Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Chatham-Kent, Municipality (MU)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	103,988	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	101,647	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,752	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	44,028	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	42.4	...	...	42.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,451.90	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	103,985	51,225	52,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,550	8,535	8,020	15.9	16.7	15.2
0 to 4 years	5,055	2,630	2,425	4.9	5.1	4.6
5 to 9 years	5,640	2,920	2,720	5.4	5.7	5.2
10 to 14 years	5,860	2,985	2,880	5.6	5.8	5.5
15 to 64 years	62,900	31,280	31,615	60.5	61.1	59.9
15 to 19 years	5,790	3,010	2,785	5.6	5.9	5.3
20 to 24 years	5,505	2,815	2,690	5.3	5.5	5.1
25 to 29 years	5,465	2,775	2,695	5.3	5.4	5.1
30 to 34 years	5,610	2,830	2,780	5.4	5.5	5.3
35 to 39 years	5,965	2,895	3,070	5.7	5.7	5.8
40 to 44 years	5,650	2,885	2,765	5.4	5.6	5.2
45 to 49 years	5,780	2,820	2,955	5.6	5.5	5.6
50 to 54 years	6,370	3,150	3,225	6.1	6.1	6.1
55 to 59 years	8,100	3,910	4,190	7.8	7.6	7.9
60 to 64 years	8,660	4,190	4,470	8.3	8.2	8.5
65 years and over	24,535	11,410	13,125	23.6	22.3	24.9
65 to 69 years	7,720	3,800	3,920	7.4	7.4	7.4
70 to 74 years	6,485	3,125	3,365	6.2	6.1	6.4
75 to 79 years	4,425	2,085	2,340	4.3	4.1	4.4
80 to 84 years	2,955	1,310	1,650	2.8	2.6	3.1
85 years and over	2,945	1,095	1,855	2.8	2.1	3.5
85 to 89 years	1,780	725	1,055	1.7	1.4	2.0
90 to 94 years	895	310	580	0.9	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	235	50	180	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.7	15.2	15.9	16.7	15.2
15 to 64 years	60.5	61.1	59.9	60.5	61.1	59.9
65 years and over	23.6	22.3	24.9	23.6	22.3	24.9
85 years and over	2.8	2.1	3.5	2.8	2.1	3.5
Average age of the population	44.3	43.3	45.3	44.3	43.3	45.3
Median age of the population	46.4	44.8	47.6	46.4	44.8	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	33,455	...	...	76.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,445	...	...	3.3	...	...
Row house	1,535	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	730	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,075	...	...	11.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,540	...	...	3.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,355	...	...	30.3	...	...
2 persons	16,785	...	...	38.1	...	...
3 persons	5,865	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	4,835	...	...	11.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,185	...	...	7.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	87,435	42,690	44,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	50,655	25,380	25,280	57.9	59.5	56.5
Married	41,865	20,980	20,880	47.9	49.1	46.7
Living common-law	8,795	4,395	4,395	10.1	10.3	9.8
Living common law - Never married	5,540	2,795	2,745	6.3	6.5	6.1
Living common law - Separated	685	345	340	0.8	0.8	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	2,225	1,140	1,090	2.5	2.7	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	340	120	220	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	36,775	17,310	19,470	42.1	40.5	43.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,815	11,975	9,840	24.9	28.1	22.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,775	1,255	1,525	3.2	2.9	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,875	2,630	3,250	6.7	6.2	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,310	1,450	4,855	7.2	3.4	10.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,995	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,145	...	...	57.2	...	...
3 persons	5,700	...	...	19.0	...	...
4 persons	4,535	...	...	15.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,610	...	...	8.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,835	...	...	82.8	...	...
Married couples	20,440	...	...	68.2	...	...
With children⁶	8,860	...	...	29.5	...	...
Without children	11,580	...	...	38.6	...	...
Common-law couples	4,395	...	...	14.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,910	...	...	6.4	...	...
Without children	2,485	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,160	...	...	17.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,970	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,190	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	83,970	41,740	42,230	82.5	83.1	82.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,670	24,820	24,845	48.8	49.4	48.2
Parents in one-parent families	5,155	1,195	3,965	5.1	2.4	7.7
Children⁶	29,150	15,735	13,415	28.6	31.3	26.0
In a two-parent family	20,990	11,210	9,785	20.6	22.3	19.0
In a one-parent family	8,155	4,525	3,635	8.0	9.0	7.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,795	8,505	9,285	17.5	16.9	18.0
Living alone	13,360	6,170	7,185	13.1	12.3	13.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,740	770	970	1.7	1.5	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	2,695	1,570	1,130	2.6	3.1	2.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,540	...	...	62.6	...	...
Couple-family households	23,335	...	...	53.0	...	...
With children⁶	10,105	...	...	23.0	...	...
Without children	13,225	...	...	30.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,205	...	...	9.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	775	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	945	...	...	2.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,265	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	13,360	...	...	30.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	85,230	41,725	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,015	40,615	42,400	97.4	97.3	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	34,000	38,000	42,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,055	40,645	42,415	97.4	97.4	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	31,800	34,800	38,400	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,195	36,190	36,010	84.7	86.7	82.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	36,800	25,200	30,800	36,800	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,535	30,270	27,265	67.5	72.5	62.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,000	26,600	31,200	36,000	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,215	36,995	39,220	89.4	88.7	90.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,400	9,500	12,600	11,400	9,500	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,510	4,145	4,370	10.0	9.9	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,150	10,440	10,710	24.8	25.0	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	7,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	85,220	41,715	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,045	40,590	42,455	97.4	97.3	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,640	52,500	41,080	46,640	52,500	41,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,105	40,630	42,475	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,200	44,360	36,200	40,200	44,360	36,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	72,100	36,130	35,975	84.6	86.6	82.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,000	47,800	34,160	41,000	47,800	34,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,540	30,240	27,305	67.5	72.5	62.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,840	44,720	34,480	39,840	44,720	34,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,260	36,995	39,270	89.5	88.7	90.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,040	10,910	13,100	12,040	10,910	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,505	4,230	4,280	10.0	10.1	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,260	6,145	6,375	6,260	6,145	6,375
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,235	10,520	10,715	24.9	25.2	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,340	7,930	8,750	8,340	7,930	8,750
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	85,220	41,715	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,845	14,220	10,620	29.2	34.1	24.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	58,400	50,800	54,800	58,400	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,000	67,000	57,600	63,000	67,000	57,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,825	10,660	12,160	26.8	25.6	28.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	21,000	16,400	18,200	21,000	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,560	29,640	21,980	25,560	29,640	21,980
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.4	81.0	70.6	76.4	81.0	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.2	63.5	54.0	59.2	63.5	54.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.7	19.0	29.5	23.7	19.0	29.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.5	6.6	5.5	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.9	5.4	4.6	3.9	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	85,230	41,725	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,215	1,110	1,105	2.6	2.7	2.5
With total income	83,015	40,615	42,400	97.4	97.3	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,470	2,825	3,645	7.8	7.0	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	11,205	4,510	6,700	13.5	11.1	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	13,870	5,890	7,980	16.7	14.5	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	12,110	5,655	6,455	14.6	13.9	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	10,545	5,190	5,355	12.7	12.8	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,110	4,145	3,965	9.8	10.2	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,880	3,240	2,640	7.1	8.0	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,130	2,390	1,735	5.0	5.9	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,860	1,770	1,090	3.4	4.4	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,185	1,285	900	2.6	3.2	2.1
$100,000 and over	5,650	3,720	1,930	6.8	9.2	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,125	2,620	1,505	5.0	6.5	3.5
$150,000 and over	1,525	1,100	430	1.8	2.7	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	85,230	41,725	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,175	1,080	1,095	2.6	2.6	2.5
With after-tax income	83,060	40,640	42,415	97.5	97.4	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,765	2,920	3,850	8.1	7.2	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	11,630	4,710	6,915	14.0	11.6	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	15,770	6,800	8,970	19.0	16.7	21.1
$30,000 to $39,999	14,325	6,975	7,355	17.2	17.2	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,615	5,855	5,760	14.0	14.4	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,230	4,460	3,770	9.9	11.0	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,185	2,980	2,205	6.2	7.3	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,325	1,945	1,375	4.0	4.8	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,395	1,375	1,025	2.9	3.4	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,275	840	435	1.5	2.1	1.0
$100,000 and over	2,545	1,775	765	3.1	4.4	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,395	955	445	1.7	2.3	1.0
$125,000 and over	1,145	825	325	1.4	2.0	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	85,230	41,725	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,690	11,455	16,235	32.5	27.5	37.3
With employment income	57,540	30,270	27,270	67.5	72.5	62.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,890	5,135	4,755	17.2	17.0	17.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,840	2,130	2,715	8.4	7.0	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	7,260	3,250	4,015	12.6	10.7	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,980	2,785	3,195	10.4	9.2	11.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,075	2,975	3,105	10.6	9.8	11.4
$40,000 to $49,999	5,705	2,955	2,755	9.9	9.8	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,430	2,545	1,885	7.7	8.4	6.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,360	2,050	1,310	5.8	6.8	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,495	1,550	945	4.3	5.1	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,820	1,205	615	3.2	4.0	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,795	985	805	3.1	3.3	3.0
$100,000 and over	3,890	2,700	1,185	6.8	8.9	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,115	1,370	745	3.7	4.5	2.7
$125,000 and over	1,775	1,335	440	3.1	4.4	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	85,230	41,725	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,155	40,190	41,965	96.4	96.3	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,800	31,400	36,000	40,800	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,175	40,195	41,975	96.4	96.3	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,800	29,400	33,200	36,800	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,995	36,065	35,935	84.5	86.4	82.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	38,400	26,600	32,400	38,400	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,395	30,570	27,825	68.5	73.3	64.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,200	28,200	32,800	37,200	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,005	35,355	37,645	85.7	84.7	86.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	4,040	9,000	7,400	4,040	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,245	3,530	3,720	8.5	8.5	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,880	5,080	5,000	4,880	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	85,220	41,715	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,245	40,245	41,995	96.5	96.5	96.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,720	55,150	38,600	46,720	55,150	38,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,265	40,255	42,010	96.5	96.5	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,520	45,440	33,840	39,520	45,440	33,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,870	36,045	35,820	84.3	86.4	82.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,080	53,600	34,520	44,080	53,600	34,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,425	30,660	27,765	68.6	73.5	63.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,840	46,600	34,480	40,840	46,600	34,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,180	35,380	37,795	85.9	84.8	86.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,210	8,140	10,200	9,210	8,140	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,525	3,655	3,875	8.8	8.8	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,360	5,680	7,000	6,360	5,680	7,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	85,220	41,715	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,620	14,115	10,505	28.9	33.8	24.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	55,600	46,800	52,000	55,600	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,050	67,900	54,200	62,050	67,900	54,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,970	10,355	11,615	25.8	24.8	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	26,600	19,600	22,000	26,600	19,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	34,440	25,680	29,800	34,440	25,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.4	87.0	76.2	82.4	87.0	76.2
Employment income (%)	62.1	64.4	59.1	62.1	64.4	59.1
Government transfers (%)	17.5	13.0	23.8	17.5	13.0	23.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.7	1.3	0.9	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,025	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...	75,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,640	...	...	44,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,720	...	...	38,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...	106,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	605	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,185	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,900	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,955	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,750	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,035	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,035	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,040	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,885	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,510	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,155	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,935	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,045	...	...	31.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,065	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,230	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,390	...	...	7.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,360	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	330	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	620	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,225	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,995	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,260	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,010	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,315	...	...	5.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,355	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,285	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,365	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,010	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,610	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,025	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,700	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,690	...	...	24.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,690	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,670	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,325	...	...	7.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,820	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,050	7,735	8,315	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	37,200	33,600	35,200	37,200	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,000	31,600	32,800	34,000	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,100	...	...	107,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,100	...	...	92,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,800	...	...	81,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,500	...	...	116,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...	66,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,050	7,745	8,305	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,840	44,600	41,200	42,840	44,600	41,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,360	38,240	36,560	37,360	38,240	36,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,080	10,355	9,725	19.7	20.6	18.9
0 to 5 years	6,205	3,225	2,980	6.1	6.4	5.8
18 to 64 years	58,665	28,995	29,670	57.6	57.7	57.6
65 years and over	23,015	10,900	12,120	22.6	21.7	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,180	5,730	6,450	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,635	1,430	1,205	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	955	515	435	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,525	3,130	3,395	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,020	1,175	1,850	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.0	11.4	12.5	12.0	11.4	12.5
0 to 17 years (%)	13.1	13.8	12.4	13.1	13.8	12.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.4	16.0	14.7	15.4	16.0	14.7
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	10.8	11.5	11.1	10.8	11.5
65 years and over (%)	13.1	10.7	15.3	13.1	10.7	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,085	10,355	9,730	19.7	20.6	18.9
0 to 5 years	6,205	3,225	2,985	6.1	6.4	5.8
18 to 64 years	58,665	28,995	29,665	57.6	57.7	57.6
65 years and over	23,020	10,900	12,115	22.6	21.7	23.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,385	1,830	1,560	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	455	250	205	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	160	85	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,680	1,460	1,215	...	...	...
65 years and over	250	115	140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.6	3.0	3.3	3.6	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.4	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.7	2.4	2.6	2.7	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	5.1	4.1	4.6	5.1	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	58,820	28,515	30,305	57.8	56.7	58.8
In bottom decile	10,150	4,945	5,210	10.0	9.8	10.1
In second decile	12,895	5,955	6,940	12.7	11.9	13.5
In third decile	12,860	6,270	6,585	12.6	12.5	12.8
In fourth decile	12,075	5,935	6,140	11.9	11.8	11.9
In fifth decile	10,835	5,410	5,420	10.6	10.8	10.5
In top half of the distribution	42,945	21,735	21,215	42.2	43.3	41.2
In sixth decile	10,120	5,100	5,020	9.9	10.1	9.7
In seventh decile	9,580	4,835	4,745	9.4	9.6	9.2
In eighth decile	9,210	4,660	4,555	9.1	9.3	8.8
In ninth decile	8,125	4,125	4,000	8.0	8.2	7.8
In top decile	5,915	3,015	2,895	5.8	6.0	5.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	101,765	...	...	101,765	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.310	...	...	0.310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...	0.454	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	102,980	50,875	52,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	95,150	47,355	47,795	92.4	93.1	91.7
French only	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,140	3,190	3,945	6.9	6.3	7.6
Neither English nor French	650	315	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	102,980	50,875	52,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	100,340	49,630	50,710	97.4	97.6	97.3
French	1,915	905	1,015	1.9	1.8	1.9
English and French	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	620	300	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	102,980	50,875	52,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,325	50,085	51,240	98.4	98.4	98.3
Official languages	93,060	46,050	47,010	90.4	90.5	90.2
English	90,895	45,010	45,885	88.3	88.5	88.1
French	2,165	1,040	1,120	2.1	2.0	2.1
Non-official languages	8,265	4,040	4,230	8.0	7.9	8.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,240	4,025	4,220	8.0	7.9	8.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	255	140	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	250	140	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	210	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	170	50	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	40	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,775	3,320	3,455	6.6	6.5	6.6
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	760	335	425	0.7	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	750	335	420	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	385	170	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,770	1,825	1,945	3.7	3.6	3.7
Frisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,645	810	840	1.6	1.6	1.6
German	1,635	805	830	1.6	1.6	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,065	990	1,080	2.0	1.9	2.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	825	385	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	315	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low Saxon	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	815	405	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Vlaams (Flemish)	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	720	380	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	660	355	310	0.6	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,385	700	685	1.3	1.4	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	420	220	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	565	285	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romanian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	325	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese languages	255	135	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,655	790	865	1.6	1.6	1.7
English and French	585	270	320	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	955	470	490	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	102,980	50,875	52,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	94,020	46,540	47,475	91.3	91.5	91.1
French	280	125	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	2,100	1,065	1,035	2.0	2.1	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,095	1,065	1,035	2.0	2.1	2.0
English and French	1,425	635	790	1.4	1.2	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	4,895	2,385	2,510	4.8	4.7	4.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	102,980	50,875	52,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,825	50,310	51,510	98.9	98.9	98.9
Official languages	98,125	48,460	49,665	95.3	95.3	95.3
English	97,700	48,270	49,430	94.9	94.9	94.9
French	425	190	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official languages	3,695	1,850	1,845	3.6	3.6	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,685	1,845	1,840	3.6	3.6	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,875	1,420	1,460	2.8	2.8	2.8
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	220	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	155	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,470	735	740	1.4	1.4	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	745	365	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	740	365	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	720	365	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	485	245	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	615	300	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	580	280	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	270	125	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	515	255	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	155	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,160	565	600	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	950	470	480	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	102,980	50,875	52,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	97,405	48,215	49,190	94.6	94.8	94.4
English	1,480	710	765	1.4	1.4	1.5
French	1,135	500	635	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official language	2,515	1,210	1,310	2.4	2.4	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,415	1,160	1,250	2.3	2.3	2.4
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	150	80	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	195	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	101,160	49,940	51,220	99.4	99.4	99.4
English	101,120	49,930	51,190	99.4	99.4	99.4
French	7,125	3,230	3,900	7.0	6.4	7.6
Non-official languages	10,475	5,185	5,295	10.3	10.3	10.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	150	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algonquian languages	150	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,335	5,110	5,225	10.2	10.2	10.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	400	215	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	400	215	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	360	195	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	295	180	115	0.3	0.4	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	280	175	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	225	65	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	65	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	220	130	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,505	4,200	4,305	8.4	8.4	8.4
Albanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	925	415	505	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	910	415	495	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	495	220	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,335	2,170	2,165	4.3	4.3	4.2
Frisian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
High German languages	2,095	1,080	1,015	2.1	2.1	2.0
German	2,090	1,080	1,010	2.1	2.1	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,580	1,270	1,305	2.5	2.5	2.5
Afrikaans	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	1,010	500	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Low German, n.o.s.	450	235	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Low Saxon	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plautdietsch	945	455	490	0.9	0.9	1.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Scandinavian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	980	505	475	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	925	490	435	0.9	1.0	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	435	235	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	265	150	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,275	1,165	1,105	2.2	2.3	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	510	250	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	810	400	405	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	60	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,015	555	460	1.0	1.1	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,245	2,110	2,130	4.2	4.2	4.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,105	2,050	2,050	4.0	4.1	4.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,330	1,145	1,185	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis	1,755	890	865	1.7	1.8	1.7
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	97,520	48,140	49,380	95.8	95.8	95.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,540	790	750	1.5	1.6	1.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	100,225	49,455	50,770	98.5	98.4	98.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	31,710	...	...	72.0	...	...
Renter	12,320	...	...	28.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,295	...	...	2.9	...	...
Not condominium	42,730	...	...	97.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,005	...	...	9.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,270	...	...	25.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	19,235	...	...	43.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,425	...	...	21.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,295	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 rooms	6,350	...	...	14.4	...	...
6 rooms	7,200	...	...	16.4	...	...
7 rooms	7,310	...	...	16.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,870	...	...	36.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,685	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	340	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	42,505	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,530	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	17,440	...	...	39.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,985	...	...	34.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,985	...	...	9.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,805	...	...	8.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,135	...	...	2.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	990	...	...	2.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	640	...	...	1.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,045	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,850	...	...	92.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,175	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,415	...	...	53.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,585	...	...	44.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,030	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,005	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,795	...	...	10.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,420	...	...	14.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,900	...	...	15.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,820	...	...	22.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,605	...	...	19.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,770	...	...	10.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,705	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,045	...	...	84.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,710	...	...	15.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,240	...	...	14.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,390	...	...	23.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,910	...	...	13.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,180	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,305	...	...	5.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	650	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,640	...	...	76.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,285	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,025	...	...	7.2	...	...
Not in core need	39,260	...	...	92.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,585	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.8	...	...	53.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,048	...	...	1,048	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,400	...	...	376,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,270	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.4	...	...	14.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.7	...	...	30.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.0	...	...	17.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	894	...	...	894	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,735	840	890	1.7	1.7	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,720	835	885	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,375	640	730	1.4	1.3	1.4
Métis single ancestry	325	180	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,940	2,035	1,910	3.9	4.0	3.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,875	1,995	1,885	3.8	4.0	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,765	1,455	1,310	2.7	2.9	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,095	535	560	1.1	1.1	1.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	96,090	47,370	48,720	94.4	94.3	94.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,505	49,105	50,395	97.8	97.7	97.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,960	10,310	9,645	19.6	20.5	18.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,545	38,800	40,750	78.2	77.2	79.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,260	1,145	1,115	2.2	2.3	2.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	91,995	45,545	46,445	90.4	90.6	90.2
Immigrants⁸¹	9,240	4,360	4,880	9.1	8.7	9.5
Before 1980	3,935	1,810	2,135	3.9	3.6	4.1
1980 to 1990	1,245	605	645	1.2	1.2	1.3
1991 to 2000	1,100	520	580	1.1	1.0	1.1
2001 to 2010	1,520	715	805	1.5	1.4	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,435	710	725	1.4	1.4	1.4
2011 to 2015	585	310	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
2016 to 2021	845	405	440	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	530	345	185	0.5	0.7	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,240	4,360	4,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,255	535	715	13.6	12.3	14.7
5 to 14 years	2,235	1,130	1,100	24.2	25.9	22.5
15 to 24 years	2,010	830	1,180	21.8	19.0	24.2
25 to 44 years	3,165	1,575	1,595	34.3	36.1	32.7
45 years and over	575	290	290	6.2	6.7	5.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,240	4,360	4,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,820	1,275	1,545	30.5	29.2	31.7
Brazil	40	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Colombia	55	30	30	0.6	0.7	0.6
El Salvador	55	25	35	0.6	0.6	0.7
Guyana	40	25	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	200	110	90	2.2	2.5	1.8
Mexico	1,300	630	670	14.1	14.4	13.7
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	95	60	30	1.0	1.4	0.6
United States of America	865	310	550	9.4	7.1	11.3
Other places of birth in Americas	160	70	95	1.7	1.6	1.9
Europe	4,330	2,060	2,265	46.9	47.2	46.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatia	30	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.4
France	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Germany	180	85	95	1.9	1.9	1.9
Greece	75	40	35	0.8	0.9	0.7
Hungary	85	35	55	0.9	0.8	1.1
Italy	285	140	145	3.1	3.2	3.0
Netherlands	885	485	405	9.6	11.1	8.3
Poland	325	140	180	3.5	3.2	3.7
Portugal	500	255	250	5.4	5.8	5.1
Romania	70	20	45	0.8	0.5	0.9
Russian Federation	35	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	35	35	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Ukraine	40	10	35	0.4	0.2	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,315	605	705	14.2	13.9	14.4
Other places of birth in Europe	425	175	250	4.6	4.0	5.1
Africa	270	150	125	2.9	3.4	2.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	60	25	35	0.6	0.6	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other places of birth in Africa	135	75	60	1.5	1.7	1.2
Asia	1,775	855	920	19.2	19.6	18.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	50	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.7
Iraq	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Lebanon	95	60	35	1.0	1.4	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	90	35	50	1.0	0.8	1.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	155	75	85	1.7	1.7	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	80	40	35	0.9	0.9	0.7
Taiwan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Philippines	215	60	155	2.3	1.4	3.2
Viet Nam	200	105	95	2.2	2.4	1.9
Bangladesh	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
India	380	200	180	4.1	4.6	3.7
Pakistan	130	80	55	1.4	1.8	1.1
Sri Lanka	55	30	25	0.6	0.7	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	250	120	130	2.7	2.8	2.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	20	25	0.4	0.5	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	845	405	445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	315	160	155	37.3	39.5	34.8
Brazil	15	10	10	1.8	2.5	2.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	45	30	8.3	11.1	6.7
Mexico	115	60	50	13.6	14.8	11.2
United States of America	80	35	45	9.5	8.6	10.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	0	15	3.0	0.0	3.4
Europe	120	60	60	14.2	14.8	13.5
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	1.8	0.0	3.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	30	35	7.1	7.4	7.9
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	20	3.6	3.7	4.5
Africa	40	25	15	4.7	6.2	3.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	10	1.8	2.5	2.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	2.4	2.5	2.2
Asia	370	170	200	43.8	42.0	44.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	10	3.0	2.5	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	170	85	85	20.1	21.0	19.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	10	0	1.8	2.5	0.0
Philippines	15	10	0	1.8	2.5	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	85	35	45	10.1	8.6	10.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	10	10	1.8	2.5	2.2
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,630	5,090	5,540	10.4	10.1	10.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,575	7,695	7,880	15.3	15.3	15.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	75,555	37,465	38,095	74.2	74.6	73.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,300	2,550	2,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,950	975	975	36.8	38.2	35.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	790	580	210	14.9	22.7	7.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,165	395	770	22.0	15.5	28.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,440	1,120	1,320	46.0	43.9	48.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	845	415	425	15.9	16.3	15.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	65	35	25	1.2	1.4	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,300	2,550	2,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	260	120	135	4.9	4.7	4.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	635	370	265	12.0	14.5	9.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	230	85	145	4.3	3.3	5.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	235	120	120	4.4	4.7	4.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	85	30	60	1.6	1.2	2.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,855	1,830	2,025	72.7	71.8	73.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,690	3,400	3,300	6.6	6.8	6.4
South Asian	1,315	685	630	1.3	1.4	1.2
Chinese	350	180	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Black	2,600	1,350	1,250	2.6	2.7	2.4
Filipino	420	170	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab	315	165	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	485	235	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Southeast Asian	475	245	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Japanese	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	240	130	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	95,070	46,855	48,220	93.4	93.2	93.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,595	9,875	9,720	19.3	19.7	18.9
English	27,110	12,965	14,145	26.6	25.8	27.5
Irish	19,195	9,305	9,890	18.9	18.5	19.2
Scottish	18,470	8,760	9,710	18.1	17.4	18.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	16,930	8,180	8,750	16.6	16.3	17.0
German	9,650	4,720	4,935	9.5	9.4	9.6
Chinese	455	230	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Italian	2,650	1,285	1,365	2.6	2.6	2.6
Indian (India)	860	430	430	0.8	0.9	0.8
Ukrainian	1,920	890	1,030	1.9	1.8	2.0
Dutch	10,790	5,545	5,245	10.6	11.0	10.2
Polish	2,120	965	1,155	2.1	1.9	2.2
Québécois	150	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,015	1,475	1,535	3.0	2.9	3.0
Filipino	435	180	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
French Canadian	2,030	1,010	1,020	2.0	2.0	2.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,755	1,365	1,395	2.7	2.7	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,065	1,110	955	2.0	2.2	1.9
Métis	1,500	765	735	1.5	1.5	1.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,955	980	965	1.9	2.0	1.9
Russian	910	445	470	0.9	0.9	0.9
Norwegian	365	175	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Welsh	1,970	865	1,105	1.9	1.7	2.1
Portuguese	1,495	785	710	1.5	1.6	1.4
American	1,100	515	585	1.1	1.0	1.1
Spanish	600	270	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swedish	355	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hungarian	1,305	595	710	1.3	1.2	1.4
Acadian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	535	285	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	310	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	185	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	430	225	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	375	205	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	495	205	285	0.5	0.4	0.6
Lebanese	395	200	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	460	225	230	0.5	0.4	0.4
Danish	475	265	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	940	475	465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sikh	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belgian	5,015	2,515	2,500	4.9	5.0	4.9
Haitian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	1,425	735	690	1.4	1.5	1.3
Mennonite	1,540	835	705	1.5	1.7	1.4
Swiss	270	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sri Lankan	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,245	565	680	1.2	1.1	1.3
Syrian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	425	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	220	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	335	135	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Newfoundlander	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	860	440	420	0.8	0.9	0.8
Persian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	430	200	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	410	190	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Israeli	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	465	215	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Bulgarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	340	195	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	180	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Laotian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	90	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	101,765	50,250	51,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	260	125	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Christian	66,455	31,415	35,040	65.3	62.5	68.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,325	4,540	4,790	9.2	9.0	9.3
Anabaptist	1,225	620	605	1.2	1.2	1.2
Anglican	4,340	1,940	2,400	4.3	3.9	4.7
Baptist	2,840	1,350	1,495	2.8	2.7	2.9
Catholic	29,970	14,325	15,650	29.5	28.5	30.4
Christian Orthodox	470	245	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	515	240	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	285	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	430	185	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,630	780	850	1.6	1.6	1.7
Presbyterian	2,080	1,025	1,055	2.0	2.0	2.0
Reformed	1,220	580	635	1.2	1.2	1.2
United Church	8,085	3,650	4,435	7.9	7.3	8.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,770	1,685	2,085	3.7	3.4	4.0
Hindu	420	230	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	840	460	380	0.8	0.9	0.7
Sikh	200	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	405	160	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	32,985	17,665	15,325	32.4	35.2	29.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	100,710	49,670	51,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,950	45,280	46,670	91.3	91.2	91.4
Movers	8,760	4,390	4,375	8.7	8.8	8.6
Non-migrants	5,220	2,590	2,630	5.2	5.2	5.2
Migrants	3,540	1,800	1,740	3.5	3.6	3.4
Internal migrants	3,285	1,640	1,645	3.3	3.3	3.2
Intraprovincial migrants	3,040	1,495	1,545	3.0	3.0	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	245	145	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
External migrants	255	160	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	96,710	47,710	49,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,225	32,480	33,745	68.5	68.1	68.9
Movers	30,485	15,230	15,265	31.5	31.9	31.1
Non-migrants	18,005	8,910	9,100	18.6	18.7	18.6
Migrants	12,480	6,320	6,160	12.9	13.2	12.6
Internal migrants	11,345	5,705	5,640	11.7	12.0	11.5
Intraprovincial migrants	10,260	5,120	5,140	10.6	10.7	10.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,085	590	500	1.1	1.2	1.0
External migrants	1,140	610	525	1.2	1.3	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,220	41,715	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,965	10,925	9,035	23.4	26.2	20.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,255	30,790	34,470	76.6	73.8	79.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,975	24,945	26,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,025	4,705	3,320	15.7	18.9	12.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,950	20,240	22,710	84.3	81.1	87.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	85,225	41,720	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,250	9,860	8,395	21.4	23.6	19.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,480	13,870	13,610	32.2	33.2	31.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,490	17,990	21,500	46.3	43.1	49.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,455	13,440	15,015	33.4	32.2	34.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,500	4,195	1,295	6.5	10.1	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,420	1,565	855	2.8	3.8	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,075	2,635	440	3.6	6.3	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,780	8,720	13,060	25.6	20.9	30.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,185	525	660	1.4	1.3	1.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,030	4,550	6,485	12.9	10.9	14.9
Bachelor's degree	8,245	3,230	5,015	9.7	7.7	11.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	820	375	445	1.0	0.9	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	225	140	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	1,595	715	880	1.9	1.7	2.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,970	24,940	26,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,335	4,310	3,020	14.4	17.3	11.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,730	8,475	7,255	30.9	34.0	27.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,905	12,155	15,755	54.7	48.7	60.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,995	9,075	10,915	39.2	36.4	41.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,305	2,480	825	6.5	9.9	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,325	825	500	2.6	3.3	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,975	1,650	330	3.9	6.6	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,915	6,250	9,670	31.2	25.1	37.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	775	345	425	1.5	1.4	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,915	3,080	4,835	15.5	12.3	18.6
Bachelor's degree	5,935	2,160	3,770	11.6	8.7	14.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	610	300	310	1.2	1.2	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	1,115	475	645	2.2	1.9	2.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	85,225	41,715	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,730	23,730	22,005	53.7	56.9	50.6
Education	2,240	600	1,645	2.6	1.4	3.8
13. Education	2,240	600	1,645	2.6	1.4	3.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	825	355	470	1.0	0.9	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	70	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	730	280	445	0.9	0.7	1.0
Humanities	1,410	505	905	1.7	1.2	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	335	80	255	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	385	150	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	240	135	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	225	95	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,230	1,345	3,880	6.1	3.2	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	330	160	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,195	225	1,960	2.6	0.5	4.5
22. Legal professions and studies	540	160	380	0.6	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	880	235	650	1.0	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,150	540	610	1.3	1.3	1.4
Business, management and public administration	6,820	2,230	4,590	8.0	5.3	10.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	745	125	625	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,045	2,100	3,945	7.1	5.0	9.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	795	355	435	0.9	0.9	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	325	130	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	190	130	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,095	710	385	1.3	1.7	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	830	585	250	1.0	1.4	0.6
25. Library science	80	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	175	120	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,245	7,785	455	9.7	18.7	1.0
04. Architecture and related services	145	110	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	795	665	125	0.9	1.6	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,940	1,735	210	2.3	4.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,730	1,700	30	2.0	4.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,140	2,125	20	2.5	5.1	0.0
48. Precision production	1,495	1,455	40	1.8	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,900	1,325	570	2.2	3.2	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,630	1,135	495	1.9	2.7	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	275	195	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	7,640	1,220	6,420	9.0	2.9	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	580	320	260	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,985	840	6,145	8.2	2.0	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,280	1,550	1,730	3.8	3.7	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,580	265	1,315	1.9	0.6	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,140	760	380	1.3	1.8	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	535	505	30	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,975	24,940	26,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,065	12,785	10,280	45.2	51.3	39.5
Education	1,320	370	955	2.6	1.5	3.7
13. Education	1,320	370	955	2.6	1.5	3.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	565	215	350	1.1	0.9	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	515	175	335	1.0	0.7	1.3
Humanities	925	310	610	1.8	1.2	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	205	40	165	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	280	105	175	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	145	85	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	155	55	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,990	930	3,060	7.8	3.7	11.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	130	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,735	180	1,560	3.4	0.7	6.0
22. Legal professions and studies	450	125	325	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	595	115	480	1.2	0.5	1.8
45. Social sciences	835	370	465	1.6	1.5	1.8
Business, management and public administration	4,995	1,505	3,495	9.8	6.0	13.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	600	95	505	1.2	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,385	1,405	2,975	8.6	5.6	11.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	490	205	290	1.0	0.8	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	90	130	0.4	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	45	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	815	520	295	1.6	2.1	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	655	460	200	1.3	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,520	5,160	365	10.8	20.7	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	105	75	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	550	455	100	1.1	1.8	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,350	1,190	165	2.6	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,150	1,125	25	2.3	4.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,320	1,300	20	2.6	5.2	0.1
48. Precision production	1,045	1,020	25	2.1	4.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,360	900	460	2.7	3.6	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,150	745	405	2.3	3.0	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	210	155	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
Health and related fields	5,520	910	4,615	10.8	3.6	17.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	445	265	180	0.9	1.1	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,040	620	4,420	9.9	2.5	17.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,390	1,135	1,260	4.7	4.6	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,095	165	930	2.1	0.7	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	905	610	295	1.8	2.4	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	390	355	30	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,975	24,940	26,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,065	12,785	10,280	45.2	51.3	39.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,910	12,155	15,755	54.8	48.7	60.5
Location of study inside Canada	26,115	11,320	14,800	51.2	45.4	56.9
Same as province or territory of residence	25,325	10,935	14,395	49.7	43.8	55.3
Different than province or territory of residence	795	385	405	1.6	1.5	1.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,795	840	955	3.5	3.4	3.7
Americas	740	390	345	1.5	1.6	1.3
United States of America	590	325	270	1.2	1.3	1.0
Mexico	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	370	160	210	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	70	15	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	60	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Africa	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	540	220	315	1.1	0.9	1.2
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	105	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Viet Nam	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	180	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oceania	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australia	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	85,225	41,720	43,505	...	...	...
In the labour force	48,900	25,720	23,180	...	...	...
Employed	43,660	23,105	20,555	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,240	2,615	2,625	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,320	15,995	20,325	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.4	61.6	53.3	57.4	61.6	53.3
Employment rate	51.2	55.4	47.2	51.2	55.4	47.2
Unemployment rate	10.7	10.2	11.3	10.7	10.2	11.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	85,225	41,715	43,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,670	15,780	19,890	41.9	37.8	45.7
Worked	49,550	25,935	23,610	58.1	62.2	54.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	25,425	14,605	10,820	29.8	35.0	24.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,130	11,335	12,795	28.3	27.2	29.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.1	40.7	41.4	42.1	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	48,900	25,720	23,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	530	430	2.0	2.1	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	47,940	25,185	22,750	98.0	97.9	98.1
Employee	41,300	20,980	20,320	84.5	81.6	87.7
Permanent position	35,865	18,315	17,555	73.3	71.2	75.7
Temporary position	5,430	2,665	2,765	11.1	10.4	11.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,430	660	765	2.9	2.6	3.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,000	2,000	1,995	8.2	7.8	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,640	4,210	2,430	13.6	16.4	10.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	48,900	25,720	23,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	530	430	2.0	2.1	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	47,940	25,185	22,750	98.0	97.9	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	285	200	90	0.6	0.8	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,230	1,630	4,600	12.7	6.3	19.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,465	1,930	535	5.0	7.5	2.3
3 Health occupations	4,160	545	3,615	8.5	2.1	15.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,900	1,365	3,535	10.0	5.3	15.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	650	305	345	1.3	1.2	1.5
6 Sales and service occupations	11,990	4,645	7,345	24.5	18.1	31.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,095	9,145	955	20.6	35.6	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,105	2,445	655	6.3	9.5	2.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,045	2,975	1,065	8.3	11.6	4.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	48,900	25,720	23,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	530	430	2.0	2.1	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	47,940	25,185	22,750	98.0	97.9	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,595	2,460	1,135	7.4	9.6	4.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180	160	20	0.4	0.6	0.1
22 Utilities	885	620	265	1.8	2.4	1.1
23 Construction	3,905	3,465	445	8.0	13.5	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	6,245	4,785	1,455	12.8	18.6	6.3
41 Wholesale trade	1,570	1,050	515	3.2	4.1	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	5,940	2,790	3,155	12.1	10.8	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,265	1,660	605	4.6	6.5	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	795	430	370	1.6	1.7	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,075	405	675	2.2	1.6	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	460	240	215	0.9	0.9	0.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,655	865	790	3.4	3.4	3.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,120	1,055	1,060	4.3	4.1	4.6
61 Educational services	2,980	905	2,075	6.1	3.5	9.0
62 Health care and social assistance	6,645	805	5,840	13.6	3.1	25.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	685	360	325	1.4	1.4	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,810	1,070	1,735	5.7	4.2	7.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,000	1,080	915	4.1	4.2	3.9
91 Public administration	2,105	965	1,140	4.3	3.8	4.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	53,145	27,815	25,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	51,755	27,185	24,565	97.4	97.7	97.0
French	200	70	130	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	160	105	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	160	105	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	545	175	365	1.0	0.6	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	460	270	195	0.9	1.0	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	53,145	27,815	25,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	52,970	27,725	25,245	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	52,720	27,560	25,160	99.2	99.1	99.3
English	52,405	27,470	24,935	98.6	98.8	98.5
French	315	85	225	0.6	0.3	0.9
Non-official languages	250	165	85	0.5	0.6	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	245	165	80	0.5	0.6	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	175	100	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	100	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	170	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	100	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	53,145	27,815	25,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	52,275	27,445	24,825	98.4	98.7	98.0
English	185	70	120	0.3	0.3	0.5
French	360	135	225	0.7	0.5	0.9
Non-official language	260	125	135	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	245	120	120	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,655	23,105	20,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,075	3,405	3,675	16.2	14.7	17.9
Worked outside Canada	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
No fixed workplace address	4,895	3,640	1,260	11.2	15.8	6.1
Usual place of work	31,565	16,000	15,565	72.3	69.2	75.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,565	16,000	15,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,790	12,605	13,185	81.7	78.8	84.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,705	3,370	2,335	18.1	21.1	15.0
Commute to a different province or territory	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,460	19,640	16,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,910	18,400	15,505	93.0	93.7	92.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,145	16,955	14,195	85.4	86.3	84.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,760	1,450	1,315	7.6	7.4	7.8
Public transit	160	60	100	0.4	0.3	0.6
Walked	1,545	760	785	4.2	3.9	4.7
Bicycle	290	190	105	0.8	1.0	0.6
Other method	560	230	330	1.5	1.2	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,460	19,640	16,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,780	8,710	9,065	48.8	44.3	53.9
15 to 29 minutes	9,735	5,300	4,435	26.7	27.0	26.4
30 to 44 minutes	5,270	3,085	2,185	14.5	15.7	13.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,795	1,180	615	4.9	6.0	3.7
60 minutes and over	1,885	1,355	520	5.2	6.9	3.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,460	19,640	16,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,030	2,060	970	8.3	10.5	5.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,665	5,080	2,585	21.0	25.9	15.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,625	5,350	4,280	26.4	27.2	25.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,705	2,680	4,020	18.4	13.6	23.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,295	1,205	2,090	9.0	6.1	12.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,140	3,265	2,875	16.8	16.6	17.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,485	10,580	9,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,510	1,280	1,230	12.3	12.1	12.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,975	9,305	8,670	87.7	87.9	87.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,055	7,765	7,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,865	935	930	12.4	12.0	12.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,370	680	690	9.1	8.8	9.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	490	255	235	3.3	3.3	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,195	6,830	6,365	87.6	88.0	87.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table