Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kings, Subd. A, Subdivision of county municipality (SC)More information: Nova Scotia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	22,355^E	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	22,234	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.5^E	...	...	0.5^E	...	...
Total private dwellings²	10,711	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,461	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	18.1	...	...	18.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,233.05	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	22,355	11,145	11,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,680	1,875	1,805	16.5	16.8	16.1
0 to 4 years	1,095	565	525	4.9	5.1	4.7
5 to 9 years	1,330	690	640	5.9	6.2	5.7
10 to 14 years	1,260	625	635	5.6	5.6	5.7
15 to 64 years	13,860	6,985	6,875	62.0	62.7	61.3
15 to 19 years	1,095	560	535	4.9	5.0	4.8
20 to 24 years	985	555	425	4.4	5.0	3.8
25 to 29 years	1,215	605	610	5.4	5.4	5.4
30 to 34 years	1,395	725	660	6.2	6.5	5.9
35 to 39 years	1,420	695	725	6.4	6.2	6.5
40 to 44 years	1,210	585	620	5.4	5.2	5.5
45 to 49 years	1,335	675	660	6.0	6.1	5.9
50 to 54 years	1,380	675	705	6.2	6.1	6.3
55 to 59 years	1,950	975	975	8.7	8.7	8.7
60 to 64 years	1,885	925	960	8.4	8.3	8.6
65 years and over	4,815	2,285	2,530	21.5	20.5	22.6
65 to 69 years	1,510	755	760	6.8	6.8	6.8
70 to 74 years	1,350	650	700	6.0	5.8	6.2
75 to 79 years	875	410	470	3.9	3.7	4.2
80 to 84 years	605	285	320	2.7	2.6	2.9
85 years and over	475	195	280	2.1	1.7	2.5
85 to 89 years	350	150	195	1.6	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	95	35	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	25	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.5	16.8	16.1	16.5	16.8	16.1
15 to 64 years	62.0	62.7	61.3	62.0	62.7	61.3
65 years and over	21.5	20.5	22.6	21.5	20.5	22.6
85 years and over	2.1	1.7	2.5	2.1	1.7	2.5
Average age of the population	43.7	43.0	44.5	43.7	43.0	44.5
Median age of the population	45.6	44.8	46.8	45.6	44.8	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,650	...	...	80.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	790	...	...	8.4	...	...
Row house	235	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	100	...	...	1.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	340	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	330	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,515	...	...	26.6	...	...
2 persons	3,940	...	...	41.6	...	...
3 persons	1,315	...	...	13.9	...	...
4 persons	1,070	...	...	11.3	...	...
5 or more persons	615	...	...	6.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,025	10,925	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	18,670	9,265	9,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	11,775	5,890	5,885	63.1	63.6	62.6
Married	9,200	4,610	4,590	49.3	49.8	48.8
Living common-law	2,570	1,280	1,295	13.8	13.8	13.8
Living common law - Never married	1,670	825	845	8.9	8.9	9.0
Living common law - Separated	190	105	85	1.0	1.1	0.9
Living common law - Divorced	615	310	310	3.3	3.3	3.3
Living common law - Widowed	85	35	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	6,900	3,380	3,520	37.0	36.5	37.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,210	2,400	1,805	22.5	25.9	19.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	555	265	290	3.0	2.9	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,055	475	580	5.7	5.1	6.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,085	240	850	5.8	2.6	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	4,035	...	...	59.5	...	...
3 persons	1,290	...	...	19.0	...	...
4 persons	965	...	...	14.2	...	...
5 or more persons	495	...	...	7.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,830	...	...	85.9	...	...
Married couples	4,550	...	...	67.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,810	...	...	26.7	...	...
Without children	2,735	...	...	40.3	...	...
Common-law couples	1,285	...	...	18.9	...	...
With children⁶	555	...	...	8.2	...	...
Without children	725	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	955	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	715	...	...	10.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	235	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	22,020	10,930	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	18,490	9,180	9,305	84.0	84.0	83.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,665	5,820	5,840	53.0	53.2	52.6
Parents in one-parent families	950	235	720	4.3	2.2	6.5
Children⁶	5,875	3,125	2,750	26.7	28.6	24.8
In a two-parent family	4,400	2,335	2,065	20.0	21.4	18.6
In a one-parent family	1,480	795	685	6.7	7.3	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,535	1,750	1,785	16.1	16.0	16.1
Living alone	2,515	1,215	1,295	11.4	11.1	11.7
Living with other relatives⁷	335	130	205	1.5	1.2	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	680	400	280	3.1	3.7	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,205	...	...	65.6	...	...
Couple-family households	5,450	...	...	57.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,205	...	...	23.3	...	...
Without children	3,240	...	...	34.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	760	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	175	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	240	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	295	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	2,515	...	...	26.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	18,345	9,050	9,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,720	8,775	8,945	96.6	97.0	96.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,600	31,600	37,200	45,600	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,735	8,780	8,950	96.7	97.0	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,600	28,800	33,600	39,600	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,280	7,850	7,430	83.3	86.7	79.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	42,000	24,400	32,000	42,000	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,905	6,320	5,590	64.9	69.8	60.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	43,200	27,200	34,400	43,200	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,110	6,410	7,695	76.9	70.8	82.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	11,500	12,000	11,800	11,500	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,940	895	1,045	10.6	9.9	11.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	6,000	5,440	5,520	6,000	5,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,490	1,505	1,985	19.0	16.6	21.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	18,350	9,055	9,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,750	8,760	8,985	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,560	50,560	36,720	43,560	50,560	36,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,760	8,770	8,985	96.8	96.9	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,840	42,000	31,800	36,840	42,000	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,295	7,885	7,405	83.4	87.1	79.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,480	47,040	31,480	39,480	47,040	31,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,905	6,295	5,610	64.9	69.5	60.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,800	45,960	32,880	39,800	45,960	32,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,020	6,305	7,715	76.4	69.6	83.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,070	11,450	12,590	12,070	11,450	12,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,020	905	1,115	11.0	10.0	12.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,720	6,760	6,750	6,720	6,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,535	1,490	2,045	19.3	16.5	22.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,910	8,930	8,920	8,910	8,930
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	18,345	9,050	9,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,865	3,435	2,430	32.0	38.0	26.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	61,600	45,200	55,200	61,600	45,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,200	63,350	50,880	58,200	63,350	50,880
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,430	2,025	2,410	24.1	22.4	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	18,600	16,200	16,800	18,600	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	26,400	21,260	23,600	26,400	21,260
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.2	83.8	70.6	78.2	83.8	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.3	65.4	55.9	61.3	65.4	55.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.9	16.3	29.4	21.9	16.3	29.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.4	2.3	1.8	1.4	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.6	6.8	5.0	3.6	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.0	5.5	4.1	3.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	18,345	9,055	9,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	630	275	350	3.4	3.0	3.8
With total income	17,720	8,775	8,940	96.6	96.9	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,525	625	895	8.6	7.1	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	2,565	935	1,635	14.5	10.7	18.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,945	1,220	1,725	16.6	13.9	19.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,450	1,045	1,405	13.8	11.9	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,205	1,030	1,175	12.4	11.7	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,705	980	725	9.6	11.2	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,305	865	445	7.4	9.9	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,085	750	335	6.1	8.5	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	670	430	235	3.8	4.9	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	425	285	140	2.4	3.2	1.6
$100,000 and over	840	615	220	4.7	7.0	2.5
$100,000 to $149,999	660	480	180	3.7	5.5	2.0
$150,000 and over	180	140	45	1.0	1.6	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	18,345	9,055	9,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	615	270	345	3.4	3.0	3.7
With after-tax income	17,730	8,785	8,950	96.6	97.0	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,630	645	985	9.2	7.3	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	2,680	990	1,685	15.1	11.3	18.8
$20,000 to $29,999	3,495	1,465	2,030	19.7	16.7	22.7
$30,000 to $39,999	2,975	1,350	1,630	16.8	15.4	18.2
$40,000 to $49,999	2,510	1,360	1,150	14.2	15.5	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,905	1,235	665	10.7	14.1	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,150	770	385	6.5	8.8	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	600	390	205	3.4	4.4	2.3
$80,000 to $89,999	335	240	95	1.9	2.7	1.1
$90,000 to $99,999	170	130	40	1.0	1.5	0.4
$100,000 and over	290	220	70	1.6	2.5	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	170	135	35	1.0	1.5	0.4
$125,000 and over	120	85	35	0.7	1.0	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	18,345	9,055	9,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,440	2,730	3,710	35.1	30.1	39.9
With employment income	11,905	6,320	5,585	64.9	69.8	60.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,625	745	880	13.6	11.8	15.8
$5,000 to $9,999	950	395	550	8.0	6.3	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	1,455	635	820	12.2	10.0	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	1,365	600	765	11.5	9.5	13.7
$30,000 to $39,999	1,280	605	680	10.8	9.6	12.2
$40,000 to $49,999	1,205	585	615	10.1	9.3	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,005	650	360	8.4	10.3	6.4
$60,000 to $69,999	985	675	310	8.3	10.7	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	795	575	220	6.7	9.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	460	300	160	3.9	4.7	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	280	175	100	2.4	2.8	1.8
$100,000 and over	505	375	125	4.2	5.9	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	295	210	85	2.5	3.3	1.5
$125,000 and over	205	165	40	1.7	2.6	0.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	18,345	9,050	9,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,435	8,620	8,820	95.0	95.2	94.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,000	28,200	35,200	44,000	28,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,470	8,620	8,855	95.2	95.2	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	38,400	26,000	31,600	38,400	26,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,200	7,815	7,385	82.9	86.4	79.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	42,000	24,800	32,400	42,000	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,015	6,370	5,650	65.5	70.4	60.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	43,200	27,200	34,400	43,200	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,805	5,635	7,170	69.8	62.3	77.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,900	9,000	9,000	8,900	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,945	965	980	10.6	10.7	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560	6,160	5,080	5,560	6,160	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	18,350	9,055	9,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,510	8,645	8,870	95.4	95.5	95.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	49,360	33,960	41,560	49,360	33,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,535	8,645	8,895	95.6	95.5	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,080	41,040	29,320	35,080	41,040	29,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,200	7,870	7,330	82.8	86.9	78.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,680	47,240	31,520	39,680	47,240	31,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,060	6,390	5,670	65.7	70.6	61.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,480	45,360	32,840	39,480	45,360	32,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,745	5,545	7,200	69.5	61.2	77.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	9,930	9,710	9,800	9,930	9,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,995	975	1,025	10.9	10.8	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,810	7,340	6,320	6,810	7,340	6,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	18,345	9,050	9,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,835	3,415	2,415	31.8	37.7	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	58,800	43,200	52,000	58,800	43,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,850	60,150	47,280	54,850	60,150	47,280
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,230	1,935	2,300	23.1	21.4	24.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	22,200	19,000	20,200	22,200	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,160	31,040	23,900	27,160	31,040	23,900
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.8	87.2	76.8	82.8	87.2	76.8
Employment income (%)	65.4	68.0	61.8	65.4	68.0	61.8
Government transfers (%)	17.2	12.9	23.2	17.2	12.9	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.2	1.9	1.7	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,515	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,700	...	...	81,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,100	...	...	69,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,760	...	...	42,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,360	...	...	36,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,700	...	...	95,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,900	...	...	80,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	170	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	150	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	460	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	325	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	385	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	435	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	455	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	450	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	850	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	805	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	780	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	680	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	605	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,785	...	...	29.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,150	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	710	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	650	...	...	6.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	270	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	155	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	495	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	380	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	485	...	...	5.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	535	...	...	5.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	535	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	525	...	...	5.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,100	...	...	11.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	940	...	...	9.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	850	...	...	9.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	750	...	...	7.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	600	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,800	...	...	19.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	980	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	470	...	...	5.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	350	...	...	3.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	52,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,195	1,615	1,575	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	41,600	32,000	36,000	41,600	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	36,000	30,000	32,400	36,000	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,600	...	...	80,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,500	...	...	85,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,600	...	...	72,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,800	...	...	119,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,800	...	...	64,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,300	...	...	57,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,235	1,610	1,630	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,360	47,560	35,240	41,360	47,560	35,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,360	39,520	31,240	35,360	39,520	31,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	22,025	10,930	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,345	2,225	2,115	19.7	20.4	19.1
0 to 5 years	1,345	715	630	6.1	6.5	5.7
18 to 64 years	12,935	6,455	6,480	58.7	59.1	58.4
65 years and over	4,740	2,250	2,495	21.5	20.6	22.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,230	1,480	1,745	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	750	385	360	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	225	115	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,500	680	820	...	...	...
65 years and over	985	420	565	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.7	13.6	15.7	14.7	13.6	15.7
0 to 17 years (%)	17.2	17.4	17.1	17.2	17.4	17.1
0 to 5 years (%)	16.6	16.0	17.2	16.6	16.0	17.2
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6	10.5	12.7	11.6	10.5	12.7
65 years and over (%)	20.7	18.6	22.6	20.7	18.6	22.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	22,020	10,930	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,345	2,230	2,115	19.7	20.4	19.1
0 to 5 years	1,345	710	630	6.1	6.5	5.7
18 to 64 years	12,940	6,455	6,480	58.8	59.1	58.4
65 years and over	4,745	2,245	2,495	21.5	20.5	22.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	635	335	300	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	95	55	40	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	20	15	10	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	490	260	230	...	...	...
65 years and over	50	25	25	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.1	2.7	2.9	3.1	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.3	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	1.4	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.0	3.6	3.8	4.0	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	22,025	10,930	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	14,330	6,960	7,370	65.1	63.7	66.4
In bottom decile	2,620	1,230	1,390	11.9	11.3	12.5
In second decile	3,080	1,425	1,660	14.0	13.0	15.0
In third decile	3,125	1,530	1,600	14.2	14.0	14.4
In fourth decile	2,840	1,435	1,405	12.9	13.1	12.7
In fifth decile	2,665	1,350	1,320	12.1	12.4	11.9
In top half of the distribution	7,690	3,965	3,725	34.9	36.3	33.6
In sixth decile	2,465	1,275	1,195	11.2	11.7	10.8
In seventh decile	1,940	980	965	8.8	9.0	8.7
In eighth decile	1,590	820	770	7.2	7.5	6.9
In ninth decile	1,075	565	510	4.9	5.2	4.6
In top decile	615	325	290	2.8	3.0	2.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	22,020	...	...	22,020	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.414	...	...	0.414	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.247	...	...	0.247	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	22,105	11,000	11,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	20,175	10,090	10,085	91.3	91.7	90.8
French only	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	1,860	875	985	8.4	8.0	8.9
Neither English nor French	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	22,105	11,000	11,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,395	10,620	10,775	96.8	96.5	97.0
French	670	355	315	3.0	3.2	2.8
English and French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	22,105	11,000	11,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,860	10,900	10,960	98.9	99.1	98.6
Official languages	21,325	10,635	10,690	96.5	96.7	96.2
English	20,655	10,280	10,375	93.4	93.5	93.4
French	670	360	315	3.0	3.3	2.8
Non-official languages	530	260	270	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	530	255	270	2.4	2.3	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	375	185	190	1.7	1.7	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	270	125	140	1.2	1.1	1.3
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	130	55	70	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	115	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	65	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	20	5	0.1	0.2	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	250	105	155	1.1	1.0	1.4
English and French	135	65	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	90	30	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	22,105	11,000	11,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	20,980	10,455	10,525	94.9	95.0	94.7
French	250	130	120	1.1	1.2	1.1
Non-official language	135	70	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	135	70	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	375	190	180	1.7	1.7	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	350	150	200	1.6	1.4	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	22,105	11,000	11,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,975	10,940	11,040	99.4	99.5	99.4
Official languages	21,765	10,835	10,925	98.5	98.5	98.3
English	21,425	10,665	10,760	96.9	97.0	96.8
French	345	175	165	1.6	1.6	1.5
Non-official languages	210	100	110	1.0	0.9	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	210	100	110	1.0	0.9	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	135	65	75	0.6	0.6	0.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	110	50	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
German	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	135	60	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and French	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	22,110	11,000	11,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	21,485	10,705	10,780	97.2	97.3	97.0
English	165	80	85	0.7	0.7	0.8
French	225	115	110	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	210	90	115	0.9	0.8	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	190	90	105	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	22,020	10,930	11,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	21,990	10,905	11,080	99.9	99.8	99.9
English	21,945	10,900	11,050	99.7	99.7	99.6
French	1,895	895	1,000	8.6	8.2	9.0
Non-official languages	815	380	430	3.7	3.5	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	775	375	400	3.5	3.4	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	580	275	305	2.6	2.5	2.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	410	180	225	1.9	1.6	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	245	115	125	1.1	1.1	1.1
German	235	115	115	1.1	1.1	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	225	95	125	1.0	0.9	1.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	130	60	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	60	65	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	85	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	35	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
American Sign Language	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,020	10,930	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,035	500	535	4.7	4.6	4.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	930	455	475	4.2	4.2	4.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	540	255	285	2.5	2.3	2.6
Métis	370	195	170	1.7	1.8	1.5
Inuk (Inuit)	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-Indigenous identity	20,990	10,430	10,560	95.3	95.4	95.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,020	10,930	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	225	90	140	1.0	0.8	1.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	21,795	10,840	10,955	99.0	99.2	98.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	6,970	...	...	73.7	...	...
Renter	2,490	...	...	26.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	90	...	...	1.0	...	...
Not condominium	9,370	...	...	99.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	485	...	...	5.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,420	...	...	25.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,920	...	...	41.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,620	...	...	27.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,495	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 rooms	1,480	...	...	15.6	...	...
6 rooms	1,580	...	...	16.7	...	...
7 rooms	1,415	...	...	15.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,495	...	...	36.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,435	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	9,295	...	...	98.3	...	...
Not suitable	170	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,375	...	...	25.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,360	...	...	24.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,465	...	...	15.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,565	...	...	16.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	420	...	...	4.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	400	...	...	4.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	465	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	410	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	8,705	...	...	92.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	755	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,785	...	...	50.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,470	...	...	47.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	210	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	230	...	...	2.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,205	...	...	12.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,390	...	...	14.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,430	...	...	15.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,180	...	...	23.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,710	...	...	18.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	950	...	...	10.0	...	...
85 years and over	380	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,035	...	...	86.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,265	...	...	13.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,155	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,045	...	...	21.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,145	...	...	12.1	...	...
Not suitable only	140	...	...	1.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	615	...	...	6.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,415	...	...	78.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	425	...	...	4.6	...	...
Not in core need	8,770	...	...	95.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,825	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.4	...	...	57.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	953	...	...	953	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	240,000	...	...	240,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	257,200	...	...	257,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,490	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.8	...	...	26.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	923	...	...	923	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	22,025	10,930	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	370	195	175	1.7	1.8	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	360	185	175	1.6	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	200	100	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis single ancestry	145	80	60	0.7	0.7	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	995	475	520	4.5	4.3	4.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	940	450	485	4.3	4.1	4.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	730	340	395	3.3	3.1	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	110	90	0.9	1.0	0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	20,655	10,255	10,395	93.8	93.8	93.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	22,025	10,925	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	21,730	10,790	10,940	98.7	98.8	98.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,315	2,235	2,080	19.6	20.5	18.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,420	8,555	8,865	79.1	78.3	79.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	295	135	155	1.3	1.2	1.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	22,025	10,925	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	21,080	10,450	10,635	95.7	95.7	95.9
Immigrants⁸¹	905	465	440	4.1	4.3	4.0
Before 1980	375	185	185	1.7	1.7	1.7
1980 to 1990	100	45	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	115	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	165	105	65	0.7	1.0	0.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	150	70	85	0.7	0.6	0.8
2011 to 2015	50	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
2016 to 2021	105	55	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	905	460	440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	120	60	55	13.3	13.0	12.5
5 to 14 years	205	135	70	22.7	29.3	15.9
15 to 24 years	160	85	75	17.7	18.5	17.0
25 to 44 years	380	170	210	42.0	37.0	47.7
45 years and over	45	20	25	5.0	4.3	5.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	905	460	440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	205	100	110	22.7	21.7	25.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.3
Mexico	10	10	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	100	45	60	11.0	9.8	13.6
Other places of birth in Americas	75	35	35	8.3	7.6	8.0
Europe	500	255	240	55.2	55.4	54.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	10	2.8	2.2	2.3
Germany	90	45	50	9.9	9.8	11.4
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	105	55	50	11.6	12.0	11.4
Poland	15	15	0	1.7	3.3	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	230	120	110	25.4	26.1	25.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	15	10	2.2	3.3	2.3
Africa	15	0	10	1.7	0.0	2.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	170	85	80	18.8	18.5	18.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	0	1.7	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	10	2.8	2.2	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	50	30	20	5.5	6.5	4.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	15	3.9	4.3	3.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	20	2.8	0.0	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	0	2.8	3.3	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	105	50	50	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	10	10	0	9.5	20.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	10	0	9.5	20.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	15	10	0	14.3	20.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	75	40	40	71.4	80.0	80.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	14.3	20.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	30	20	15	28.6	40.0	30.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	22,020	10,930	11,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,115	570	540	5.1	5.2	4.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,890	895	995	8.6	8.2	9.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,020	9,465	9,550	86.4	86.6	86.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	530	275	260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	270	150	125	50.9	54.5	48.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	105	55	55	19.8	20.0	21.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	165	95	75	31.1	34.5	28.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	215	90	125	40.6	32.7	48.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	35	35	0	6.6	12.7	0.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	10	0	2.8	3.6	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	530	275	260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	0	2.8	3.6	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	80	50	30	15.1	18.2	11.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	25	0	6.6	9.1	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	20	0	20	3.8	0.0	7.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	1.9	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	380	185	195	71.7	67.3	75.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	22,020	10,930	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	640	335	305	2.9	3.1	2.7
South Asian	90	60	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Chinese	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	285	140	145	1.3	1.3	1.3
Filipino	100	45	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin American	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Southeast Asian	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	21,380	10,595	10,790	97.1	96.9	97.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	22,020	10,930	11,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,475	2,220	2,255	20.3	20.3	20.3
English	5,290	2,570	2,715	24.0	23.5	24.5
Irish	4,385	2,055	2,330	19.9	18.8	21.0
Scottish	5,145	2,515	2,635	23.4	23.0	23.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,490	1,140	1,360	11.3	10.4	12.3
German	2,915	1,510	1,405	13.2	13.8	12.7
Chinese	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italian	345	170	170	1.6	1.6	1.5
Indian (India)	55	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	220	100	115	1.0	0.9	1.0
Dutch	1,315	680	630	6.0	6.2	5.7
Polish	190	110	85	0.9	1.0	0.8
Québécois	110	75	35	0.5	0.7	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	730	355	365	3.3	3.2	3.3
Filipino	70	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
French Canadian	245	130	120	1.1	1.2	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,505	770	735	6.8	7.0	6.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	365	185	180	1.7	1.7	1.6
Métis	395	210	185	1.8	1.9	1.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,205	585	625	5.5	5.4	5.6
Russian	120	50	75	0.5	0.5	0.7
Norwegian	175	85	95	0.8	0.8	0.9
Welsh	455	225	230	2.1	2.1	2.1
Portuguese	75	20	55	0.3	0.2	0.5
American	190	85	105	0.9	0.8	0.9
Spanish	60	35	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Swedish	145	80	60	0.7	0.7	0.5
Hungarian	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Acadian	750	300	445	3.4	2.7	4.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	60	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Jewish	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	50	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Danish	80	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	185	80	105	0.8	0.7	0.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	35	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belgian	70	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Swiss	80	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Finnish	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	350	165	180	1.6	1.5	1.6
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	115	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syrian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	125	65	60	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	95	60	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	575	265	310	2.6	2.4	2.8
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	70	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
African American	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	22,020	10,930	11,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	11,590	5,420	6,170	52.6	49.6	55.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,315	690	630	6.0	6.3	5.7
Anabaptist	110	50	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Anglican	1,400	585	815	6.4	5.4	7.3
Baptist	3,075	1,450	1,630	14.0	13.3	14.7
Catholic	3,040	1,440	1,605	13.8	13.2	14.5
Christian Orthodox	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jehovah's Witness	240	105	135	1.1	1.0	1.2
Latter Day Saints	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	100	65	35	0.5	0.6	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	155	55	100	0.7	0.5	0.9
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	170	70	100	0.8	0.6	0.9
Presbyterian	150	70	80	0.7	0.6	0.7
Reformed	50	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
United Church	1,250	555	700	5.7	5.1	6.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	460	230	230	2.1	2.1	2.1
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	145	60	85	0.7	0.5	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	10,235	5,425	4,815	46.5	49.6	43.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	21,830	10,850	10,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	19,705	9,845	9,855	90.3	90.7	89.8
Movers	2,130	1,005	1,125	9.8	9.3	10.2
Non-migrants	810	400	410	3.7	3.7	3.7
Migrants	1,315	605	710	6.0	5.6	6.5
Internal migrants	1,290	590	695	5.9	5.4	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	770	370	400	3.5	3.4	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	520	220	300	2.4	2.0	2.7
External migrants	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	20,915	10,360	10,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	13,355	6,610	6,745	63.9	63.8	63.9
Movers	7,570	3,750	3,810	36.2	36.2	36.1
Non-migrants	2,110	1,010	1,105	10.1	9.7	10.5
Migrants	5,450	2,745	2,715	26.1	26.5	25.7
Internal migrants	5,245	2,630	2,615	25.1	25.4	24.8
Intraprovincial migrants	2,945	1,430	1,515	14.1	13.8	14.4
Interprovincial migrants	2,300	1,205	1,100	11.0	11.6	10.4
External migrants	210	110	100	1.0	1.1	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,345	9,055	9,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,100	2,285	1,810	22.3	25.2	19.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,245	6,765	7,485	77.7	74.7	80.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,560	5,670	5,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,665	995	670	14.4	17.5	11.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,895	4,675	5,215	85.6	82.5	88.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,350	9,050	9,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,640	1,985	1,655	19.8	21.9	17.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,840	3,130	2,710	31.8	34.6	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,865	3,940	4,930	48.3	43.5	53.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,400	2,940	3,455	34.9	32.5	37.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,660	1,140	515	9.0	12.6	5.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	945	530	420	5.1	5.9	4.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	710	615	100	3.9	6.8	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,425	1,700	2,725	24.1	18.8	29.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	315	100	215	1.7	1.1	2.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,470	1,000	1,470	13.5	11.0	15.8
Bachelor's degree	1,810	705	1,100	9.9	7.8	11.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	95	40	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	405	160	240	2.2	1.8	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	50	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,560	5,670	5,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,430	835	595	12.4	14.7	10.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,700	2,080	1,615	32.0	36.7	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,430	2,760	3,675	55.6	48.7	62.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,525	2,060	2,460	39.1	36.3	41.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,060	740	325	9.2	13.1	5.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	630	365	265	5.4	6.4	4.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	430	370	60	3.7	6.5	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,255	1,255	1,995	28.2	22.1	33.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	205	65	140	1.8	1.1	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,910	695	1,215	16.5	12.3	20.6
Bachelor's degree	1,395	485	905	12.1	8.6	15.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	65	20	40	0.6	0.4	0.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	70	30	40	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	345	135	215	3.0	2.4	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	35	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,345	9,050	9,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,485	5,110	4,370	51.7	56.5	47.0
Education	465	70	395	2.5	0.8	4.2
13. Education	465	70	395	2.5	0.8	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	130	100	30	0.7	1.1	0.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	105	75	30	0.6	0.8	0.3
Humanities	295	125	175	1.6	1.4	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	95	30	65	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	40	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
54. History	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	765	205	560	4.2	2.3	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	90	35	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	230	15	215	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	70	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	140	45	95	0.8	0.5	1.0
45. Social sciences	215	80	135	1.2	0.9	1.5
Business, management and public administration	1,975	420	1,550	10.8	4.6	16.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	50	130	1.0	0.6	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,790	370	1,420	9.8	4.1	15.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	290	135	155	1.6	1.5	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	55	95	0.8	0.6	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	60	45	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	165	95	70	0.9	1.0	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	145	90	55	0.8	1.0	0.6
25. Library science	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,080	1,965	115	11.3	21.7	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
14. Engineering	200	170	30	1.1	1.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	485	455	25	2.6	5.0	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	545	530	20	3.0	5.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	650	630	15	3.5	7.0	0.2
48. Precision production	185	175	10	1.0	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	355	180	175	1.9	2.0	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	295	145	155	1.6	1.6	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	1,615	240	1,375	8.8	2.7	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	110	60	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,475	165	1,310	8.0	1.8	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	735	395	330	4.0	4.4	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	370	85	285	2.0	0.9	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	40	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
43. Security and protective services	145	115	30	0.8	1.3	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	145	20	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,560	5,670	5,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,125	2,915	2,215	44.3	51.4	37.6
Education	310	35	270	2.7	0.6	4.6
13. Education	310	35	270	2.7	0.6	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	120	85	30	1.0	1.5	0.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	30	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	90	60	30	0.8	1.1	0.5
Humanities	205	85	115	1.8	1.5	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	30	50	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	20	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
54. History	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	630	165	465	5.4	2.9	7.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	70	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	185	10	180	1.6	0.2	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	55	20	40	0.5	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	115	35	80	1.0	0.6	1.4
45. Social sciences	190	70	125	1.6	1.2	2.1
Business, management and public administration	1,390	295	1,090	12.0	5.2	18.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	150	50	95	1.3	0.9	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,235	245	990	10.7	4.3	16.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	185	80	105	1.6	1.4	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	105	25	75	0.9	0.4	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	25	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	40	30	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	80	45	1.1	1.4	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	125	80	45	1.1	1.4	0.8
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,475	1,370	105	12.8	24.2	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
14. Engineering	155	140	20	1.3	2.5	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	370	340	30	3.2	6.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	375	360	15	3.2	6.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	455	435	15	3.9	7.7	0.3
48. Precision production	110	95	10	1.0	1.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	245	100	145	2.1	1.8	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	205	85	120	1.8	1.5	2.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	20	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	1,195	175	1,025	10.3	3.1	17.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	50	45	0.8	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,080	110	965	9.3	1.9	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	550	275	275	4.8	4.9	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	280	50	230	2.4	0.9	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
43. Security and protective services	125	100	20	1.1	1.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	105	80	15	0.9	1.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,560	5,670	5,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,125	2,915	2,215	44.3	51.4	37.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,435	2,760	3,675	55.7	48.7	62.4
Location of study inside Canada	6,200	2,660	3,535	53.6	46.9	60.1
Same as province or territory of residence	4,325	1,745	2,580	37.4	30.8	43.8
Different than province or territory of residence	1,875	920	955	16.2	16.2	16.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	235	90	140	2.0	1.6	2.4
Americas	65	25	35	0.6	0.4	0.6
United States of America	50	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	90	50	40	0.8	0.9	0.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	70	25	50	0.6	0.4	0.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	18,350	9,050	9,295	...	...	...
In the labour force	10,585	5,595	4,995	...	...	...
Employed	9,645	5,110	4,540	...	...	...
Unemployed	940	485	455	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	7,755	3,460	4,300	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.7	61.8	53.7	57.7	61.8	53.7
Employment rate	52.6	56.5	48.8	52.6	56.5	48.8
Unemployment rate	8.9	8.7	9.1	8.9	8.7	9.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	18,345	9,050	9,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,620	3,390	4,225	41.5	37.5	45.5
Worked	10,725	5,655	5,070	58.5	62.5	54.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,005	3,515	2,490	32.7	38.8	26.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,720	2,140	2,580	25.7	23.6	27.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.6	43.7	41.4	42.6	43.7	41.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,590	5,590	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	200	110	90	1.9	2.0	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,390	5,480	4,905	98.1	98.0	98.2
Employee	9,055	4,710	4,350	85.5	84.3	87.1
Permanent position	7,560	3,935	3,625	71.4	70.4	72.6
Temporary position	1,490	770	720	14.1	13.8	14.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	535	255	275	5.1	4.6	5.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	955	515	440	9.0	9.2	8.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,340	775	565	12.7	13.9	11.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,590	5,590	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	200	110	90	1.9	2.0	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,390	5,480	4,905	98.1	98.0	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	40	30	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,320	295	1,025	12.5	5.3	20.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	500	400	100	4.7	7.2	2.0
3 Health occupations	970	130	845	9.2	2.3	16.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,995	1,055	940	18.8	18.9	18.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	170	60	105	1.6	1.1	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	2,225	830	1,395	21.0	14.8	27.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,880	1,705	175	17.8	30.5	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	575	445	130	5.4	8.0	2.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	705	525	180	6.7	9.4	3.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,590	5,590	4,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	200	110	90	1.9	2.0	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	10,390	5,480	4,905	98.1	98.0	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	635	420	210	6.0	7.5	4.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	25	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
23 Construction	715	655	65	6.8	11.7	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	935	725	215	8.8	13.0	4.3
41 Wholesale trade	200	145	50	1.9	2.6	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	1,255	460	795	11.9	8.2	15.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	345	265	75	3.3	4.7	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	90	45	45	0.8	0.8	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	170	40	125	1.6	0.7	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	130	55	75	1.2	1.0	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	295	125	170	2.8	2.2	3.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	335	195	140	3.2	3.5	2.8
61 Educational services	650	150	505	6.1	2.7	10.1
62 Health care and social assistance	1,730	285	1,450	16.3	5.1	29.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	110	60	50	1.0	1.1	1.0
72 Accommodation and food services	420	195	230	4.0	3.5	4.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	435	235	195	4.1	4.2	3.9
91 Public administration	1,905	1,385	520	18.0	24.8	10.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,490	6,020	5,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	11,040	5,795	5,250	96.1	96.3	95.9
French	50	10	40	0.4	0.2	0.7
Non-official language	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	315	165	155	2.7	2.7	2.8
English and non-official language(s)	70	50	20	0.6	0.8	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,490	6,020	5,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	11,455	5,995	5,460	99.7	99.6	99.7
Official languages	11,415	5,980	5,440	99.3	99.3	99.4
English	11,335	5,960	5,370	98.7	99.0	98.1
French	85	20	65	0.7	0.3	1.2
Non-official languages	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
German	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,490	6,020	5,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	11,135	5,820	5,315	96.9	96.7	97.1
English	60	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
French	250	135	115	2.2	2.2	2.1
Non-official language	30	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,650	5,105	4,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,240	560	680	12.8	11.0	15.0
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,260	930	330	13.1	18.2	7.3
Usual place of work	7,140	3,610	3,530	74.0	70.7	77.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,140	3,610	3,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,970	2,315	1,660	55.6	64.1	47.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,360	930	1,435	33.1	25.8	40.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	760	330	435	10.6	9.1	12.3
Commute to a different province or territory	45	35	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,400	4,540	3,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,885	4,280	3,600	93.9	94.3	93.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,395	4,035	3,360	88.0	88.9	87.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	490	245	245	5.8	5.4	6.4
Public transit	55	20	35	0.7	0.4	0.9
Walked	240	125	115	2.9	2.8	3.0
Bicycle	30	25	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Other method	190	90	105	2.3	2.0	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,400	4,540	3,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	3,845	2,065	1,785	45.8	45.5	46.3
15 to 29 minutes	2,990	1,585	1,400	35.6	34.9	36.3
30 to 44 minutes	1,110	605	505	13.2	13.3	13.1
45 to 59 minutes	165	70	95	2.0	1.5	2.5
60 minutes and over	290	215	70	3.5	4.7	1.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,400	4,540	3,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	610	420	190	7.3	9.3	4.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,925	1,190	740	22.9	26.2	19.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,945	1,600	1,340	35.1	35.2	34.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,405	545	860	16.7	12.0	22.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	600	265	335	7.1	5.8	8.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	915	525	385	10.9	11.6	10.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,420	2,260	2,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	500	250	250	11.3	11.1	11.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,915	2,010	1,905	88.6	88.9	88.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,225	1,640	1,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	345	175	170	10.7	10.7	10.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	200	95	105	6.2	5.8	6.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	145	80	60	4.5	4.9	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,880	1,460	1,420	89.3	89.0	89.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^E
use with caution. Refer to the 2021 population and dwelling count amendments or the 2016 population and dwelling count amendments for further information.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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