Data tables, 2016 Census

Mother Tongue (187), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Number of languages known (11), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data

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This table details mother tongue , immigrant status and period of immigration , number of languages known , age and sex for the population in private households in Canada
Data quality
Mother tongue (187) Immigrant status and period of immigration (11)
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 2 Non-immigrantsFootnote 3 ImmigrantsFootnote 4 Before 1981 1981 to 1990 1991 to 2000 2001 to 2010 2001 to 2005 2006 to 2010 2011 to 2016Footnote 5 Non-permanent residentsFootnote 6
Total - Mother tongueFootnote 7 34,460,060 26,412,615 7,540,825 1,941,505 915,555 1,486,655 1,985,035 928,940 1,056,095 1,212,075 506,625
Single responses 33,674,415 25,974,050 7,214,295 1,895,485 882,315 1,423,075 1,874,060 880,280 993,785 1,139,360 486,070
Official languages 26,414,335 24,379,740 1,900,185 803,890 230,190 274,210 368,515 166,005 202,505 223,375 134,405
English 19,349,060 17,630,600 1,623,100 740,620 205,535 231,535 285,825 130,325 155,505 159,585 95,365
French 7,065,275 6,749,140 277,085 63,270 24,655 42,675 82,690 35,685 47,005 63,795 39,050
Non-official languages 7,260,080 1,594,310 5,314,110 1,091,595 652,125 1,148,865 1,505,545 714,270 791,275 915,985 351,655
Aboriginal languages 192,640 192,295 270 130 40 40 45 15 30 20 75
Non-Aboriginal languages 7,067,435 1,402,020 5,313,840 1,091,465 652,085 1,148,825 1,505,500 714,250 791,245 915,970 351,580
Afro-Asiatic languages 574,735 82,975 463,660 32,320 48,070 92,000 160,030 64,350 95,675 131,240 28,105
Berber languages 22,140 2,230 19,395 160 335 1,895 9,980 3,750 6,225 7,030 515
Kabyle 13,365 1,435 11,635 65 155 850 5,575 1,880 3,695 4,995 290
Berber languages, n.i.e. 8,775 795 7,760 95 180 1,040 4,405 1,875 2,530 2,035 220
Cushitic languages 43,150 8,430 33,700 155 4,365 11,085 9,135 2,935 6,200 8,960 1,025
Bilen 930 90 820 0 35 35 155 0 155 585 25
Oromo 4,980 830 4,085 0 515 610 1,470 435 1,040 1,475 70
Somali 36,810 7,430 28,460 150 3,760 10,375 7,380 2,480 4,900 6,795 925
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 435 85 345 0 50 65 130 20 115 100 10
Semitic languages 508,155 72,090 409,620 31,975 43,310 78,835 140,570 57,520 83,055 114,935 26,445
Amharic 21,995 1,885 19,445 180 2,570 4,670 7,595 3,595 3,995 4,435 670
Arabic 419,360 60,510 335,610 22,845 32,805 64,025 118,555 48,670 69,885 97,380 23,240
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 16,415 2,980 13,175 525 1,310 3,745 4,220 1,240 2,975 3,380 255
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 5,410 795 4,530 30 285 1,575 1,365 455 910 1,285 80
Harari 1,170 270 880 0 360 395 105 55 45 20 20
Hebrew 19,335 3,290 14,595 3,700 3,040 1,695 3,900 1,630 2,265 2,260 1,445
Maltese 5,730 650 5,050 4,480 285 115 105 85 20 70 30
Tigrigna 16,670 1,470 14,550 135 2,380 2,065 4,265 1,535 2,725 5,705 650
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 2,065 240 1,785 85 270 550 475 250 225 400 50
Afro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 1,290 225 935 25 60 190 345 150 195 325 125
Austro-Asiatic languages 174,780 38,015 132,235 23,710 49,330 30,475 18,050 8,240 9,810 10,670 4,530
Khmer (Cambodian) 20,850 4,125 16,450 2,280 8,935 1,935 2,170 945 1,230 1,120 280
Vietnamese 153,775 33,860 115,675 21,415 40,385 28,525 15,815 7,270 8,545 9,530 4,240
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 155 25 115 15 15 15 60 25 30 10 15
Austronesian languages 514,710 17,985 466,425 35,865 38,995 87,305 151,825 51,360 100,465 152,435 30,305
Bikol 1,740 25 1,645 155 140 360 550 175 375 450 75
Cebuano 20,120 390 18,695 755 990 2,405 6,610 2,115 4,500 7,930 1,040
Fijian 795 60 655 250 65 120 175 40 130 55 75
Hiligaynon 7,120 165 6,560 350 380 1,030 2,265 675 1,585 2,530 390
Ilocano 26,645 615 24,780 1,315 2,275 5,485 7,540 2,470 5,070 8,160 1,250
Malagasy 1,465 85 1,210 40 90 165 465 205 255 450 175
Malay 12,265 525 10,215 1,320 1,135 2,040 3,965 1,915 2,050 1,765 1,525
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 3,975 75 3,740 230 310 780 1,210 385 825 1,215 155
Pangasinan 1,440 10 1,385 140 140 285 465 165 305 350 45
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 433,675 15,865 392,630 31,095 33,175 73,855 126,910 42,750 84,160 127,600 25,180
Waray-Waray 1,205 10 1,095 20 35 175 360 80 275 515 95
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 4,270 160 3,810 190 255 610 1,320 380 935 1,430 300
Creole languages 72,270 4,205 65,575 10,755 10,840 11,290 17,215 6,065 11,145 15,475 2,485
Haitian Creole 2,760 125 2,500 350 260 315 725 245 480 845 135
Creole, n.o.s. 64,620 3,715 58,850 9,840 9,975 10,260 15,210 5,290 9,920 13,560 2,050
Creole languages, n.i.e. 4,895 360 4,230 565 605 715 1,275 530 745 1,070 300
Dravidian languages 188,240 29,405 148,145 4,310 18,655 50,715 46,995 23,865 23,130 27,475 10,685
Kannada 3,770 330 2,940 240 140 420 1,235 635 600 905 500
Malayalam 27,900 2,280 22,600 1,780 760 2,555 7,600 3,010 4,590 9,890 3,020
Tamil 140,175 25,590 110,950 1,830 17,575 46,425 33,435 17,785 15,655 11,675 3,635
Telugu 15,835 1,195 11,150 415 165 1,200 4,525 2,330 2,195 4,845 3,495
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 555 10 505 40 15 105 190 100 90 155 35
Hmong-Mien languages 625 225 390 100 80 30 135 50 80 45 0
Indo-European languages 3,826,130 957,155 2,741,115 796,820 313,190 542,370 712,535 357,185 355,350 376,200 127,850
Albanian 26,820 3,255 22,465 475 200 7,950 10,345 6,640 3,710 3,485 1,105
Armenian 33,840 8,060 25,310 7,915 5,335 3,535 3,730 1,590 2,135 4,800 470
Balto-Slavic languages 693,990 173,505 503,695 107,265 81,340 152,595 114,830 63,465 51,365 47,655 16,790
Baltic languages 12,610 4,765 7,435 4,285 330 780 1,075 580 495 965 405
Latvian 5,610 2,035 3,390 2,460 105 195 245 80 165 385 180
Lithuanian 7,000 2,730 4,040 1,820 225 585 830 500 330 580 230
Slavic languages 681,380 168,735 496,265 102,980 81,010 151,820 113,755 62,885 50,870 46,690 16,380
Belarusan 875 135 700 80 35 150 305 170 135 130 40
Bosnian 12,200 1,495 10,580 500 250 7,840 1,505 1,030 475 485 130
Bulgarian 19,365 1,950 17,075 485 715 4,995 9,055 5,610 3,440 1,820 335
Croatian 48,420 13,050 33,935 21,115 2,305 7,860 1,320 845 475 1,345 1,435
Czech 22,195 3,325 18,155 8,905 4,880 2,025 1,390 685 710 950 720
Macedonian 16,715 4,425 12,175 7,000 935 1,510 2,285 1,630 655 430 120
Polish 179,620 41,180 136,010 27,740 58,525 36,045 9,635 4,795 4,840 4,065 2,425
Russian 186,905 25,250 154,615 6,545 5,815 48,600 66,695 35,805 30,890 26,960 7,045
Serbian 57,365 11,215 45,220 8,360 2,670 25,045 6,720 4,295 2,430 2,420 925
Serbo-Croatian 9,995 1,055 8,850 1,100 250 6,785 570 470 95 150 90
Slovak 17,455 3,790 12,825 4,515 2,485 2,385 2,370 1,685 685 1,070 840
Slovene (Slovenian) 9,730 2,785 6,850 6,165 180 200 140 85 55 165 95
Ukrainian 98,310 58,650 37,495 9,375 1,905 7,990 11,565 5,740 5,825 6,660 2,165
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 2,225 440 1,780 1,085 60 390 195 40 155 45 0
Celtic languages 2,340 455 1,790 1,210 190 135 170 80 90 90 90
Scottish Gaelic 910 330 565 430 50 30 20 0 20 30 15
Welsh 1,005 55 940 620 100 70 115 60 60 35 10
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 420 70 285 160 40 30 30 20 10 20 65
Germanic languages 501,930 190,160 301,495 196,255 25,315 27,665 36,945 16,225 20,720 15,310 10,270
Afrikaans 10,300 855 8,775 465 350 2,100 3,775 1,715 2,060 2,080 670
Danish 12,150 1,700 10,050 8,375 630 425 345 130 215 270 400
Dutch 96,920 18,160 77,155 60,275 5,120 4,625 5,220 2,530 2,690 1,910 1,600
Frisian 2,045 425 1,615 1,300 105 130 60 30 25 25 10
German 350,540 155,880 188,055 115,810 17,710 18,960 25,700 10,905 14,795 9,880 6,600
Icelandic 1,305 650 535 205 35 65 70 35 40 160 130
Norwegian 4,410 1,305 2,930 2,165 190 195 260 100 160 125 175
Swedish 6,810 1,290 5,000 2,545 645 540 815 360 450 460 515
Vlaams (Flemish) 3,495 770 2,655 2,120 125 120 150 85 65 135 70
Yiddish 13,115 8,910 4,125 2,745 335 395 435 245 185 210 85
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 830 210 595 245 65 105 125 80 40 55 25
Greek 106,055 44,915 59,820 51,790 3,495 1,550 1,130 585 540 1,855 1,325
Indo-Iranian languages 1,313,190 250,530 1,008,775 90,395 90,805 241,640 369,815 188,325 181,490 216,110 53,885
Indo-Aryan languages 1,065,640 220,615 799,000 86,815 69,345 188,695 291,610 148,465 143,145 162,535 46,025
Bengali 73,005 11,015 58,605 1,990 3,240 15,195 25,180 12,125 13,060 12,995 3,385
Gujarati 108,025 16,560 86,155 14,265 8,005 14,955 32,560 17,395 15,160 16,375 5,310
Hindi 109,420 13,750 87,105 12,790 8,400 16,565 29,030 14,310 14,725 20,320 8,565
Kashmiri 500 0 465 30 45 100 215 135 80 75 40
Konkani 3,285 155 3,060 370 275 870 960 550 405 595 65
Marathi 8,375 730 6,660 600 130 875 2,650 1,245 1,410 2,405 980
Nepali 17,925 1,435 15,765 85 60 475 6,255 1,390 4,870 8,880 730
Oriya (Odia) 1,095 75 820 75 15 35 295 160 135 395 205
Punjabi (Panjabi) 502,700 130,525 351,325 43,005 40,240 92,320 113,160 53,685 59,480 62,600 20,850
Sindhi 12,355 1,860 10,285 4,070 1,610 1,325 2,310 1,250 1,055 975 210
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 16,960 1,020 15,400 785 1,040 3,350 7,090 3,120 3,965 3,140 540
Urdu 211,995 43,490 163,350 8,745 6,295 42,625 71,915 43,110 28,810 33,770 5,150
Iranian languages 242,195 29,265 205,375 3,310 21,250 51,915 76,360 39,030 37,325 52,545 7,555
Kurdish 12,020 1,980 9,595 70 665 3,560 3,180 1,735 1,445 2,115 450
Pashto 16,335 4,035 11,905 165 745 2,755 5,130 2,710 2,420 3,110 385
Persian (Farsi) 213,845 23,255 183,880 3,075 19,845 45,600 68,050 34,580 33,470 47,315 6,710
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 5,350 645 4,390 270 215 1,030 1,845 825 1,020 1,035 310
Italic (Romance) languages 1,147,970 286,285 817,770 341,510 106,505 107,290 175,570 80,275 95,300 86,885 43,915
Catalan 815 35 565 185 30 65 100 25 70 185 215
Italian 375,055 148,570 223,310 208,115 6,270 3,215 3,225 1,320 1,900 2,490 3,175
Portuguese 220,970 48,895 159,360 88,810 29,630 13,450 15,710 5,345 10,360 11,770 12,715
Romanian 96,945 10,870 84,915 3,785 7,830 25,430 37,230 22,010 15,215 10,645 1,160
Spanish 453,530 77,680 349,205 40,255 62,735 65,120 119,300 51,565 67,740 61,790 26,640
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 650 225 420 360 20 20 10 10 10 15 10
Japanese 43,240 11,555 24,665 5,220 1,920 5,200 7,820 3,245 4,575 4,495 7,020
Kartvelian languages 1,740 165 1,425 35 45 210 605 290 310 530 150
Georgian 1,740 165 1,420 35 45 215 605 295 315 530 150
Korean 153,080 14,530 115,375 11,710 10,390 27,460 45,095 23,585 21,505 20,725 23,175
Mongolic languages 1,875 150 1,430 0 0 40 900 325 575 490 300
Mongolian 1,875 150 1,430 0 0 40 900 325 575 485 295
Niger-Congo languages 92,305 6,210 79,220 2,270 5,165 14,540 31,900 13,355 18,540 25,355 6,870
Akan (Twi) 14,145 1,705 11,835 650 2,350 4,815 2,790 1,480 1,305 1,240 600
Bamanankan 1,480 45 1,165 10 30 195 460 165 300 465 275
Edo 1,655 95 1,460 20 70 250 645 255 395 475 100
Ewe 1,740 70 1,560 100 160 250 525 175 350 520 110
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 2,800 360 2,210 20 75 290 1,070 385 680 760 230
Ga 1,015 95 890 75 175 325 235 125 110 80 35
Ganda 1,245 80 1,050 25 145 105 410 160 245 365 115
Igbo 4,170 175 3,455 140 110 420 1,470 595 880 1,320 535
Lingala 3,825 215 3,360 10 130 930 1,380 675 705 905 255
Rundi (Kirundi) 5,870 180 5,300 20 75 760 2,590 1,155 1,430 1,865 390
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 5,125 135 4,750 30 170 1,085 2,030 700 1,325 1,425 240
Shona 3,180 115 2,770 25 10 80 1,830 760 1,065 830 295
Swahili 13,400 1,155 11,590 405 590 1,745 4,830 2,180 2,645 4,020 655
Wolof 3,795 360 2,970 55 80 155 1,320 300 1,025 1,360 465
Yoruba 9,225 395 7,860 305 245 985 3,120 1,040 2,080 3,195 965
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 19,640 1,025 16,995 375 740 2,135 7,200 3,215 3,985 6,545 1,610
Nilo-Saharan languages 5,330 695 4,525 40 135 1,055 2,535 1,645 890 760 110
Dinka 1,865 305 1,540 0 25 420 935 765 175 160 20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 3,470 385 2,985 40 115 635 1,600 880 720 595 95
Sign languages 7,415 6,440 915 110 125 230 310 130 185 140 60
American Sign Language 2,570 2,325 210 30 25 60 85 35 50 20 35
Quebec Sign Language 645 615 30 0 10 10 20 10 10 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e 4,200 3,500 670 80 95 165 215 90 120 120 25
Sino-Tibetan languages 1,264,620 199,385 962,320 128,480 139,105 270,270 286,630 148,925 137,700 137,830 102,910
Chinese languages 1,249,030 197,915 948,570 128,035 138,670 268,930 278,465 146,660 131,800 134,475 102,540
Cantonese 567,080 121,685 432,375 101,155 105,530 147,710 55,525 28,960 26,565 22,455 13,020
Hakka 10,775 1,525 9,080 2,640 2,365 2,335 1,320 690 630 425 165
Mandarin 588,945 65,990 441,120 9,415 18,185 101,280 207,650 110,140 97,510 104,595 81,830
Min Dong 1,070 100 950 135 150 185 365 210 155 120 25
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 31,390 3,780 26,925 5,240 6,595 8,235 4,860 2,245 2,610 1,995 680
Wu (Shanghainese) 13,060 905 11,440 1,085 1,705 3,610 3,025 1,590 1,435 2,015 720
Chinese, n.o.s. 36,025 3,890 26,105 8,360 4,125 5,465 5,475 2,695 2,780 2,680 6,035
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 685 40 580 20 15 110 245 125 115 190 65
Tibeto-Burman languages 15,590 1,475 13,745 440 440 1,345 8,170 2,270 5,895 3,355 370
Burmese 3,420 270 3,070 260 290 860 1,095 335 760 575 80
Karenic languages 4,285 455 3,785 0 0 50 3,210 165 3,045 520 45
Tibetan 6,245 600 5,455 150 125 335 3,190 1,540 1,650 1,660 190
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 1,640 150 1,430 30 25 100 675 235 445 605 60
Tai-Kadai languages 22,220 2,795 17,860 5,215 5,250 2,215 3,175 1,365 1,810 2,010 1,560
Lao 12,960 2,240 10,660 4,675 4,425 1,060 405 210 190 95 70
Thai 9,185 560 7,130 530 800 1,145 2,755 1,145 1,610 1,905 1,495
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e 70 0 70 15 25 10 20 10 15 10 0
Turkic languages 39,820 6,335 30,715 2,455 3,320 6,635 12,595 6,475 6,120 5,715 2,765
Azerbaijani 3,325 185 2,930 30 290 555 1,435 745 690 620 210
Turkish 32,170 5,535 24,455 2,390 2,945 5,685 9,350 4,920 4,425 4,085 2,185
Uyghur 1,210 255 825 0 0 75 470 260 210 275 140
Uzbek 1,875 265 1,510 10 65 135 810 325 480 490 95
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 1,235 100 1,000 25 15 185 525 220 310 245 140
Uralic languages 80,895 23,545 55,090 31,810 7,120 6,250 6,055 3,325 2,730 3,860 2,255
Estonian 5,215 2,190 2,960 2,525 70 235 75 45 25 55 60
Finnish 15,040 6,435 8,405 7,025 385 340 415 215 200 240 205
Hungarian 60,625 14,920 43,710 22,250 6,665 5,680 5,550 3,050 2,500 3,565 1,990
Uralic languages, n.i.e. 15 0 15 10 0 0 10 10 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 3,415 250 2,750 245 335 545 1,110 475 635 520 415
Multiple responses 785,650 438,555 326,535 46,020 33,240 63,585 110,970 48,660 62,315 72,715 20,555
English and French 157,180 146,505 9,945 1,850 1,215 1,900 3,270 1,360 1,905 1,710 730
English and non-official language 513,250 241,700 254,790 35,555 25,250 50,950 85,425 38,195 47,225 57,610 16,755
French and non-official language 84,100 30,765 50,765 6,780 5,310 8,620 18,535 7,505 11,025 11,525 2,565
English, French and non-official language 31,125 19,585 11,030 1,840 1,465 2,110 3,750 1,595 2,150 1,865 505

Symbol(s)

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not available for a specific reference period

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not applicable

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suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

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too unreliable to be published

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Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Immigrant status refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country who have a work or study permit or who are refugee claimants, and their family members sharing the same permit and living in Canada with them.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere
n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Data quality note(s) – Canada

  • Incomplete enumeration flag
    Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.
  • Long-form data quality flag
    Global non-response rate (GNR), long-form census questionnaire: 5.1%.
  • Long-form income data quality flag
    Default. Data quality index showing a long-form income non-response rate lower than 10%.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016193.

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