Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cape Breton, Regional municipality (RGM)More information: Nova Scotia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	93,694	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	94,285^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.6	...	...	- 0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	46,471	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	42,316	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	38.7	...	...	38.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,419.70	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	93,695	44,885	48,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,750	5,975	5,770	12.5	13.3	11.8
0 to 4 years	3,385	1,735	1,655	3.6	3.9	3.4
5 to 9 years	3,960	1,985	1,975	4.2	4.4	4.0
10 to 14 years	4,400	2,260	2,145	4.7	5.0	4.4
15 to 64 years	56,920	27,550	29,370	60.8	61.4	60.2
15 to 19 years	4,490	2,335	2,155	4.8	5.2	4.4
20 to 24 years	5,090	2,650	2,440	5.4	5.9	5.0
25 to 29 years	5,310	2,740	2,570	5.7	6.1	5.3
30 to 34 years	4,790	2,390	2,400	5.1	5.3	4.9
35 to 39 years	4,660	2,160	2,500	5.0	4.8	5.1
40 to 44 years	4,785	2,190	2,590	5.1	4.9	5.3
45 to 49 years	5,385	2,545	2,840	5.7	5.7	5.8
50 to 54 years	6,035	2,890	3,145	6.4	6.4	6.4
55 to 59 years	7,775	3,565	4,210	8.3	7.9	8.6
60 to 64 years	8,605	4,080	4,525	9.2	9.1	9.3
65 years and over	25,030	11,365	13,665	26.7	25.3	28.0
65 to 69 years	8,095	3,955	4,140	8.6	8.8	8.5
70 to 74 years	6,645	3,215	3,425	7.1	7.2	7.0
75 to 79 years	4,430	1,950	2,480	4.7	4.3	5.1
80 to 84 years	2,995	1,270	1,725	3.2	2.8	3.5
85 years and over	2,860	970	1,890	3.1	2.2	3.9
85 to 89 years	1,780	670	1,115	1.9	1.5	2.3
90 to 94 years	790	220	565	0.8	0.5	1.2
95 to 99 years	255	70	185	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.5	13.3	11.8	12.5	13.3	11.8
15 to 64 years	60.8	61.4	60.2	60.8	61.4	60.2
65 years and over	26.7	25.3	28.0	26.7	25.3	28.0
85 years and over	3.1	2.2	3.9	3.1	2.2	3.9
Average age of the population	46.9	45.7	48.1	46.9	45.7	48.1
Median age of the population	50.4	49.2	52.0	50.4	49.2	52.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	31,105	...	...	73.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,815	...	...	6.7	...	...
Row house	705	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,800	...	...	4.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,455	...	...	10.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,155	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,055	...	...	33.2	...	...
2 persons	15,795	...	...	37.3	...	...
3 persons	6,430	...	...	15.2	...	...
4 persons	4,025	...	...	9.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,015	...	...	4.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	92,020	44,190	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	81,945	38,915	43,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	41,225	20,575	20,650	50.3	52.9	48.0
Married	33,870	16,905	16,965	41.3	43.4	39.4
Living common-law	7,350	3,670	3,680	9.0	9.4	8.6
Living common law - Never married	5,160	2,555	2,600	6.3	6.6	6.0
Living common law - Separated	405	200	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,530	805	725	1.9	2.1	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	255	105	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	40,725	18,340	22,390	49.7	47.1	52.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,080	13,215	11,865	30.6	34.0	27.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,100	1,295	1,800	3.8	3.3	4.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,530	2,180	3,345	6.7	5.6	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,025	1,645	5,375	8.6	4.2	12.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,405	...	...	60.6	...	...
3 persons	5,970	...	...	22.1	...	...
4 persons	3,390	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,300	...	...	4.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,130	...	...	74.4	...	...
Married couples	16,455	...	...	60.8	...	...
With children⁶	6,605	...	...	24.4	...	...
Without children	9,850	...	...	36.4	...	...
Common-law couples	3,680	...	...	13.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,490	...	...	5.5	...	...
Without children	2,185	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,935	...	...	25.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,580	...	...	20.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,355	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	71,170	34,485	36,680	77.3	78.0	76.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,260	20,110	20,155	43.8	45.5	42.1
Parents in one-parent families	6,940	1,360	5,580	7.5	3.1	11.7
Children⁶	23,970	13,020	10,950	26.0	29.5	22.9
In a two-parent family	13,415	7,195	6,220	14.6	16.3	13.0
In a one-parent family	10,555	5,825	4,730	11.5	13.2	9.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,845	9,700	11,145	22.7	22.0	23.3
Living alone	14,050	6,170	7,885	15.3	14.0	16.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,580	1,110	1,475	2.8	2.5	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	4,215	2,430	1,790	4.6	5.5	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,895	...	...	56.5	...	...
Couple-family households	18,405	...	...	43.5	...	...
With children⁶	7,390	...	...	17.5	...	...
Without children	11,015	...	...	26.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,490	...	...	13.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,135	...	...	2.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,220	...	...	2.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,895	...	...	4.5	...	...
One-person households	14,050	...	...	33.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	80,275	38,215	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,560	36,865	40,695	96.6	96.5	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,400	32,800	34,400	36,400	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,580	36,885	40,700	96.6	96.5	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	32,800	30,000	31,400	32,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,850	30,570	32,280	78.3	80.0	76.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,600	27,800	24,000	25,600	27,800	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,415	23,450	23,970	59.1	61.4	57.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,800	29,200	26,600	27,800	29,200	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,040	31,490	36,545	84.8	82.4	86.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,800	15,500	14,100	14,800	15,500	14,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,380	8,770	7,615	20.4	22.9	18.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,450	9,300	6,280	7,450	9,300	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,640	10,590	11,050	27.0	27.7	26.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	80,260	38,200	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,600	36,925	40,680	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,160	46,000	38,640	42,160	46,000	38,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,620	36,940	40,680	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,840	38,320	33,600	35,840	38,320	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,010	30,730	32,280	78.5	80.4	76.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,880	39,880	32,080	35,880	39,880	32,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,425	23,445	23,975	59.1	61.4	57.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	41,120	34,520	37,800	41,120	34,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,115	31,605	36,505	84.9	82.7	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,820	14,980	14,680	14,820	14,980	14,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,380	8,750	7,625	20.4	22.9	18.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,560	10,690	8,270	9,560	10,690	8,270
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,525	10,355	11,170	26.8	27.1	26.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,170	8,830	9,490	9,170	8,830	9,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	80,260	38,205	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,400	9,295	10,110	24.2	24.3	24.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	57,600	51,200	54,000	57,600	51,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,900	65,900	56,300	60,900	65,900	56,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,940	10,450	10,495	26.1	27.4	25.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	17,800	15,000	16,200	17,800	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	27,280	19,960	23,600	27,280	19,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	69.2	72.2	65.8	69.2	72.2	65.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.8	56.7	52.7	54.8	56.7	52.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	30.9	27.9	34.1	30.9	27.9	34.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.8	5.5	4.0	4.8	5.5	4.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.1	6.2	8.1	7.1	6.2	8.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.0	5.4	6.7	6.0	5.4	6.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	80,275	38,220	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,710	1,350	1,365	3.4	3.5	3.2
With total income	77,560	36,865	40,690	96.6	96.5	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,045	2,760	3,280	7.8	7.5	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	10,725	4,360	6,365	13.8	11.8	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	16,380	7,490	8,885	21.1	20.3	21.8
$30,000 to $39,999	12,025	5,710	6,320	15.5	15.5	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	9,770	4,445	5,325	12.6	12.1	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,930	3,275	3,655	8.9	8.9	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,645	2,480	2,165	6.0	6.7	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,135	1,800	1,335	4.0	4.9	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,335	1,220	1,115	3.0	3.3	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,925	920	1,000	2.5	2.5	2.5
$100,000 and over	3,650	2,405	1,240	4.7	6.5	3.0
$100,000 to $149,999	2,735	1,685	1,050	3.5	4.6	2.6
$150,000 and over	910	720	195	1.2	2.0	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	80,275	38,220	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,690	1,335	1,360	3.4	3.5	3.2
With after-tax income	77,580	36,880	40,695	96.6	96.5	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,315	2,850	3,465	8.1	7.7	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	11,265	4,635	6,625	14.5	12.6	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	19,065	8,845	10,220	24.6	24.0	25.1
$30,000 to $39,999	14,245	6,835	7,415	18.4	18.5	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	10,415	4,865	5,550	13.4	13.2	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,490	3,390	3,095	8.4	9.2	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,895	2,040	1,850	5.0	5.5	4.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,650	1,255	1,395	3.4	3.4	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,255	725	525	1.6	2.0	1.3
$90,000 to $99,999	675	440	230	0.9	1.2	0.6
$100,000 and over	1,315	990	320	1.7	2.7	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	730	535	195	0.9	1.5	0.5
$125,000 and over	580	450	125	0.7	1.2	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	80,275	38,220	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,855	14,765	18,085	40.9	38.6	43.0
With employment income	47,415	23,450	23,965	59.1	61.4	57.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,775	3,250	3,525	14.3	13.9	14.7
$5,000 to $9,999	4,325	2,010	2,320	9.1	8.6	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,840	3,880	3,965	16.5	16.5	16.5
$20,000 to $29,999	5,940	2,795	3,145	12.5	11.9	13.1
$30,000 to $39,999	4,660	2,215	2,450	9.8	9.4	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,410	1,920	2,490	9.3	8.2	10.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,215	1,640	1,575	6.8	7.0	6.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,635	1,455	1,180	5.6	6.2	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,865	1,055	810	3.9	4.5	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,665	790	880	3.5	3.4	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,555	705	845	3.3	3.0	3.5
$100,000 and over	2,525	1,740	785	5.3	7.4	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,380	855	525	2.9	3.6	2.2
$125,000 and over	1,145	880	265	2.4	3.8	1.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	80,275	38,215	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,925	35,950	39,980	94.6	94.1	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,000	29,400	32,400	36,000	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,965	35,955	40,020	94.6	94.1	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,600	32,000	27,400	29,600	32,000	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,740	30,460	32,275	78.2	79.7	76.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	30,200	24,800	27,200	30,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,565	23,905	24,660	60.5	62.6	58.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	32,000	27,000	29,400	32,000	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,825	28,610	34,215	78.3	74.9	81.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,400	12,200	10,900	11,400	12,200	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	15,930	8,610	7,310	19.8	22.5	17.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	10,300	7,350	8,800	10,300	7,350
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	80,260	38,200	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,140	36,120	40,020	94.9	94.6	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,360	45,280	35,880	40,360	45,280	35,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,170	36,125	40,045	94.9	94.6	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,160	37,480	31,120	34,160	37,480	31,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,810	30,500	32,315	78.3	79.8	76.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,960	42,040	32,120	36,960	42,040	32,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,575	23,845	24,725	60.5	62.4	58.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,520	43,240	33,920	38,520	43,240	33,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,845	28,715	34,130	78.3	75.2	81.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,970	12,310	11,680	11,970	12,310	11,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,850	8,505	7,350	19.7	22.3	17.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,750	9,130	10,000	10,750	9,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	80,260	38,205	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,315	9,240	10,080	24.1	24.2	24.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,400	54,800	46,000	50,400	54,800	46,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,100	62,350	52,300	57,100	62,350	52,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,750	9,930	9,825	24.6	26.0	23.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	22,400	18,400	20,200	22,400	18,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,400	34,920	23,820	29,400	34,920	23,820
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	75.6	78.4	72.2	75.6	78.4	72.2
Employment income (%)	60.9	63.1	58.4	60.9	63.1	58.4
Government transfers (%)	24.5	21.6	27.8	24.5	21.6	27.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.2	5.6	4.7	5.2	5.6	4.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	55,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...	31,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,000	...	...	29,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,300	...	...	77,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,800	...	...	65,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,040	...	...	39,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,680	...	...	33,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,300	...	...	96,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,700	...	...	81,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	250	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,190	...	...	2.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	895	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,075	...	...	7.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,225	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,005	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,305	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,245	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,000	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,795	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,295	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,975	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,540	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,265	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,910	...	...	25.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,040	...	...	9.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,590	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,665	...	...	6.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,615	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,200	...	...	2.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	940	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,285	...	...	7.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,620	...	...	6.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,370	...	...	5.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,580	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,595	...	...	6.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,305	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,290	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,835	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,270	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,625	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,150	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,595	...	...	17.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,625	...	...	8.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,945	...	...	4.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,020	...	...	4.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,270	8,595	9,675	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,600	30,000	29,000	29,600	30,000	29,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,000	28,400	27,600	28,000	28,400	27,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...	96,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...	81,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,100	...	...	88,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...	73,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...	131,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...	66,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,700	...	...	59,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,165	8,530	9,630	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,480	36,080	36,760	37,480	36,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,960	32,200	31,720	31,960	32,200	31,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	92,015	44,190	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,450	7,345	7,105	15.7	16.6	14.9
0 to 5 years	4,205	2,150	2,055	4.6	4.9	4.3
18 to 64 years	53,780	25,905	27,880	58.4	58.6	58.3
65 years and over	23,790	10,940	12,845	25.9	24.8	26.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,965	7,145	8,820	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,165	1,675	1,490	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,040	560	480	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,735	3,570	4,165	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,065	1,900	3,170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.2	18.4	17.4	16.2	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	21.9	22.8	21.0	21.9	22.8	21.0
0 to 5 years (%)	24.8	26.0	23.4	24.8	26.0	23.4
18 to 64 years (%)	14.4	13.8	14.9	14.4	13.8	14.9
65 years and over (%)	21.3	17.3	24.7	21.3	17.3	24.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,445	7,345	7,100	15.7	16.6	14.8
0 to 5 years	4,205	2,150	2,060	4.6	4.9	4.3
18 to 64 years	53,785	25,900	27,880	58.4	58.6	58.3
65 years and over	23,785	10,945	12,845	25.8	24.8	26.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,725	2,430	2,295	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	690	360	330	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	210	115	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,720	1,950	1,770	...	...	...
65 years and over	315	120	195	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1	5.5	4.8	5.1	5.5	4.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	4.9	4.6	4.8	4.9	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	5.3	4.7	5.0	5.3	4.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.9	7.5	6.4	6.9	7.5	6.4
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	92,015	44,190	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,910	28,205	31,705	65.1	63.8	66.3
In bottom decile	13,840	6,420	7,415	15.0	14.5	15.5
In second decile	14,220	6,525	7,690	15.5	14.8	16.1
In third decile	11,825	5,605	6,215	12.9	12.7	13.0
In fourth decile	10,585	5,020	5,565	11.5	11.4	11.6
In fifth decile	9,445	4,625	4,820	10.3	10.5	10.1
In top half of the distribution	32,105	15,985	16,120	34.9	36.2	33.7
In sixth decile	8,820	4,275	4,545	9.6	9.7	9.5
In seventh decile	7,945	3,955	3,985	8.6	8.9	8.3
In eighth decile	6,560	3,285	3,280	7.1	7.4	6.9
In ninth decile	5,390	2,735	2,655	5.9	6.2	5.6
In top decile	3,390	1,730	1,655	3.7	3.9	3.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	92,020	...	...	92,020	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.496	...	...	0.496	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	92,280	44,270	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	88,160	42,545	45,620	95.5	96.1	95.0
French only	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,995	1,665	2,330	4.3	3.8	4.9
Neither English nor French	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	92,280	44,270	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	91,480	43,900	47,580	99.1	99.2	99.1
French	640	295	345	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	92,280	44,270	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	91,430	43,820	47,610	99.1	99.0	99.2
Official languages	88,510	42,240	46,275	95.9	95.4	96.4
English	87,805	41,915	45,890	95.2	94.7	95.6
French	710	325	385	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official languages	2,920	1,585	1,335	3.2	3.6	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,815	1,535	1,280	3.1	3.5	2.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	440	285	155	0.5	0.6	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	400	270	130	0.4	0.6	0.3
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,440	785	655	1.6	1.8	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	135	70	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,020	585	440	1.1	1.3	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	995	575	425	1.1	1.3	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	165	105	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	635	345	295	0.7	0.8	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	435	225	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Chinese languages	435	225	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	375	195	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	850	450	400	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and French	265	115	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	535	295	235	0.6	0.7	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	92,280	44,270	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	88,415	42,240	46,175	95.8	95.4	96.2
French	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	800	445	360	0.9	1.0	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	780	430	350	0.8	1.0	0.7
English and French	555	250	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,205	1,200	1,005	2.4	2.7	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	92,280	44,270	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	91,705	43,930	47,775	99.4	99.2	99.5
Official languages	90,020	42,990	47,025	97.6	97.1	97.9
English	89,820	42,900	46,920	97.3	96.9	97.7
French	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	1,685	940	750	1.8	2.1	1.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq	45	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,640	915	725	1.8	2.1	1.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	275	180	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	260	175	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	775	420	355	0.8	0.9	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	670	380	290	0.7	0.9	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	650	365	280	0.7	0.8	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470	265	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	175	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Chinese languages	315	175	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	285	155	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	575	340	235	0.6	0.8	0.5
English and French	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	470	290	180	0.5	0.7	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	92,280	44,270	48,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	89,775	43,000	46,775	97.3	97.1	97.4
English	715	400	310	0.8	0.9	0.6
French	460	195	265	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	970	470	500	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	890	445	450	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	155	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	91,880	44,105	47,775	99.8	99.8	99.9
English	91,855	44,095	47,760	99.8	99.8	99.9
French	4,010	1,725	2,280	4.4	3.9	4.8
Non-official languages	4,370	2,360	2,010	4.7	5.3	4.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	230	120	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Algonquian languages	230	120	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	225	115	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq	225	115	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,150	2,240	1,900	4.5	5.1	4.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	165	70	0.3	0.4	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	230	160	70	0.2	0.4	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	220	155	65	0.2	0.4	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	615	375	240	0.7	0.8	0.5
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	535	340	195	0.6	0.8	0.4
Tamil	75	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,270	1,270	1,000	2.5	2.9	2.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	255	155	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	185	110	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,425	825	595	1.5	1.9	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,390	810	585	1.5	1.8	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	100	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	975	585	395	1.1	1.3	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	815	460	350	0.9	1.0	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	325	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	490	260	235	0.5	0.6	0.5
Chinese languages	480	255	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	450	240	205	0.5	0.5	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,900	1,395	1,510	3.2	3.2	3.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,735	1,310	1,430	3.0	3.0	3.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,500	700	800	1.6	1.6	1.7
Métis	1,165	570	595	1.3	1.3	1.2
Inuk (Inuit)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	89,120	42,800	46,320	96.8	96.9	96.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	880	445	435	1.0	1.0	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	91,135	43,745	47,390	99.0	99.0	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,100	...	...	71.1	...	...
Renter	12,215	...	...	28.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	560	...	...	1.3	...	...
Not condominium	41,755	...	...	98.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	4,345	...	...	10.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,535	...	...	27.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,900	...	...	42.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,435	...	...	19.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,905	...	...	21.0	...	...
5 rooms	7,555	...	...	17.9	...	...
6 rooms	7,915	...	...	18.7	...	...
7 rooms	6,380	...	...	15.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,560	...	...	27.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,100	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,820	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,490	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	15,765	...	...	37.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,875	...	...	30.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,095	...	...	12.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,840	...	...	9.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,160	...	...	2.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,270	...	...	3.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,230	...	...	2.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,080	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	38,385	...	...	90.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,925	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	24,280	...	...	57.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,430	...	...	38.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,605	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	945	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,190	...	...	9.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,170	...	...	12.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,395	...	...	15.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,500	...	...	22.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,405	...	...	22.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,970	...	...	11.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,730	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	35,415	...	...	83.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,815	...	...	16.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,265	...	...	14.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,070	...	...	26.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,835	...	...	13.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,190	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,905	...	...	6.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	115	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	840	...	...	2.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	31,245	...	...	73.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,515	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not in core need	38,165	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,045	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	46.4	...	...	46.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	710	...	...	710	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	891	...	...	891	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	160,000	...	...	160,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	183,600	...	...	183,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,215	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	24.2	...	...	24.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.2	...	...	32.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.9	...	...	18.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	827	...	...	827	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	92,015	44,185	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	995	480	510	1.1	1.1	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	985	480	505	1.1	1.1	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	750	360	395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis single ancestry	220	115	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,965	1,435	1,530	3.2	3.2	3.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,920	1,410	1,515	3.2	3.2	3.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,040	965	1,075	2.2	2.2	2.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	810	405	410	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	88,055	42,270	45,780	95.7	95.7	95.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	92,015	44,185	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	88,915	42,440	46,470	96.6	96.1	97.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,290	7,195	7,095	15.5	16.3	14.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,615	35,245	39,375	81.1	79.8	82.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,105	1,750	1,355	3.4	4.0	2.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	92,015	44,185	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,565	41,780	45,785	95.2	94.6	95.7
Immigrants⁸¹	2,120	1,060	1,055	2.3	2.4	2.2
Before 1980	770	360	410	0.8	0.8	0.9
1980 to 1990	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
1991 to 2000	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
2001 to 2010	355	160	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	680	390	295	0.7	0.9	0.6
2011 to 2015	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
2016 to 2021	405	250	150	0.4	0.6	0.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,330	1,345	985	2.5	3.0	2.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,120	1,065	1,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	295	135	160	13.9	12.7	15.2
5 to 14 years	370	200	175	17.5	18.8	16.6
15 to 24 years	415	195	220	19.6	18.3	20.9
25 to 44 years	905	445	460	42.7	41.8	43.6
45 years and over	130	90	45	6.1	8.5	4.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,120	1,065	1,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	455	220	235	21.5	20.7	22.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	20	0	1.2	1.9	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
United States of America	350	160	185	16.5	15.0	17.5
Other places of birth in Americas	40	25	20	1.9	2.3	1.9
Europe	740	365	375	34.9	34.3	35.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	90	35	55	4.2	3.3	5.2
Greece	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.7	0.9	0.0
Italy	35	20	10	1.7	1.9	0.9
Netherlands	50	40	10	2.4	3.8	0.9
Poland	25	0	20	1.2	0.0	1.9
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	370	165	205	17.5	15.5	19.4
Other places of birth in Europe	115	60	50	5.4	5.6	4.7
Africa	205	120	85	9.7	11.3	8.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	30	10	1.7	2.8	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	25	10	10	1.2	0.9	0.9
Nigeria	65	25	40	3.1	2.3	3.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	35	15	2.6	3.3	1.4
Asia	700	340	355	33.0	31.9	33.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	1.7	1.4	1.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	120	60	60	5.7	5.6	5.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	2.1	1.9	2.4
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Philippines	205	95	110	9.7	8.9	10.4
Viet Nam	35	15	20	1.7	1.4	1.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	105	50	55	5.0	4.7	5.2
Pakistan	45	25	15	2.1	2.3	1.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	35	30	3.3	3.3	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	15	10	0.9	1.4	0.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	405	255	150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	40	30	15	9.9	11.8	10.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	2.5	3.9	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	25	10	10	6.2	3.9	6.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	65	50	15	16.0	19.6	10.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	4.9	3.9	6.7
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	25	0	6.2	9.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	55	25	25	13.6	9.8	16.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	10	4.9	5.9	6.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	10	15	7.4	3.9	10.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	240	145	95	59.3	56.9	63.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	25	20	11.1	9.8	13.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	40	15	13.6	15.7	10.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	85	55	30	21.0	21.6	20.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	2.5	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	2.5	3.9	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	2.5	3.9	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,825	2,565	2,260	5.2	5.8	4.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,275	2,035	2,240	4.6	4.6	4.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	82,915	39,585	43,330	90.1	89.6	90.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,350	700	645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	805	455	345	59.6	65.0	53.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	415	295	120	30.7	42.1	18.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	395	165	230	29.3	23.6	35.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	455	200	260	33.7	28.6	40.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	85	45	40	6.3	6.4	6.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,350	700	645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	10	1.9	1.4	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	315	200	120	23.3	28.6	18.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	55	40	7.0	7.9	6.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130	85	50	9.6	12.1	7.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	780	355	425	57.8	50.7	65.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,930	2,595	2,335	5.4	5.9	4.9
South Asian	1,985	1,135	845	2.2	2.6	1.8
Chinese	615	315	295	0.7	0.7	0.6
Black	1,250	620	630	1.4	1.4	1.3
Filipino	340	155	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab	220	140	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin American	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	140	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Asian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	87,085	41,590	45,495	94.6	94.1	95.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	92,015	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,965	7,150	7,815	16.3	16.2	16.3
English	19,715	9,325	10,385	21.4	21.1	21.7
Irish	21,980	10,210	11,770	23.9	23.1	24.6
Scottish	36,110	17,025	19,085	39.2	38.5	39.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	13,350	6,285	7,055	14.5	14.2	14.8
German	2,965	1,395	1,565	3.2	3.2	3.3
Chinese	575	285	295	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italian	3,605	1,775	1,835	3.9	4.0	3.8
Indian (India)	1,295	705	590	1.4	1.6	1.2
Ukrainian	1,340	675	665	1.5	1.5	1.4
Dutch	1,115	510	600	1.2	1.2	1.3
Polish	2,245	1,195	1,055	2.4	2.7	2.2
Québécois	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,285	630	650	1.4	1.4	1.4
Filipino	285	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
French Canadian	285	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	4,875	2,260	2,610	5.3	5.1	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	990	485	505	1.1	1.1	1.1
Métis	1,080	535	545	1.2	1.2	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,635	1,305	1,325	2.9	3.0	2.8
Russian	235	125	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	385	155	230	0.4	0.4	0.5
Welsh	1,550	690	865	1.7	1.6	1.8
Portuguese	145	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
American	255	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	360	160	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	285	95	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hungarian	405	210	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Acadian	2,210	1,020	1,190	2.4	2.3	2.5
Pakistani	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	345	200	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jewish	180	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	255	180	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Vietnamese	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Greek	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	295	180	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	130	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Lebanese	895	495	400	1.0	1.1	0.8
Iranian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	300	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Danish	200	65	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	630	280	350	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sikh	160	110	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austrian	225	140	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Belgian	490	245	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	185	115	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Finnish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	935	450	485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	195	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	1,465	650	815	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	2,015	995	1,015	2.2	2.3	2.1
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	175	70	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	220	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	3,930	1,935	1,990	4.3	4.4	4.2
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	92,020	44,190	47,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	69,550	32,155	37,395	75.6	72.8	78.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,740	1,325	1,415	3.0	3.0	3.0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	6,140	2,880	3,260	6.7	6.5	6.8
Baptist	790	320	465	0.9	0.7	1.0
Catholic	46,540	21,610	24,930	50.6	48.9	52.1
Christian Orthodox	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	275	125	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	490	210	285	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	300	125	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Presbyterian	2,265	980	1,285	2.5	2.2	2.7
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	6,155	2,730	3,430	6.7	6.2	7.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,460	1,685	1,780	3.8	3.8	3.7
Hindu	705	425	280	0.8	1.0	0.6
Jewish	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	455	275	180	0.5	0.6	0.4
Sikh	575	315	260	0.6	0.7	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	405	150	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	20,125	10,795	9,330	21.9	24.4	19.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	91,375	43,865	47,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	83,420	39,875	43,545	91.3	90.9	91.7
Movers	7,950	3,990	3,960	8.7	9.1	8.3
Non-migrants	5,570	2,765	2,805	6.1	6.3	5.9
Migrants	2,380	1,220	1,160	2.6	2.8	2.4
Internal migrants	2,035	1,030	1,005	2.2	2.3	2.1
Intraprovincial migrants	750	350	405	0.8	0.8	0.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,280	675	605	1.4	1.5	1.3
External migrants	345	195	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	88,615	42,400	46,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,955	31,005	33,950	73.3	73.1	73.5
Movers	23,665	11,395	12,270	26.7	26.9	26.5
Non-migrants	15,400	7,080	8,315	17.4	16.7	18.0
Migrants	8,265	4,315	3,950	9.3	10.2	8.5
Internal migrants	5,770	2,910	2,860	6.5	6.9	6.2
Intraprovincial migrants	2,225	1,070	1,155	2.5	2.5	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	3,545	1,840	1,705	4.0	4.3	3.7
External migrants	2,495	1,405	1,090	2.8	3.3	2.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,260	38,205	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,315	9,030	8,285	21.6	23.6	19.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,945	29,175	33,770	78.4	76.4	80.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,960	22,190	24,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,730	3,340	2,390	12.2	15.1	9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	41,230	18,860	22,375	87.8	85.0	90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	80,260	38,200	42,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,235	7,595	7,640	19.0	19.9	18.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,900	10,955	11,945	28.5	28.7	28.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,120	19,650	22,470	52.5	51.4	53.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,295	13,855	14,435	35.3	36.3	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,720	6,695	2,025	10.9	17.5	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,480	2,880	1,595	5.6	7.5	3.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,235	3,815	420	5.3	10.0	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,150	6,115	11,030	21.4	16.0	26.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,425	1,045	1,385	3.0	2.7	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,830	5,790	8,035	17.2	15.2	19.1
Bachelor's degree	9,440	3,850	5,600	11.8	10.1	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,410	700	710	1.8	1.8	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	425	230	190	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	2,310	870	1,440	2.9	2.3	3.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	145	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,960	22,195	24,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,890	2,790	2,095	10.4	12.6	8.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,865	6,285	6,585	27.4	28.3	26.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,200	13,120	16,080	62.2	59.1	64.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,995	9,190	9,810	40.4	41.4	39.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,475	4,220	1,260	11.7	19.0	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,765	1,780	980	5.9	8.0	4.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,715	2,435	275	5.8	11.0	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,045	4,305	7,740	25.6	19.4	31.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,475	670	810	3.1	3.0	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,200	3,930	6,270	21.7	17.7	25.3
Bachelor's degree	6,995	2,645	4,350	14.9	11.9	17.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,010	495	515	2.2	2.2	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	155	150	0.6	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	1,725	550	1,170	3.7	2.5	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	165	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	80,260	38,205	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	38,135	18,555	19,585	47.5	48.6	46.6
Education	3,485	955	2,535	4.3	2.5	6.0
13. Education	3,485	955	2,535	4.3	2.5	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	520	305	220	0.6	0.8	0.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	65	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	445	230	215	0.6	0.6	0.5
Humanities	1,370	635	740	1.7	1.7	1.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	240	95	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530	235	295	0.7	0.6	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	95	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	280	145	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,735	930	2,810	4.7	2.4	6.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	310	130	185	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,350	185	1,165	1.7	0.5	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	555	155	395	0.7	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	720	150	565	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	745	270	470	0.9	0.7	1.1
Business, management and public administration	8,255	2,490	5,770	10.3	6.5	13.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	715	170	540	0.9	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,530	2,315	5,210	9.4	6.1	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	995	510	485	1.2	1.3	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	165	205	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	360	175	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	180	135	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,030	615	415	1.3	1.6	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	935	580	355	1.2	1.5	0.8
25. Library science	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,160	9,600	560	12.7	25.1	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	1,090	945	145	1.4	2.5	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,100	1,890	205	2.6	4.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,280	3,220	55	4.1	8.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,255	2,165	90	2.8	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,390	1,340	55	1.7	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	470	240	235	0.6	0.6	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	85	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	225	155	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	8,480	1,255	7,230	10.6	3.3	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,125	1,050	7,075	10.1	2.7	16.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,610	2,130	1,480	4.5	5.6	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,875	540	1,340	2.3	1.4	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	585	490	95	0.7	1.3	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,125	1,085	45	1.4	2.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,960	22,195	24,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,760	9,075	8,685	37.8	40.9	35.1
Education	1,980	455	1,525	4.2	2.1	6.2
13. Education	1,980	455	1,525	4.2	2.1	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	445	255	185	0.9	1.1	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	390	210	180	0.8	0.9	0.7
Humanities	870	345	525	1.9	1.6	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	130	35	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	365	140	230	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	55	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	180	85	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,005	685	2,320	6.4	3.1	9.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	110	140	0.5	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,090	135	955	2.3	0.6	3.9
22. Legal professions and studies	460	115	345	1.0	0.5	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	575	115	465	1.2	0.5	1.9
45. Social sciences	585	185	405	1.2	0.8	1.6
Business, management and public administration	5,610	1,605	4,010	11.9	7.2	16.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	500	90	415	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,100	1,515	3,585	10.9	6.8	14.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	675	335	340	1.4	1.5	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	285	130	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	220	100	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	120	85	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	850	515	335	1.8	2.3	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	795	505	290	1.7	2.3	1.2
25. Library science	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,650	6,220	430	14.2	28.0	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	800	685	115	1.7	3.1	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,295	1,135	155	2.8	5.1	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,135	2,095	35	4.5	9.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,510	1,450	65	3.2	6.5	0.3
48. Precision production	875	830	40	1.9	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	350	180	165	0.7	0.8	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	180	60	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	115	45	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	5,995	910	5,085	12.8	4.1	20.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	80	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,765	790	4,975	12.3	3.6	20.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,780	1,610	1,170	5.9	7.3	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,415	375	1,040	3.0	1.7	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	480	390	90	1.0	1.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	860	825	35	1.8	3.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,960	22,195	24,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,760	9,075	8,685	37.8	40.9	35.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	29,200	13,115	16,085	62.2	59.1	65.0
Location of study inside Canada	27,725	12,370	15,355	59.0	55.7	62.0
Same as province or territory of residence	23,990	10,445	13,545	51.1	47.1	54.7
Different than province or territory of residence	3,735	1,920	1,815	8.0	8.7	7.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,480	750	725	3.2	3.4	2.9
Americas	375	165	210	0.8	0.7	0.8
United States of America	355	160	195	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	155	90	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	55	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	860	445	415	1.8	2.0	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	160	65	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	495	290	200	1.1	1.3	0.8
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oceania	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Australia	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	80,260	38,200	42,060	...	...	...
In the labour force	41,585	20,740	20,840	...	...	...
Employed	33,470	16,080	17,395	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,115	4,665	3,445	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,675	17,460	21,210	...	...	...
Participation rate	51.8	54.3	49.5	51.8	54.3	49.5
Employment rate	41.7	42.1	41.4	41.7	42.1	41.4
Unemployment rate	19.5	22.5	16.5	19.5	22.5	16.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	80,260	38,205	42,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,260	17,555	20,705	47.7	45.9	49.2
Worked	42,000	20,650	21,350	52.3	54.1	50.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,920	9,580	10,345	24.8	25.1	24.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,075	11,070	11,005	27.5	29.0	26.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.3	37.4	39.3	38.3	37.4	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	41,585	20,745	20,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,620	950	675	3.9	4.6	3.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	39,960	19,790	20,170	96.1	95.4	96.8
Employee	36,980	17,835	19,140	88.9	86.0	91.8
Permanent position	27,045	12,605	14,440	65.0	60.8	69.3
Temporary position	9,935	5,235	4,700	23.9	25.2	22.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,735	720	1,010	4.2	3.5	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,200	4,510	3,690	19.7	21.7	17.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,980	1,955	1,025	7.2	9.4	4.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	41,585	20,745	20,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,620	950	675	3.9	4.6	3.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	39,960	19,790	20,170	96.1	95.4	96.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	185	105	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,595	1,495	4,100	13.5	7.2	19.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,465	1,200	265	3.5	5.8	1.3
3 Health occupations	5,225	965	4,265	12.6	4.7	20.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,285	1,780	3,505	12.7	8.6	16.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	675	280	395	1.6	1.3	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	12,180	5,365	6,815	29.3	25.9	32.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,785	6,410	375	16.3	30.9	1.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,355	1,175	175	3.3	5.7	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,205	1,010	195	2.9	4.9	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	41,585	20,745	20,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,620	950	675	3.9	4.6	3.2
All industries¹⁹¹	39,960	19,790	20,170	96.1	95.4	96.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,220	1,000	215	2.9	4.8	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	570	520	50	1.4	2.5	0.2
22 Utilities	405	370	35	1.0	1.8	0.2
23 Construction	3,070	2,780	295	7.4	13.4	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,340	1,085	250	3.2	5.2	1.2
41 Wholesale trade	515	430	90	1.2	2.1	0.4
44-45 Retail trade	5,355	2,450	2,910	12.9	11.8	14.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,705	1,270	435	4.1	6.1	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	375	215	165	0.9	1.0	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	735	235	495	1.8	1.1	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	320	230	90	0.8	1.1	0.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,485	840	640	3.6	4.0	3.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,700	1,585	1,115	6.5	7.6	5.3
61 Educational services	3,135	980	2,155	7.5	4.7	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	8,125	1,610	6,510	19.5	7.8	31.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	745	385	360	1.8	1.9	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,035	1,390	1,645	7.3	6.7	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,590	810	780	3.8	3.9	3.7
91 Public administration	3,520	1,600	1,915	8.5	7.7	9.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	45,575	22,610	22,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	44,625	22,180	22,445	97.9	98.1	97.7
French	120	55	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	505	200	305	1.1	0.9	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	280	160	125	0.6	0.7	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	45,575	22,610	22,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,430	22,555	22,875	99.7	99.8	99.6
Official languages	45,355	22,525	22,830	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	45,125	22,435	22,690	99.0	99.2	98.8
French	230	90	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official languages	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	145	55	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	110	40	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	45,575	22,610	22,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	44,900	22,295	22,610	98.5	98.6	98.5
English	145	50	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	295	125	170	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	185	105	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	150	90	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	33,470	16,080	17,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,155	1,660	2,495	12.4	10.3	14.3
Worked outside Canada	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,680	3,335	1,345	14.0	20.7	7.7
Usual place of work	24,605	11,060	13,550	73.5	68.8	77.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	24,605	11,060	13,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,590	9,955	12,630	91.8	90.0	93.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	340	140	195	1.4	1.3	1.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	505	285	225	2.1	2.6	1.7
Commute to a different province or territory	1,170	675	500	4.8	6.1	3.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	29,285	14,395	14,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,915	13,115	13,805	91.9	91.1	92.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,575	12,200	12,375	83.9	84.8	83.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,345	915	1,425	8.0	6.4	9.6
Public transit	560	335	220	1.9	2.3	1.5
Walked	995	465	530	3.4	3.2	3.6
Bicycle	55	50	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other method	765	430	335	2.6	3.0	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	29,285	14,395	14,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,575	6,130	7,440	46.4	42.6	50.0
15 to 29 minutes	10,425	5,125	5,300	35.6	35.6	35.6
30 to 44 minutes	3,755	2,100	1,660	12.8	14.6	11.1
45 to 59 minutes	770	495	275	2.6	3.4	1.8
60 minutes and over	760	545	215	2.6	3.8	1.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	29,285	14,395	14,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,475	1,000	475	5.0	6.9	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,235	2,890	2,345	17.9	20.1	15.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,215	4,060	4,150	28.1	28.2	27.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,340	3,010	4,330	25.1	20.9	29.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,010	1,370	1,645	10.3	9.5	11.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,005	2,065	1,940	13.7	14.3	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,760	7,520	7,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	915	440	475	6.2	5.9	6.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,845	7,080	6,770	93.8	94.1	93.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,065	5,635	5,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	710	335	380	6.4	5.9	7.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	225	275	4.5	4.0	5.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	215	110	105	1.9	2.0	1.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,350	5,305	5,045	93.5	94.1	92.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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