Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Guelph, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	143,740	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	131,794	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	59,746	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	56,480	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,644.1	...	...	1,644.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	87.43	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	143,740	70,065	73,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,505	12,125	11,385	16.4	17.3	15.5
0 to 4 years	7,425	3,780	3,645	5.2	5.4	4.9
5 to 9 years	8,070	4,205	3,860	5.6	6.0	5.2
10 to 14 years	8,010	4,130	3,880	5.6	5.9	5.3
15 to 64 years	96,690	47,820	48,870	67.3	68.3	66.3
15 to 19 years	8,415	4,270	4,145	5.9	6.1	5.6
20 to 24 years	10,525	5,300	5,230	7.3	7.6	7.1
25 to 29 years	11,095	5,605	5,485	7.7	8.0	7.4
30 to 34 years	10,980	5,470	5,510	7.6	7.8	7.5
35 to 39 years	10,335	5,170	5,165	7.2	7.4	7.0
40 to 44 years	9,210	4,475	4,735	6.4	6.4	6.4
45 to 49 years	9,190	4,410	4,775	6.4	6.3	6.5
50 to 54 years	9,085	4,445	4,640	6.3	6.3	6.3
55 to 59 years	9,470	4,660	4,810	6.6	6.7	6.5
60 to 64 years	8,390	4,010	4,380	5.8	5.7	5.9
65 years and over	23,540	10,125	13,420	16.4	14.5	18.2
65 to 69 years	6,940	3,220	3,720	4.8	4.6	5.0
70 to 74 years	5,920	2,660	3,265	4.1	3.8	4.4
75 to 79 years	4,165	1,855	2,310	2.9	2.6	3.1
80 to 84 years	3,000	1,220	1,780	2.1	1.7	2.4
85 years and over	3,520	1,170	2,350	2.4	1.7	3.2
85 to 89 years	1,900	745	1,155	1.3	1.1	1.6
90 to 94 years	1,255	345	910	0.9	0.5	1.2
95 to 99 years	320	60	260	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.3	15.5	16.4	17.3	15.5
15 to 64 years	67.3	68.3	66.3	67.3	68.3	66.3
65 years and over	16.4	14.5	18.2	16.4	14.5	18.2
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	3.2	2.4	1.7	3.2
Average age of the population	40.1	38.8	41.4	40.1	38.8	41.4
Median age of the population	38.4	37.2	40.0	38.4	37.2	40.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,445	...	...	48.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,530	...	...	4.5	...	...
Row house	8,610	...	...	15.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,620	...	...	6.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,715	...	...	13.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	6,510	...	...	11.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,210	...	...	26.9	...	...
2 persons	18,480	...	...	32.7	...	...
3 persons	8,995	...	...	15.9	...	...
4 persons	8,830	...	...	15.6	...	...
5 or more persons	4,965	...	...	8.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	141,835	69,480	72,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	120,230	57,940	62,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	67,330	33,550	33,775	56.0	57.9	54.2
Married	54,440	27,165	27,280	45.3	46.9	43.8
Living common-law	12,890	6,390	6,500	10.7	11.0	10.4
Living common law - Never married	9,675	4,820	4,855	8.0	8.3	7.8
Living common law - Separated	590	315	275	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,375	1,150	1,225	2.0	2.0	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	250	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	52,905	24,385	28,515	44.0	42.1	45.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,050	19,160	16,890	30.0	33.1	27.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,395	1,405	1,985	2.8	2.4	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,340	2,640	4,695	6.1	4.6	7.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,120	1,175	4,945	5.1	2.0	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	39,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,075	...	...	48.7	...	...
3 persons	8,515	...	...	21.7	...	...
4 persons	8,395	...	...	21.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,195	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	39,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	32,760	...	...	83.6	...	...
Married couples	26,320	...	...	67.2	...	...
With children⁶	15,375	...	...	39.2	...	...
Without children	10,945	...	...	27.9	...	...
Common-law couples	6,440	...	...	16.4	...	...
With children⁶	2,160	...	...	5.5	...	...
Without children	4,285	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,420	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,065	...	...	12.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,355	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	141,835	69,475	72,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	114,185	56,460	57,730	80.5	81.3	79.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	65,525	32,625	32,895	46.2	47.0	45.5
Parents in one-parent families	6,415	1,360	5,060	4.5	2.0	7.0
Children⁶	42,245	22,475	19,770	29.8	32.3	27.3
In a two-parent family	32,390	17,175	15,220	22.8	24.7	21.0
In a one-parent family	9,855	5,300	4,550	6.9	7.6	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,645	13,015	14,630	19.5	18.7	20.2
Living alone	15,210	6,390	8,820	10.7	9.2	12.2
Living with other relatives⁷	3,475	1,470	2,005	2.5	2.1	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	8,965	5,155	3,805	6.3	7.4	5.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,840	...	...	59.9	...	...
Couple-family households	28,785	...	...	51.0	...	...
With children⁶	15,450	...	...	27.4	...	...
Without children	13,335	...	...	23.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,050	...	...	8.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,685	...	...	3.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	415	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,980	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,350	...	...	5.9	...	...
One-person households	15,210	...	...	26.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	118,355	57,365	60,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	114,005	55,115	58,895	96.3	96.1	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,400	39,600	44,400	50,400	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	114,095	55,150	58,945	96.4	96.1	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	36,000	39,600	44,000	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	104,415	51,340	53,070	88.2	89.5	87.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,200	32,400	39,200	47,200	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,945	44,280	42,665	73.5	77.2	70.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,400	34,800	41,200	48,400	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,040	48,905	54,135	87.1	85.3	88.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,200	5,160	9,000	7,200	5,160	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,835	4,820	6,025	9.2	8.4	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,320	4,920	5,480	5,320	4,920	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,215	16,645	17,570	28.9	29.0	28.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,500	8,000	7,500	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	118,355	57,375	60,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	114,040	55,230	58,805	96.4	96.3	96.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,200	62,250	48,560	55,200	62,250	48,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	114,110	55,255	58,855	96.4	96.3	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,080	51,000	41,520	46,080	51,000	41,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,335	51,440	52,900	88.2	89.7	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,720	58,900	42,760	50,720	58,900	42,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,945	44,315	42,625	73.5	77.2	69.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,720	58,350	42,760	50,720	58,350	42,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,980	48,820	54,155	87.0	85.1	88.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,710	8,330	10,960	9,710	8,330	10,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,815	4,695	6,120	9.1	8.2	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,410	5,640	7,010	6,410	5,640	7,010
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,945	16,350	17,595	28.7	28.5	28.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,820	8,610	8,230	7,820	8,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	118,355	57,375	60,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	43,395	24,265	19,130	36.7	42.3	31.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	70,500	59,600	65,500	70,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,900	83,600	68,500	76,900	83,600	68,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	33,715	15,195	18,515	28.5	26.5	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	20,400	15,300	17,400	20,400	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,720	30,800	23,380	26,720	30,800	23,380
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	88.2	79.2	84.2	88.2	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.0	75.2	63.8	70.0	75.2	63.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.9	11.8	20.8	15.9	11.8	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.1	6.2	5.1	4.1	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.7	5.3	4.4	3.7	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	118,355	57,365	60,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,350	2,255	2,090	3.7	3.9	3.4
With total income	114,010	55,115	58,895	96.3	96.1	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,775	3,750	5,020	7.7	6.8	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	12,835	5,370	7,465	11.3	9.7	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	16,205	6,725	9,480	14.2	12.2	16.1
$30,000 to $39,999	13,640	5,850	7,790	12.0	10.6	13.2
$40,000 to $49,999	12,690	5,705	6,985	11.1	10.4	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	11,685	5,640	6,040	10.2	10.2	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	9,235	4,715	4,520	8.1	8.6	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	6,630	3,600	3,030	5.8	6.5	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	5,145	2,995	2,145	4.5	5.4	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	4,125	2,355	1,765	3.6	4.3	3.0
$100,000 and over	13,050	8,395	4,650	11.4	15.2	7.9
$100,000 to $149,999	9,000	5,550	3,450	7.9	10.1	5.9
$150,000 and over	4,055	2,845	1,210	3.6	5.2	2.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	118,355	57,365	60,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,260	2,215	2,045	3.6	3.9	3.4
With after-tax income	114,100	55,150	58,945	96.4	96.1	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,240	3,890	5,345	8.1	7.1	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	13,355	5,590	7,770	11.7	10.1	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	18,410	7,755	10,650	16.1	14.1	18.1
$30,000 to $39,999	16,490	7,245	9,245	14.5	13.1	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	15,855	7,565	8,285	13.9	13.7	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	12,370	6,300	6,075	10.8	11.4	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	8,460	4,535	3,930	7.4	8.2	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,985	3,510	2,475	5.2	6.4	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,840	2,710	2,130	4.2	4.9	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,695	1,705	995	2.4	3.1	1.7
$100,000 and over	6,400	4,355	2,040	5.6	7.9	3.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,335	2,185	1,150	2.9	4.0	2.0
$125,000 and over	3,065	2,175	890	2.7	3.9	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	118,355	57,365	60,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	31,410	13,090	18,320	26.5	22.8	30.0
With employment income	86,945	44,280	42,665	73.5	77.2	70.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,295	5,090	6,210	13.0	11.5	14.6
$5,000 to $9,999	6,855	2,910	3,950	7.9	6.6	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,680	4,250	5,430	11.1	9.6	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	7,050	3,160	3,890	8.1	7.1	9.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,570	3,540	4,035	8.7	8.0	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,105	3,900	4,205	9.3	8.8	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,855	4,000	3,850	9.0	9.0	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,385	3,565	2,820	7.3	8.1	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,640	2,695	1,950	5.3	6.1	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,900	2,360	1,535	4.5	5.3	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,445	1,895	1,550	4.0	4.3	3.6
$100,000 and over	10,155	6,915	3,235	11.7	15.6	7.6
$100,000 to $124,999	4,985	3,200	1,790	5.7	7.2	4.2
$125,000 and over	5,170	3,715	1,450	5.9	8.4	3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	118,355	57,365	60,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	111,895	54,005	57,895	94.5	94.1	94.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,800	37,200	42,400	48,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	111,920	54,010	57,910	94.6	94.2	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,800	34,000	38,000	42,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	103,285	50,670	52,615	87.3	88.3	86.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	33,600	40,400	48,000	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,270	44,275	42,995	73.7	77.2	70.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,800	35,200	41,600	48,800	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,565	45,465	51,100	81.6	79.3	83.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,530	830	3,880	1,530	830	3,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,675	3,060	4,615	6.5	5.3	7.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,560	5,520	5,080	4,560	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	118,355	57,375	60,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	111,815	53,955	57,870	94.5	94.0	94.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,750	60,750	45,240	52,750	60,750	45,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	111,845	53,955	57,890	94.5	94.0	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,880	49,440	38,720	43,880	49,440	38,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	103,085	50,620	52,460	87.1	88.2	86.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,040	60,000	42,440	51,040	60,000	42,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,245	44,250	42,990	73.7	77.1	70.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,360	58,500	42,000	50,360	58,500	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,480	45,420	51,055	81.5	79.2	83.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,580	5,310	7,700	6,580	5,310	7,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,935	3,165	4,770	6.7	5.5	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,970	5,990	7,610	6,970	5,990	7,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	118,355	57,375	60,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	43,020	23,995	19,025	36.3	41.8	31.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	67,500	56,000	61,600	67,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,300	79,700	63,100	72,300	79,700	63,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,920	14,310	17,610	27.0	24.9	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,000	27,800	19,800	23,000	27,800	19,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,040	37,600	27,520	32,040	37,600	27,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.6	85.0	89.2	92.6	85.0
Employment income (%)	74.6	79.0	69.0	74.6	79.0	69.0
Government transfers (%)	10.8	7.4	15.0	10.8	7.4	15.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.4	0.9	0.6	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	56,480	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	41,270	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	56,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,400	...	...	111,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,100	...	...	93,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,000	...	...	47,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	41,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,800	...	...	131,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,100	...	...	110,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	435	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	290	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	620	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	935	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,565	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,610	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,505	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,645	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,790	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,845	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,875	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,965	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,540	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,470	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,465	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,925	...	...	45.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,300	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,630	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,815	...	...	12.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	6,170	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	500	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	290	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	660	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	970	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,680	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,845	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,805	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,005	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,130	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,280	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,705	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,410	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,220	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,275	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,830	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,870	...	...	37.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,635	...	...	13.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,130	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,110	...	...	14.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,575	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,170	11,545	12,625	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	40,400	38,400	39,200	40,400	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	36,400	35,200	35,600	36,400	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,800	...	...	132,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,400	...	...	116,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,800	...	...	96,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,640	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,200	...	...	162,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,400	...	...	133,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,300	...	...	85,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	23,995	11,355	12,640	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,200	49,600	46,960	48,200	49,600	46,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,160	41,920	40,480	41,160	41,920	40,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	141,835	69,475	72,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,225	14,605	13,620	19.9	21.0	18.8
0 to 5 years	9,030	4,655	4,370	6.4	6.7	6.0
18 to 64 years	91,635	45,145	46,490	64.6	65.0	64.2
65 years and over	21,970	9,725	12,245	15.5	14.0	16.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,580	5,190	6,390	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,475	1,280	1,195	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	850	460	395	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,975	3,180	3,795	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,125	725	1,395	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.2	7.5	8.8	8.2	7.5	8.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.8	8.7	8.8	8.8	8.7	8.8
0 to 5 years (%)	9.5	9.8	9.0	9.5	9.8	9.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6	7.1	8.2	7.6	7.1	8.2
65 years and over (%)	9.7	7.5	11.4	9.7	7.5	11.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	141,835	69,475	72,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,225	14,600	13,625	19.9	21.0	18.8
0 to 5 years	9,025	4,655	4,375	6.4	6.7	6.0
18 to 64 years	91,635	45,150	46,490	64.6	65.0	64.2
65 years and over	21,975	9,725	12,245	15.5	14.0	16.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,175	3,045	3,125	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	740	405	340	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	220	135	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,075	2,515	2,560	...	...	...
65 years and over	355	130	230	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.8	2.0	2.4	2.8	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	5.6	5.5	5.5	5.6	5.5
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	141,835	69,480	72,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	63,395	30,245	33,150	44.7	43.5	45.8
In bottom decile	12,175	5,795	6,380	8.6	8.3	8.8
In second decile	11,670	5,325	6,345	8.2	7.7	8.8
In third decile	12,460	5,865	6,595	8.8	8.4	9.1
In fourth decile	13,180	6,415	6,765	9.3	9.2	9.3
In fifth decile	13,910	6,850	7,065	9.8	9.9	9.8
In top half of the distribution	78,435	39,235	39,205	55.3	56.5	54.2
In sixth decile	15,260	7,550	7,710	10.8	10.9	10.7
In seventh decile	15,285	7,580	7,705	10.8	10.9	10.6
In eighth decile	16,405	8,215	8,195	11.6	11.8	11.3
In ninth decile	16,715	8,425	8,285	11.8	12.1	11.4
In top decile	14,775	7,460	7,310	10.4	10.7	10.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	141,835	...	...	141,835	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	...	...	0.313	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.409	...	...	0.409	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	142,625	69,750	72,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	127,810	63,690	64,125	89.6	91.3	88.0
French only	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	12,660	5,240	7,420	8.9	7.5	10.2
Neither English nor French	2,085	790	1,290	1.5	1.1	1.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	142,625	69,750	72,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	138,495	68,030	70,465	97.1	97.5	96.7
French	1,565	710	855	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	535	245	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Neither English nor French	2,030	770	1,260	1.4	1.1	1.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	142,625	69,750	72,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	137,520	67,230	70,285	96.4	96.4	96.5
Official languages	107,885	52,890	55,000	75.6	75.8	75.5
English	106,315	52,170	54,140	74.5	74.8	74.3
French	1,575	720	855	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official languages	29,630	14,345	15,285	20.8	20.6	21.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	29,615	14,335	15,280	20.8	20.6	21.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,085	1,615	1,470	2.2	2.3	2.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	195	105	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bilen	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,885	1,510	1,375	2.0	2.2	1.9
Amharic	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	1,275	670	600	0.9	1.0	0.8
Aramaic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,260	670	590	0.9	1.0	0.8
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,850	830	1,025	1.3	1.2	1.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,710	770	940	1.2	1.1	1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,155	980	1,175	1.5	1.4	1.6
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,770	815	955	1.2	1.2	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	925	505	420	0.6	0.7	0.6
Kannada	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	355	225	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	410	200	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	16,220	7,880	8,340	11.4	11.3	11.4
Albanian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,835	1,275	1,565	2.0	1.8	2.1
Baltic languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,775	1,250	1,530	1.9	1.8	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,260	560	700	0.9	0.8	1.0
Russian	345	160	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	690	330	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	440	220	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	185	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,505	665	835	1.1	1.0	1.1
Frisian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	735	315	420	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	710	300	410	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	660	300	365	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	600	270	330	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	7,095	3,720	3,375	5.0	5.3	4.6
Indo-Aryan languages	5,600	2,985	2,615	3.9	4.3	3.6
Assamese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	365	205	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	915	525	390	0.6	0.8	0.5
Hindi	670	345	320	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	70	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	435	225	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,085	1,105	980	1.5	1.6	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	825	425	400	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,500	730	770	1.1	1.0	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	1,045	510	535	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	500	240	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iranian Persian	460	225	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,445	2,050	2,395	3.1	2.9	3.3
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,890	860	1,025	1.3	1.2	1.4
Portuguese	515	230	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,755	820	930	1.2	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	290	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	210	105	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,255	1,520	1,730	2.3	2.2	2.4
Chinese languages	3,250	1,515	1,730	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,005	930	1,075	1.4	1.3	1.5
Min Dong	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,080	500	575	0.8	0.7	0.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	210	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	430	215	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	285	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	745	350	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Estonian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	690	330	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,105	2,520	2,585	3.6	3.6	3.5
English and French	710	320	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	3,850	1,945	1,910	2.7	2.8	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	370	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	142,625	69,750	72,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	110,135	54,030	56,110	77.2	77.5	77.0
French	305	125	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	7,985	3,855	4,125	5.6	5.5	5.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,980	3,860	4,125	5.6	5.5	5.7
English and French	1,785	775	1,010	1.3	1.1	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	20,855	10,295	10,560	14.6	14.8	14.5
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	705	285	420	0.5	0.4	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	825	370	450	0.6	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	142,625	69,750	72,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	137,625	67,365	70,260	96.5	96.6	96.4
Official languages	121,070	59,175	61,900	84.9	84.8	84.9
English	120,600	58,970	61,625	84.6	84.5	84.6
French	475	200	270	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	16,555	8,190	8,360	11.6	11.7	11.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,545	8,190	8,360	11.6	11.7	11.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,190	1,125	1,065	1.5	1.6	1.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,030	1,040	995	1.4	1.5	1.4
Amharic	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	685	340	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,150	605	545	0.8	0.9	0.7
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,375	630	740	1.0	0.9	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,265	580	685	0.9	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,095	535	555	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	920	460	455	0.6	0.7	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	570	310	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	235	145	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,005	3,990	4,010	5.6	5.7	5.5
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,190	570	615	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,180	565	610	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	515	255	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	385	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
German	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,885	2,530	2,355	3.4	3.6	3.2
Indo-Aryan languages	3,920	2,060	1,860	2.7	3.0	2.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	255	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	620	350	275	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hindi	395	200	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	355	190	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,595	850	750	1.1	1.2	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	550	270	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	965	465	495	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	650	310	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
Dari	310	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	290	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,710	780	935	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	520	210	315	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	895	425	465	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	190	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,245	1,080	1,170	1.6	1.5	1.6
Chinese languages	2,245	1,080	1,170	1.6	1.5	1.6
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,430	690	735	1.0	1.0	1.0
Min Dong	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	725	350	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	335	165	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	335	165	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,000	2,390	2,610	3.5	3.4	3.6
English and French	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,560	2,190	2,370	3.2	3.1	3.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	142,625	69,750	72,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	122,480	59,950	62,525	85.9	85.9	85.8
English	6,725	3,435	3,290	4.7	4.9	4.5
French	1,550	660	895	1.1	0.9	1.2
Non-official language	9,145	4,390	4,750	6.4	6.3	6.5
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	9,130	4,385	4,740	6.4	6.3	6.5
English and French	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,190	600	590	0.8	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	375	155	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,045	510	535	0.7	0.7	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	141,835	69,475	72,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	139,740	68,710	71,030	98.5	98.9	98.2
English	139,680	68,680	71,000	98.5	98.9	98.1
French	12,640	5,205	7,435	8.9	7.5	10.3
Non-official languages	39,885	19,330	20,555	28.1	27.8	28.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	39,840	19,315	20,525	28.1	27.8	28.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,380	2,270	2,105	3.1	3.3	2.9
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,210	2,190	2,020	3.0	3.2	2.8
Amharic	490	260	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
Arabic	2,160	1,130	1,035	1.5	1.6	1.4
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	230	140	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,795	930	865	1.3	1.3	1.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,560	1,140	1,420	1.8	1.6	2.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	215	85	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	2,415	1,080	1,335	1.7	1.6	1.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,895	1,295	1,600	2.0	1.9	2.2
Bikol	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,740	1,235	1,505	1.9	1.8	2.1
Waray-Waray	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	110	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,435	825	610	1.0	1.2	0.8
Kannada	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malayalam	590	415	175	0.4	0.6	0.2
Tamil	755	415	340	0.5	0.6	0.5
Telugu	205	110	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	23,280	11,255	12,025	16.4	16.2	16.6
Albanian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,695	1,690	2,000	2.6	2.4	2.8
Baltic languages	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,610	1,665	1,950	2.5	2.4	2.7
Belarusian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,545	685	860	1.1	1.0	1.2
Russian	620	295	325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,135	555	575	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bosnian	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	895	435	455	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	235	100	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,585	1,185	1,400	1.8	1.7	1.9
Frisian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,555	760	795	1.1	1.1	1.1
German	1,525	735	790	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	935	400	540	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	775	325	450	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	70	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	295	135	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	9,700	5,160	4,540	6.8	7.4	6.3
Indo-Aryan languages	8,030	4,300	3,730	5.7	6.2	5.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	500	280	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Gujarati	1,440	825	615	1.0	1.2	0.8
Hindi	3,300	1,805	1,485	2.3	2.6	2.1
Kacchi	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	560	315	245	0.4	0.5	0.3
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,775	1,420	1,350	2.0	2.0	1.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,895	990	910	1.3	1.4	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages	1,875	960	915	1.3	1.4	1.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	280	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	295	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian languages	1,410	725	685	1.0	1.0	0.9
Dari	810	410	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	520	285	235	0.4	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,410	3,285	4,130	5.2	4.7	5.7
Catalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,940	1,270	1,675	2.1	1.8	2.3
Portuguese	795	370	420	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	325	140	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Spanish	3,635	1,610	2,025	2.6	2.3	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	255	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	325	165	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	665	345	325	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	205	105	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	265	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	220	75	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	210	70	140	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,080	1,940	2,135	2.9	2.8	3.0
Chinese languages	4,080	1,940	2,135	2.9	2.8	3.0
Hakka	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,745	1,310	1,440	1.9	1.9	2.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	185	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,620	745	875	1.1	1.1	1.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	320	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	80	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	750	360	390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	535	260	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,035	505	535	0.7	0.7	0.7
Estonian	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	970	475	490	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	141,835	69,475	72,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,220	1,040	1,170	1.6	1.5	1.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,055	950	1,105	1.4	1.4	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,210	565	640	0.9	0.8	0.9
Métis	830	370	455	0.6	0.5	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	139,615	68,435	71,185	98.4	98.5	98.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	141,835	69,475	72,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	600	275	320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	141,235	69,200	72,040	99.6	99.6	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,095	...	...	65.7	...	...
Renter	19,385	...	...	34.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,340	...	...	18.3	...	...
Not condominium	46,140	...	...	81.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	6,950	...	...	12.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,925	...	...	22.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	23,190	...	...	41.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,160	...	...	23.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,380	...	...	27.2	...	...
5 rooms	8,970	...	...	15.9	...	...
6 rooms	9,200	...	...	16.3	...	...
7 rooms	7,400	...	...	13.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,530	...	...	27.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	55,040	...	...	97.5	...	...
More than one person per room	1,440	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	53,355	...	...	94.5	...	...
Not suitable	3,125	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,120	...	...	19.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,565	...	...	24.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,140	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,620	...	...	13.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,010	...	...	8.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,240	...	...	7.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,700	...	...	6.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,085	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	53,805	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,675	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,420	...	...	46.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	26,750	...	...	47.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,315	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,245	...	...	4.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,020	...	...	16.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,445	...	...	18.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,230	...	...	18.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,780	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,560	...	...	13.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,380	...	...	7.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,830	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	56,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,400	...	...	77.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,905	...	...	22.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,755	...	...	20.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	56,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	17,140	...	...	30.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,545	...	...	20.4	...	...
Not suitable only	2,400	...	...	4.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,685	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	520	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	785	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	39,340	...	...	69.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	55,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,960	...	...	10.8	...	...
Not in core need	49,195	...	...	89.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,090	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.1	...	...	63.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.6	...	...	15.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,678	...	...	1,678	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	732,000	...	...	732,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,380	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.3	...	...	13.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.0	...	...	37.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.8	...	...	21.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,380	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	141,835	69,480	72,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	545	295	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	545	295	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	440	235	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis single ancestry	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,750	1,235	1,515	1.9	1.8	2.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,695	1,220	1,470	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,950	905	1,045	1.4	1.3	1.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	705	285	415	0.5	0.4	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	138,540	67,950	70,590	97.7	97.8	97.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	141,830	69,475	72,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	129,935	63,365	66,565	91.6	91.2	92.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,680	13,770	12,910	18.8	19.8	17.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	103,255	49,595	53,660	72.8	71.4	74.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	11,895	6,105	5,790	8.4	8.8	8.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	141,830	69,475	72,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	105,375	51,580	53,800	74.3	74.2	74.4
Immigrants⁸¹	33,775	16,220	17,555	23.8	23.3	24.3
Before 1980	7,020	3,190	3,825	4.9	4.6	5.3
1980 to 1990	3,875	2,000	1,870	2.7	2.9	2.6
1991 to 2000	5,510	2,625	2,885	3.9	3.8	4.0
2001 to 2010	7,205	3,445	3,765	5.1	5.0	5.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	10,170	4,960	5,210	7.2	7.1	7.2
2011 to 2015	4,315	2,110	2,205	3.0	3.0	3.0
2016 to 2021	5,855	2,850	3,010	4.1	4.1	4.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,680	1,675	1,000	1.9	2.4	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	33,775	16,220	17,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,410	1,715	1,695	10.1	10.6	9.7
5 to 14 years	5,880	3,070	2,810	17.4	18.9	16.0
15 to 24 years	6,970	3,110	3,855	20.6	19.2	22.0
25 to 44 years	15,040	7,200	7,840	44.5	44.4	44.7
45 years and over	2,480	1,125	1,350	7.3	6.9	7.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	33,775	16,220	17,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,770	1,740	2,035	11.2	10.7	11.6
Brazil	170	55	115	0.5	0.3	0.7
Colombia	325	120	205	1.0	0.7	1.2
El Salvador	195	85	115	0.6	0.5	0.7
Guyana	220	105	110	0.7	0.6	0.6
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	320	125	190	0.9	0.8	1.1
Mexico	290	130	165	0.9	0.8	0.9
Peru	85	45	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	265	110	155	0.8	0.7	0.9
United States of America	1,080	515	570	3.2	3.2	3.2
Other places of birth in Americas	800	425	375	2.4	2.6	2.1
Europe	10,105	4,765	5,340	29.9	29.4	30.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	215	85	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Croatia	195	90	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
France	95	65	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Germany	550	240	310	1.6	1.5	1.8
Greece	95	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hungary	275	135	140	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italy	1,380	665	720	4.1	4.1	4.1
Netherlands	575	265	310	1.7	1.6	1.8
Poland	975	425	555	2.9	2.6	3.2
Portugal	245	115	125	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romania	310	155	155	0.9	1.0	0.9
Russian Federation	245	115	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	555	270	285	1.6	1.7	1.6
Ukraine	135	60	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,275	1,550	1,730	9.7	9.6	9.9
Other places of birth in Europe	980	480	495	2.9	3.0	2.8
Africa	3,350	1,815	1,540	9.9	11.2	8.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	245	120	125	0.7	0.7	0.7
Eritrea	1,350	745	605	4.0	4.6	3.4
Ethiopia	385	200	185	1.1	1.2	1.1
Morocco	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	265	145	125	0.8	0.9	0.7
Somalia	55	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	235	140	95	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other places of birth in Africa	725	375	345	2.1	2.3	2.0
Asia	16,380	7,800	8,585	48.5	48.1	48.9
Afghanistan	795	380	410	2.4	2.3	2.3
Iran⁸⁸	380	195	190	1.1	1.2	1.1
Iraq	280	155	130	0.8	1.0	0.7
Lebanon	155	85	75	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	505	235	275	1.5	1.4	1.6
Turkey	130	70	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	1,730	740	985	5.1	4.6	5.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	160	90	65	0.5	0.6	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	210	105	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Taiwan	155	70	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
Philippines	2,695	1,140	1,550	8.0	7.0	8.8
Viet Nam	1,810	825	990	5.4	5.1	5.6
Bangladesh	325	170	155	1.0	1.0	0.9
India	3,700	1,905	1,795	11.0	11.7	10.2
Pakistan	1,085	545	535	3.2	3.4	3.0
Sri Lanka	430	220	205	1.3	1.4	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,835	875	960	5.4	5.4	5.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	165	105	65	0.5	0.6	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,855	2,850	3,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	490	220	275	8.4	7.7	9.2
Brazil	75	30	45	1.3	1.1	1.5
Colombia	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.7
Mexico	55	15	40	0.9	0.5	1.3
United States of America	125	65	55	2.1	2.3	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	50	10	40	0.9	0.4	1.3
Other places of birth in Americas	135	80	55	2.3	2.8	1.8
Europe	405	220	185	6.9	7.7	6.2
France	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Germany	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Italy	45	30	15	0.8	1.1	0.5
Russian Federation	45	15	30	0.8	0.5	1.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	75	40	2.0	2.6	1.3
Other places of birth in Europe	145	70	80	2.5	2.5	2.7
Africa	1,500	795	700	25.6	27.9	23.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
Eritrea	1,025	550	480	17.5	19.3	16.0
Ethiopia	115	60	60	2.0	2.1	2.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	140	85	50	2.4	3.0	1.7
Somalia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	30	10	0.8	1.1	0.3
Sudan⁹⁷	65	25	40	1.1	0.9	1.3
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	25	40	1.2	0.9	1.3
Asia	3,430	1,595	1,840	58.6	56.0	61.2
Afghanistan	60	15	40	1.0	0.5	1.3
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	195	60	135	3.3	2.1	4.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,135	595	545	19.4	20.9	18.1
Iran⁸⁸	40	15	20	0.7	0.5	0.7
Iraq	130	70	60	2.2	2.5	2.0
Israel	110	50	65	1.9	1.8	2.2
Japan	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Jordan	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	15	0.7	0.7	0.5
Lebanon	30	0	25	0.5	0.0	0.8
Nepal	30	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
Pakistan	175	65	110	3.0	2.3	3.7
Philippines	545	235	305	9.3	8.2	10.1
Saudi Arabia	45	25	20	0.8	0.9	0.7
Sri Lanka	40	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	410	185	225	7.0	6.5	7.5
Turkey	100	50	45	1.7	1.8	1.5
United Arab Emirates	25	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.8
Viet Nam	190	70	125	3.2	2.5	4.2
Other places of birth in Asia	80	55	30	1.4	1.9	1.0
Oceania and other⁹³	30	25	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Australia	30	25	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	141,835	69,475	72,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	37,835	18,535	19,305	26.7	26.7	26.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	30,930	15,260	15,665	21.8	22.0	21.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	73,065	35,675	37,390	51.5	51.3	51.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	26,755	13,030	13,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,125	6,145	5,975	45.3	47.2	43.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,915	3,120	1,795	18.4	23.9	13.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,210	3,025	4,185	26.9	23.2	30.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,930	3,250	4,680	29.6	24.9	34.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	6,550	3,555	2,995	24.5	27.3	21.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	155	80	75	0.6	0.6	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	26,755	13,030	13,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,260	690	575	4.7	5.3	4.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,345	1,070	1,275	8.8	8.2	9.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	620	295	325	2.3	2.3	2.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,365	690	675	5.1	5.3	4.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	90	35	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	21,080	10,250	10,830	78.8	78.7	78.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	141,835	69,475	72,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	35,940	18,030	17,910	25.3	26.0	24.8
South Asian	10,480	5,530	4,950	7.4	8.0	6.8
Chinese	4,270	2,050	2,215	3.0	3.0	3.1
Black	5,940	3,090	2,845	4.2	4.4	3.9
Filipino	3,810	1,705	2,105	2.7	2.5	2.9
Arab	1,645	825	810	1.2	1.2	1.1
Latin American	2,015	995	1,020	1.4	1.4	1.4
Southeast Asian	3,185	1,565	1,620	2.2	2.3	2.2
West Asian	1,975	985	990	1.4	1.4	1.4
Korean	380	195	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	680	340	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	1,365	650	710	1.0	0.9	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	105,895	51,445	54,450	74.7	74.0	75.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	141,835	69,475	72,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,890	9,305	9,590	13.3	13.4	13.3
English	33,230	15,865	17,355	23.4	22.8	24.0
Irish	27,660	13,100	14,560	19.5	18.9	20.1
Scottish	29,165	13,950	15,215	20.6	20.1	21.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,390	4,495	4,895	6.6	6.5	6.8
German	15,750	7,515	8,230	11.1	10.8	11.4
Chinese	4,860	2,335	2,525	3.4	3.4	3.5
Italian	12,210	5,875	6,335	8.6	8.5	8.8
Indian (India)	5,475	2,940	2,530	3.9	4.2	3.5
Ukrainian	3,385	1,545	1,840	2.4	2.2	2.5
Dutch	7,245	3,630	3,610	5.1	5.2	5.0
Polish	5,830	2,745	3,085	4.1	4.0	4.3
Québécois	210	110	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,705	3,135	3,575	4.7	4.5	4.9
Filipino	3,705	1,600	2,105	2.6	2.3	2.9
French Canadian	1,525	660	865	1.1	0.9	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,100	1,050	1,055	1.5	1.5	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,040	475	565	0.7	0.7	0.8
Métis	855	350	505	0.6	0.5	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,980	1,055	925	1.4	1.5	1.3
Russian	1,325	615	705	0.9	0.9	1.0
Norwegian	715	320	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Welsh	2,885	1,365	1,520	2.0	2.0	2.1
Portuguese	1,655	810	850	1.2	1.2	1.2
American	1,805	835	965	1.3	1.2	1.3
Spanish	1,200	580	620	0.8	0.8	0.9
Swedish	745	325	420	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hungarian	2,400	1,120	1,280	1.7	1.6	1.8
Acadian	420	170	245	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	1,550	785	765	1.1	1.1	1.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,055	535	525	0.7	0.8	0.7
Jewish	1,025	520	495	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	615	350	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Vietnamese	2,605	1,200	1,400	1.8	1.7	1.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	560	270	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	960	455	500	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jamaican	1,115	550	560	0.8	0.8	0.8
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	825	430	390	0.6	0.6	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	455	235	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	640	300	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	525	275	250	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iranian	520	260	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	660	330	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	755	415	340	0.5	0.6	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	440	250	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	540	285	250	0.4	0.4	0.3
Austrian	810	425	385	0.6	0.6	0.5
Belgian	690	345	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	680	385	305	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mexican	500	265	235	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	420	225	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	715	370	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Finnish	685	345	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sri Lankan	375	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatian	595	295	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	285	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	500	235	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	155	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	400	210	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	520	260	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egyptian	415	180	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	260	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	185	60	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombian	425	185	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	520	250	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	425	200	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	470	250	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afghan	1,160	590	570	0.8	0.8	0.8
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	380	200	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	750	390	360	0.5	0.6	0.5
Ojibway	250	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	570	275	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	695	340	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian	210	110	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	325	185	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Turkish	305	165	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	350	200	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	210	85	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	285	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	215	80	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovak	395	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	190	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	285	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	290	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	280	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	340	210	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australian	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	185	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	365	195	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	215	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	150	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	285	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	160	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	385	215	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	360	130	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	260	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrean	1,045	510	535	0.7	0.7	0.7
African Canadian	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	155	110	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
African American	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	195	120	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	180	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	230	100	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	325	170	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	290	125	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	205	110	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Fijian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	65	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	410	230	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	75	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Breton	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	785	450	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
Nicaraguan	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jordanian	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	135	105	35	0.1	0.2	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mayan	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Goan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	141,835	69,475	72,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	2,075	925	1,140	1.5	1.3	1.6
Christian	70,520	32,515	38,005	49.7	46.8	52.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,365	5,095	5,270	7.3	7.3	7.3
Anabaptist	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	5,470	2,430	3,045	3.9	3.5	4.2
Baptist	1,535	695	840	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	33,840	15,650	18,185	23.9	22.5	25.1
Christian Orthodox	2,890	1,410	1,485	2.0	2.0	2.1
Jehovah's Witness	430	180	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,040	455	580	0.7	0.7	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	460	225	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,035	485	555	0.7	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	3,155	1,395	1,755	2.2	2.0	2.4
Reformed	770	375	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
United Church	5,825	2,460	3,365	4.1	3.5	4.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,300	1,485	1,820	2.3	2.1	2.5
Hindu	3,850	2,060	1,795	2.7	3.0	2.5
Jewish	680	355	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	6,420	3,340	3,085	4.5	4.8	4.3
Sikh	2,110	1,080	1,030	1.5	1.6	1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,240	495	745	0.9	0.7	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	54,870	28,685	26,185	38.7	41.3	36.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	140,375	68,765	71,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	121,675	59,575	62,095	86.7	86.6	86.7
Movers	18,700	9,185	9,510	13.3	13.4	13.3
Non-migrants	10,255	5,055	5,200	7.3	7.4	7.3
Migrants	8,445	4,130	4,315	6.0	6.0	6.0
Internal migrants	7,410	3,605	3,805	5.3	5.2	5.3
Intraprovincial migrants	6,905	3,355	3,550	4.9	4.9	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	510	250	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	1,035	525	510	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	134,410	65,745	68,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	78,500	38,245	40,255	58.4	58.2	58.6
Movers	55,915	27,500	28,410	41.6	41.8	41.4
Non-migrants	23,005	11,160	11,845	17.1	17.0	17.3
Migrants	32,910	16,340	16,570	24.5	24.9	24.1
Internal migrants	25,790	12,550	13,240	19.2	19.1	19.3
Intraprovincial migrants	23,660	11,425	12,235	17.6	17.4	17.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,125	1,120	1,005	1.6	1.7	1.5
External migrants	7,115	3,790	3,330	5.3	5.8	4.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	118,355	57,375	60,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,250	9,275	8,970	15.4	16.2	14.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	100,105	48,100	52,010	84.6	83.8	85.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,475	38,080	39,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,065	3,915	3,150	9.1	10.3	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,410	34,170	36,240	90.9	89.7	92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	118,355	57,380	60,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,790	8,430	8,355	14.2	14.7	13.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,075	16,270	15,805	27.1	28.4	25.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	69,490	32,670	36,820	58.7	56.9	60.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,535	14,645	14,895	25.0	25.5	24.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,860	3,345	1,515	4.1	5.8	2.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,365	1,340	1,030	2.0	2.3	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,495	2,010	485	2.1	3.5	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,585	10,325	12,260	19.1	18.0	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,090	970	1,120	1.8	1.7	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	39,955	18,030	21,925	33.8	31.4	36.0
Bachelor's degree	25,250	11,090	14,160	21.3	19.3	23.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,120	840	1,280	1.8	1.5	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	870	435	430	0.7	0.8	0.7
Master's degree	9,070	4,160	4,915	7.7	7.2	8.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,645	1,505	1,140	2.2	2.6	1.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	77,475	38,085	39,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,365	3,550	2,820	8.2	9.3	7.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,765	9,710	8,060	22.9	25.5	20.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,340	24,830	28,515	68.8	65.2	72.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,845	11,005	10,840	28.2	28.9	27.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,325	2,280	1,050	4.3	6.0	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,615	910	710	2.1	2.4	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,715	1,375	340	2.2	3.6	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,120	8,080	9,045	22.1	21.2	23.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,395	650	750	1.8	1.7	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,500	13,820	17,675	40.7	36.3	44.9
Bachelor's degree	19,675	8,585	11,095	25.4	22.5	28.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,670	660	1,010	2.2	1.7	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	685	290	395	0.9	0.8	1.0
Master's degree	7,440	3,250	4,195	9.6	8.5	10.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,030	1,045	985	2.6	2.7	2.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	118,355	57,380	60,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	48,865	24,705	24,160	41.3	43.1	39.6
Education	3,900	895	3,005	3.3	1.6	4.9
13. Education	3,900	895	3,005	3.3	1.6	4.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,725	1,010	1,715	2.3	1.8	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	135	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,555	875	1,680	2.2	1.5	2.8
Humanities	4,505	1,740	2,765	3.8	3.0	4.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	300	60	240	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	1,250	410	835	1.1	0.7	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,120	360	755	0.9	0.6	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	140	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	425	250	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	195	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	740	375	365	0.6	0.7	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	235	45	190	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,715	3,060	6,655	8.2	5.3	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	185	40	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	955	375	580	0.8	0.7	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,830	165	1,670	1.5	0.3	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	860	245	615	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	310	105	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,735	410	1,315	1.5	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	3,840	1,720	2,120	3.2	3.0	3.5
Business, management and public administration	12,445	5,405	7,045	10.5	9.4	11.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,165	250	920	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,260	5,150	6,110	9.5	9.0	10.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,625	2,465	3,160	4.8	4.3	5.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	3,470	1,310	2,160	2.9	2.3	3.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	845	355	485	0.7	0.6	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	145	30	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	1,075	725	350	0.9	1.3	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,000	1,995	1,000	2.5	3.5	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,090	1,520	580	1.8	2.6	1.0
25. Library science	255	60	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	560	360	205	0.5	0.6	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,515	10,930	1,585	10.6	19.0	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	700	455	245	0.6	0.8	0.4
14. Engineering	4,270	3,400	870	3.6	5.9	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,550	2,295	260	2.2	4.0	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,725	1,660	65	1.5	2.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,815	1,760	60	1.5	3.1	0.1
48. Precision production	1,450	1,360	90	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,155	1,555	1,600	2.7	2.7	2.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,290	1,085	1,205	1.9	1.9	2.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	865	470	395	0.7	0.8	0.6
Health and related fields	8,325	1,865	6,465	7.0	3.3	10.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,130	560	570	1.0	1.0	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,965	1,185	5,785	5.9	2.1	9.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,530	1,750	1,780	3.0	3.0	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,740	470	1,270	1.5	0.8	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,285	810	475	1.1	1.4	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	490	450	35	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	55	0	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	77,475	38,085	39,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,130	13,255	10,880	31.1	34.8	27.6
Education	2,710	550	2,155	3.5	1.4	5.5
13. Education	2,710	550	2,155	3.5	1.4	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,145	775	1,375	2.8	2.0	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	85	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,035	690	1,350	2.6	1.8	3.4
Humanities	3,325	1,280	2,045	4.3	3.4	5.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	200	35	165	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	945	330	610	1.2	0.9	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	850	270	575	1.1	0.7	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	320	190	130	0.4	0.5	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	180	105	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	560	285	275	0.7	0.7	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	190	30	155	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,610	2,325	5,285	9.8	6.1	13.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	165	35	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	850	330	520	1.1	0.9	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,400	110	1,295	1.8	0.3	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	660	165	495	0.9	0.4	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	250	85	170	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,280	295	985	1.7	0.8	2.5
45. Social sciences	3,005	1,305	1,700	3.9	3.4	4.3
Business, management and public administration	9,885	4,265	5,625	12.8	11.2	14.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	950	200	760	1.2	0.5	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,920	4,065	4,855	11.5	10.7	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,165	1,705	2,460	5.4	4.5	6.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,590	945	1,645	3.3	2.5	4.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	655	255	400	0.8	0.7	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	115	25	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	735	460	280	0.9	1.2	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,430	1,670	765	3.1	4.4	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,820	1,335	485	2.3	3.5	1.2
25. Library science	160	45	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	390	240	145	0.5	0.6	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,525	8,160	1,365	12.3	21.4	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	580	375	210	0.7	1.0	0.5
14. Engineering	3,410	2,625	790	4.4	6.9	2.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,950	1,725	220	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,200	1,145	60	1.5	3.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,315	1,285	30	1.7	3.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,070	1,005	65	1.4	2.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,500	1,195	1,305	3.2	3.1	3.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,790	800	985	2.3	2.1	2.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	715	395	320	0.9	1.0	0.8
Health and related fields	6,140	1,445	4,690	7.9	3.8	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	890	450	440	1.1	1.2	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,075	925	4,140	6.6	2.4	10.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,860	1,460	1,400	3.7	3.8	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,350	375	975	1.7	1.0	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,110	705	405	1.4	1.9	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	400	375	25	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	77,475	38,085	39,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,130	13,255	10,880	31.1	34.8	27.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	53,345	24,830	28,515	68.9	65.2	72.4
Location of study inside Canada	43,465	20,055	23,410	56.1	52.7	59.4
Same as province or territory of residence	40,705	18,765	21,935	52.5	49.3	55.7
Different than province or territory of residence	2,760	1,290	1,475	3.6	3.4	3.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	9,875	4,770	5,105	12.7	12.5	13.0
Americas	1,990	960	1,035	2.6	2.5	2.6
United States of America	1,350	705	640	1.7	1.9	1.6
Mexico	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Colombia	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	135	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Europe	1,960	1,045	910	2.5	2.7	2.3
Belgium	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	105	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Switzerland	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romania	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian Federation	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	710	405	305	0.9	1.1	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Europe	230	130	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	575	295	280	0.7	0.8	0.7
Nigeria	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	290	155	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	5,150	2,350	2,800	6.6	6.2	7.1
Iran⁸⁸	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	110	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkey	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	670	290	385	0.9	0.8	1.0
Taiwan	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	1,190	495	690	1.5	1.3	1.8
Viet Nam	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	125	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sri Lanka	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	1,915	970	945	2.5	2.5	2.4
Pakistan	335	150	190	0.4	0.4	0.5
Other locations of study in Asia	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	205	120	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australia	175	105	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	118,355	57,380	60,975	...	...	...
In the labour force	79,945	41,250	38,690	...	...	...
Employed	71,280	37,245	34,040	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,660	4,005	4,655	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,410	16,125	22,285	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.5	71.9	63.5	67.5	71.9	63.5
Employment rate	60.2	64.9	55.8	60.2	64.9	55.8
Unemployment rate	10.8	9.7	12.0	10.8	9.7	12.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	118,355	57,380	60,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,580	16,580	22,000	32.6	28.9	36.1
Worked	79,775	40,800	38,975	67.4	71.1	63.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	44,135	24,700	19,435	37.3	43.0	31.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	35,635	16,095	19,540	30.1	28.0	32.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.7	40.6	41.7	42.7	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	79,940	41,255	38,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,765	865	900	2.2	2.1	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	78,175	40,385	37,795	97.8	97.9	97.7
Employee	69,320	35,380	33,945	86.7	85.8	87.7
Permanent position	58,865	30,545	28,325	73.6	74.0	73.2
Temporary position	10,455	4,835	5,615	13.1	11.7	14.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,550	1,490	2,055	4.4	3.6	5.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,905	3,340	3,565	8.6	8.1	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,855	5,005	3,850	11.1	12.1	9.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	79,940	41,255	38,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,765	865	900	2.2	2.1	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	78,175	40,385	37,795	97.8	97.9	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	910	640	270	1.1	1.6	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,580	4,350	8,230	15.7	10.5	21.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,350	5,565	1,785	9.2	13.5	4.6
3 Health occupations	5,465	930	4,530	6.8	2.3	11.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,955	3,635	7,315	13.7	8.8	18.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,450	1,025	1,425	3.1	2.5	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	17,245	7,570	9,670	21.6	18.3	25.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,550	10,290	1,260	14.4	24.9	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,310	875	435	1.6	2.1	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	8,375	5,505	2,865	10.5	13.3	7.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	79,940	41,255	38,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,765	865	900	2.2	2.1	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	78,175	40,385	37,795	97.8	97.9	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	760	355	400	1.0	0.9	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	135	110	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	380	285	95	0.5	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	4,540	3,795	750	5.7	9.2	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	14,385	10,070	4,315	18.0	24.4	11.2
41 Wholesale trade	3,040	1,940	1,100	3.8	4.7	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	8,230	3,940	4,300	10.3	9.6	11.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,290	2,490	795	4.1	6.0	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	1,160	660	500	1.5	1.6	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	3,140	1,415	1,730	3.9	3.4	4.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,300	595	705	1.6	1.4	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,750	3,660	3,085	8.4	8.9	8.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	200	85	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,520	1,520	1,005	3.2	3.7	2.6
61 Educational services	8,590	2,865	5,725	10.7	6.9	14.8
62 Health care and social assistance	8,625	1,420	7,205	10.8	3.4	18.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,370	705	670	1.7	1.7	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,745	1,635	2,105	4.7	4.0	5.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,615	1,075	1,545	3.3	2.6	4.0
91 Public administration	3,390	1,770	1,620	4.2	4.3	4.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	85,280	43,530	41,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	82,185	42,315	39,870	96.4	97.2	95.5
French	190	30	165	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	210	120	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	210	120	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	1,285	460	825	1.5	1.1	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,320	580	750	1.5	1.3	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	85,280	43,530	41,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,860	43,380	41,475	99.5	99.7	99.3
Official languages	84,450	43,145	41,305	99.0	99.1	98.9
English	84,025	43,065	40,965	98.5	98.9	98.1
French	425	80	345	0.5	0.2	0.8
Non-official languages	405	235	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	405	235	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	150	105	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	80	65	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	420	150	275	0.5	0.3	0.7
English and French	145	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	255	100	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	85,280	43,530	41,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	82,960	42,595	40,365	97.3	97.9	96.7
English	400	155	245	0.5	0.4	0.6
French	915	360	550	1.1	0.8	1.3
Non-official language	790	315	475	0.9	0.7	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	790	315	475	0.9	0.7	1.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	71,280	37,245	34,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	18,850	8,590	10,260	26.4	23.1	30.1
Worked outside Canada	200	130	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	6,135	4,485	1,650	8.6	12.0	4.8
Usual place of work	46,090	24,040	22,050	64.7	64.5	64.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	46,090	24,040	22,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	32,180	15,550	16,630	69.8	64.7	75.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,215	1,935	1,275	7.0	8.0	5.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,560	6,485	4,075	22.9	27.0	18.5
Commute to a different province or territory	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	52,230	28,530	23,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	45,645	25,245	20,400	87.4	88.5	86.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	41,495	23,550	17,945	79.4	82.5	75.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,150	1,695	2,450	7.9	5.9	10.3
Public transit	2,335	1,170	1,170	4.5	4.1	4.9
Walked	2,685	1,245	1,440	5.1	4.4	6.1
Bicycle	585	465	120	1.1	1.6	0.5
Other method	975	400	575	1.9	1.4	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	52,230	28,530	23,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,215	10,225	10,985	40.6	35.8	46.4
15 to 29 minutes	16,520	9,250	7,270	31.6	32.4	30.7
30 to 44 minutes	7,335	4,315	3,025	14.0	15.1	12.8
45 to 59 minutes	3,455	2,185	1,270	6.6	7.7	5.4
60 minutes and over	3,700	2,545	1,155	7.1	8.9	4.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	52,230	28,530	23,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,235	2,930	1,310	8.1	10.3	5.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,795	6,260	3,535	18.8	21.9	14.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,780	6,300	5,475	22.6	22.1	23.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,665	4,500	6,165	20.4	15.8	26.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,885	2,700	3,190	11.3	9.5	13.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,865	5,830	4,030	18.9	20.4	17.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	28,775	14,880	13,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,615	1,310	1,305	9.1	8.8	9.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,160	13,570	12,590	90.9	91.2	90.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,785	10,775	10,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,010	990	1,020	9.7	9.2	10.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,225	575	650	5.9	5.3	6.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	785	410	370	3.8	3.8	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,775	9,790	8,990	90.3	90.9	89.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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