	140	2.0	1.8	2.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,315	865	1,450	17.8	13.2	22.4
Bachelor's degree	1,685	610	1,075	12.9	9.3	16.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	145	45	95	1.1	0.7	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	425	190	240	3.3	2.9	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,165	9,115	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,145	4,895	4,255	50.3	53.7	47.0
Education	460	85	375	2.5	0.9	4.1
13. Education	460	85	375	2.5	0.9	4.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	270	120	155	1.5	1.3	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	230	90	140	1.3	1.0	1.5
Humanities	335	115	220	1.8	1.3	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	80	15	65	0.4	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	110	50	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,090	235	860	6.0	2.6	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	95	40	50	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	300	15	280	1.7	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	180	15	165	1.0	0.2	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	175	35	145	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	300	125	180	1.7	1.4	2.0
Business, management and public administration	1,670	565	1,100	9.2	6.2	12.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	135	30	100	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,535	535	1,000	8.5	5.9	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	320	130	190	1.8	1.4	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120	40	80	0.7	0.4	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	35	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	65	50	10	0.4	0.5	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.4
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	190	110	85	1.0	1.2	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	145	90	55	0.8	1.0	0.6
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,120	1,990	125	11.7	21.8	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	45	35	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
14. Engineering	225	205	30	1.2	2.2	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	490	435	50	2.7	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	505	490	15	2.8	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	585	570	15	3.2	6.3	0.2
48. Precision production	275	260	10	1.5	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	300	145	160	1.7	1.6	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	230	115	115	1.3	1.3	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	30	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Health and related fields	1,345	180	1,165	7.4	2.0	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	180	75	110	1.0	0.8	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,155	105	1,055	6.4	1.2	11.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	915	555	360	5.0	6.1	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	360	145	220	2.0	1.6	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
43. Security and protective services	355	230	125	2.0	2.5	1.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	150	130	20	0.8	1.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,015	6,540	6,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,560	3,105	2,460	42.7	47.5	38.0
Education	400	75	320	3.1	1.1	4.9
13. Education	400	75	320	3.1	1.1	4.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	200	85	120	1.5	1.3	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	175	65	110	1.3	1.0	1.7
Humanities	260	70	190	2.0	1.1	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	70	10	60	0.5	0.2	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	75	25	45	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	65	25	45	0.5	0.4	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	900	180	715	6.9	2.8	11.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	35	50	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	250	15	240	1.9	0.2	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	165	15	150	1.3	0.2	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	130	25	105	1.0	0.4	1.6
45. Social sciences	230	90	140	1.8	1.4	2.2
Business, management and public administration	1,425	465	955	10.9	7.1	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	120	25	95	0.9	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,305	440	860	10.0	6.7	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	245	100	145	1.9	1.5	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	30	70	0.8	0.5	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	75	25	45	0.6	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	50	35	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	170	100	70	1.3	1.5	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	135	85	50	1.0	1.3	0.8
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,710	1,610	100	13.1	24.6	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	40	30	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	195	175	20	1.5	2.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	385	350	40	3.0	5.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	425	415	10	3.3	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	445	425	15	3.4	6.5	0.2
48. Precision production	220	215	10	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	260	110	155	2.0	1.7	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	195	80	115	1.5	1.2	1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	20	40	0.5	0.3	0.6
Health and related fields	1,105	145	955	8.5	2.2	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	50	100	1.1	0.8	1.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	955	95	860	7.3	1.5	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	780	490	290	6.0	7.5	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	285	110	175	2.2	1.7	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
43. Security and protective services	320	230	100	2.5	3.5	1.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	125	105	15	1.0	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	13,015	6,540	6,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,560	3,105	2,460	42.7	47.5	38.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,455	3,435	4,020	57.3	52.5	62.0
Location of study inside Canada	6,810	3,145	3,665	52.3	48.1	56.6
Same as province or territory of residence	6,060	2,810	3,250	46.6	43.0	50.2
Different than province or territory of residence	750	340	415	5.8	5.2	6.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	650	295	360	5.0	4.5	5.6
Americas	195	95	100	1.5	1.5	1.5
United States of America	135	70	65	1.0	1.1	1.0
Mexico	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	205	90	115	1.6	1.4	1.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Romania	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Russian Federation	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	15	35	0.4	0.2	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	45	35	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Nigeria	25	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Asia	160	65	90	1.2	1.0	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Philippines	45	10	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Oceania	45	10	40	0.3	0.2	0.6
Australia	45	10	40	0.3	0.2	0.6
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	18,165	9,115	9,050	...	...	...
In the labour force	12,805	6,880	5,920	...	...	...
Employed	11,435	6,275	5,155	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,370	605	765	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	5,360	2,240	3,125	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.5	75.5	65.4	70.5	75.5	65.4
Employment rate	63.0	68.8	57.0	63.0	68.8	57.0
Unemployment rate	10.7	8.8	12.9	10.7	8.8	12.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	18,165	9,115	9,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,485	2,345	3,145	30.2	25.7	34.8
Worked	12,680	6,775	5,905	69.8	74.3	65.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,485	4,365	3,125	41.2	47.9	34.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,190	2,410	2,780	28.6	26.4	30.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.9	41.1	42.6	43.9	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,805	6,880	5,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	300	155	145	2.3	2.3	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	12,505	6,725	5,785	97.7	97.7	97.6
Employee	10,880	5,735	5,150	85.0	83.4	86.9
Permanent position	9,360	5,040	4,320	73.1	73.3	72.9
Temporary position	1,520	690	830	11.9	10.0	14.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	590	270	320	4.6	3.9	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	930	420	510	7.3	6.1	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,620	990	635	12.7	14.4	10.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,805	6,880	5,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	300	155	145	2.3	2.3	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	12,505	6,725	5,785	97.7	97.7	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	105	90	10	0.8	1.3	0.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,945	470	1,475	15.2	6.8	24.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	555	445	115	4.3	6.5	1.9
3 Health occupations	740	100	640	5.8	1.5	10.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,825	885	935	14.3	12.9	15.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	235	95	135	1.8	1.4	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	2,905	1,095	1,805	22.7	15.9	30.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,815	2,535	285	22.0	36.8	4.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	440	345	95	3.4	5.0	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	945	660	290	7.4	9.6	4.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,805	6,880	5,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	300	155	145	2.3	2.3	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	12,505	6,725	5,785	97.7	97.7	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	345	240	100	2.7	3.5	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
22 Utilities	60	40	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
23 Construction	1,450	1,275	175	11.3	18.5	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,610	1,110	500	12.6	16.1	8.4
41 Wholesale trade	385	235	145	3.0	3.4	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	1,275	530	745	10.0	7.7	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	550	355	200	4.3	5.2	3.4
51 Information and cultural industries	130	80	50	1.0	1.2	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	300	85	220	2.3	1.2	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	205	90	110	1.6	1.3	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	540	240	305	4.2	3.5	5.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	590	340	250	4.6	4.9	4.2
61 Educational services	725	175	550	5.7	2.5	9.3
62 Health care and social assistance	1,080	115	965	8.4	1.7	16.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	210	110	105	1.6	1.6	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	625	240	385	4.9	3.5	6.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	505	270	235	3.9	3.9	4.0
91 Public administration	1,880	1,175	705	14.7	17.1	11.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	13,410	7,105	6,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,645	6,695	5,945	94.3	94.2	94.3
French	55	10	40	0.4	0.1	0.6
Non-official language	80	65	20	0.6	0.9	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	65	20	0.6	0.9	0.3
English and French	465	260	205	3.5	3.7	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	145	70	75	1.1	1.0	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	13,410	7,105	6,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	13,320	7,055	6,265	99.3	99.3	99.4
Official languages	13,220	6,985	6,235	98.6	98.3	98.9
English	13,135	6,960	6,175	97.9	98.0	97.9
French	85	20	60	0.6	0.3	1.0
Non-official languages	100	70	30	0.7	1.0	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	100	70	30	0.7	1.0	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	80	60	15	0.6	0.8	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	55	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	55	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	90	45	45	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and French	75	40	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	13,410	7,105	6,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	12,855	6,825	6,035	95.9	96.1	95.7
English	35	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	380	215	165	2.8	3.0	2.6
Non-official language	105	40	60	0.8	0.6	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	40	55	0.7	0.6	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,435	6,280	5,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,080	925	1,155	18.2	14.7	22.4
Worked outside Canada	35	20	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	1,755	1,320	440	15.3	21.0	8.5
Usual place of work	7,560	4,010	3,550	66.1	63.9	68.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,560	4,010	3,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,245	1,240	1,000	29.7	30.9	28.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,835	1,845	1,990	50.7	46.0	56.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,475	925	550	19.5	23.1	15.5
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,320	5,330	3,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	8,940	5,155	3,785	95.9	96.7	95.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	8,350	4,860	3,480	89.6	91.2	87.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	595	295	300	6.4	5.5	7.5
Public transit	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Walked	185	95	95	2.0	1.8	2.4
Bicycle	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other method	160	65	100	1.7	1.2	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,320	5,330	3,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,555	1,380	1,170	27.4	25.9	29.4
15 to 29 minutes	3,255	1,670	1,585	34.9	31.3	39.8
30 to 44 minutes	1,195	680	515	12.8	12.8	12.9
45 to 59 minutes	725	445	280	7.8	8.3	7.0
60 minutes and over	1,590	1,150	440	17.1	21.6	11.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,320	5,330	3,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,315	960	350	14.1	18.0	8.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,820	1,170	645	19.5	22.0	16.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,420	1,360	1,060	26.0	25.5	26.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,430	585	840	15.3	11.0	21.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	790	310	485	8.5	5.8	12.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,545	945	605	16.6	17.7	15.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,525	2,835	2,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	790	400	385	14.3	14.1	14.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,735	2,430	2,310	85.7	85.7	85.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,955	2,020	1,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	575	290	285	14.5	14.4	14.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	350	175	175	8.8	8.7	9.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	225	120	110	5.7	5.9	5.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,385	1,725	1,650	85.6	85.4	85.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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