Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province]

Population

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Sex Information - Sex

Age groups Information - Age

Residence on or off reserve Information - Residence on or off reserve

The table shows aboriginal identities (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers), by sex, age groups and residence on or off reserve.
Characteristic	Nova Scotia [Province]
	Data quality , Nova Scotia [Province] Map : Nova Scotia [Province] Related data - Nova Scotia
	Total - Sex, Total - Age groups, Total - Residence on or off reserve
	Total - Population in private households by Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 1}	Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 2}	Single Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 3}	First Nations (North American Indian)^{Footnote 4}	Métis	Inuk (Inuit)	Multiple Aboriginal responses^{Footnote 5}	Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 6}	Non-Aboriginal identity
Average age and median age
Total - Average age and median age for the population in private households - 25% sample data	908,340	51,495	49,935	25,830	23,310	795	835	720	856,850
Average age	43.0	35.1	34.9	31.8	38.4	31.9	38.4	44.9	43.5
Median age	45.1	33.6	33.3	28.5	39.1	29.7	39.1	48.2	45.7
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 7}	774,750	39,965	38,670	19,045	19,040	585	660	635	734,780
Married or living common law	452,365	20,250	19,515	8,370	10,850	295	355	385	432,115
Married	367,115	15,000	14,410	5,730	8,495	185	280	310	352,120
Living common law	85,250	5,250	5,105	2,645	2,355	115	80	70	79,995
Not married and not living common law	322,390	19,720	19,155	10,670	8,195	285	305	255	302,670
Never married	204,890	14,710	14,325	8,255	5,855	215	220	170	190,180
Separated	23,690	1,500	1,450	700	735	15	35	15	22,190
Divorced	47,645	2,120	2,045	1,015	985	40	45	30	45,530
Widowed	46,165	1,395	1,335	700	615	20	15	45	44,770
Family characteristics
Total - Family characteristics for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 8}	908,340	51,490	49,940	25,830	23,310	795	835	720	856,850
Married spouses and common-law partners	448,280	20,060	19,340	8,275	10,770	295	350	370	428,215
Married spouses	363,025	14,805	14,230	5,630	8,420	180	275	305	348,215
Common-law partners	85,250	5,250	5,110	2,640	2,350	115	75	70	79,995
Lone parents (in lone-parent census families)	46,810	3,760	3,675	2,310	1,320	40	70	15	43,045
Children in census families (as in sons, daughters or grandchildren)	237,945	19,315	18,805	10,755	7,745	305	305	200	218,635
Living with two biological or adoptive parents^{Census data footnote 9}	145,925	9,950	9,665	4,875	4,665	125	160	125	135,980
In an intact family^{Census data footnote 10}	139,850	9,255	8,980	4,415	4,460	100	150	125	130,595
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 11}	6,075	695	690	460	210	20	10	10	5,380
Living with one biological or adoptive parent and one step-parent	20,100	1,720	1,660	960	665	35	40	25	18,380
In a simple stepfamily^{Census data footnote 12}	11,700	955	915	510	395	10	25	15	10,745
In a complex stepfamily^{Census data footnote 13}	8,405	770	745	455	270	20	15	10	7,635
Living with one parent in a lone-parent census family^{Census data footnote 14}	68,845	7,235	7,080	4,610	2,325	145	110	45	61,610
With a male lone parent	12,745	1,305	1,280	800	430	50	20	10	11,440
With a female lone parent	56,105	5,930	5,805	3,815	1,895	95	85	40	50,170
Living with grandparents without parents present	3,075	410	400	315	85	0	0	10	2,665
With two grandparents without parents present	1,670	200	190	135	55	0	0	10	1,475
With one grandparent without parents present	1,400	210	210	175	30	0	0	0	1,185
Persons not in census families	175,310	8,360	8,115	4,490	3,475	150	105	135	166,955
Living with other relatives	16,990	1,060	1,030	660	355	15	15	15	15,935
Foster children	910	195	190	180	10	0	10	0	715
Living with non-relatives only or alone	157,410	7,105	6,900	3,650	3,110	135	90	120	150,305
Registered or Treaty Indian status
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 15}	908,340	51,495	49,940	25,830	23,315	795	835	720	856,845
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Census data footnote 16}	18,940	18,940	18,135	15,325	2,780	35	190	615	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	889,400	32,555	31,805	10,510	20,535	760	645	105	856,850
Aboriginal ancestry
Total - Aboriginal ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 17}	908,340	51,495	49,940	25,830	23,315	790	835	720	856,845
Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 18}	15,055	13,680	13,525	10,860	2,460	210	135	20	1,375
Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 19}	14,780	13,415	13,315	10,830	2,295	190	85	15	1,360
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry^{Census data footnote 20}	11,995	10,970	10,930	10,805	110	15	20	15	1,025
Métis single ancestry	2,555	2,260	2,205	20	2,185	0	55	0	300
Inuit single ancestry	220	185	180	10	0	175	0	0	40
Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)^{Census data footnote 21}	275	265	215	30	165	15	50	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestries	210	200	155	25	135	0	40	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestries	30	25	20	0	0	15	10	0	10
Métis and Inuit ancestries	30	30	30	0	25	10	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries	10	10	10	10	10	0	10	0	0
Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 22}	58,980	31,565	30,790	12,770	17,520	500	620	150	27,415
Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 23}	56,835	29,855	29,280	12,480	16,335	465	425	150	26,980
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Aboriginal ancestries	34,375	14,940	14,630	12,320	2,285	25	180	130	19,435
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	21,200	14,410	14,160	155	14,010	0	230	20	6,790
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,255	505	495	10	45	440	15	0	750
Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries^{Census data footnote 24}	2,150	1,710	1,505	290	1,180	35	195	10	440
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	1,855	1,515	1,380	255	1,130	0	130	0	340
First Nations (North American Indian), Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	70	55	35	0	25	15	0	65
Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	135	95	55	0	40	10	40	10	35
First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	30	30	15	0	15	0	15	0	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)^{Census data footnote 25}	834,305	6,250	5,625	2,200	3,335	85	75	545	828,055
Aboriginal ancestry responses
Total - Aboriginal ancestry responses for the population in private household - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 26}	908,340	51,495	49,935	25,830	23,315	790	830	720	856,850
Total Aboriginal ancestry^{Census data footnote 27}	74,035	45,245	44,315	23,625	19,980	705	760	170	28,790
First Nations ancestry	48,640	27,755	27,195	23,445	3,675	70	410	150	20,885
Abenaki	90	20	20	15	10	0	0	0	65
Algonquin	220	150	150	105	45	0	0	0	75
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 28}	30	30	25	25	0	0	0	0	0
Apache	30	10	15	10	0	0	0	0	15
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver (Dunne-za)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 29}	225	90	90	85	10	0	0	0	135
Blood (Kainai)	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier (Dakelh)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cherokee	330	75	80	65	10	0	0	0	255
Chilcotin (Tsilhqot'in)	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Chipewyan (Denesuline)	25	20	20	15	0	0	0	0	10
Cowichan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree	1,660	980	935	585	320	25	50	0	675
Dakota	15	10	15	10	0	0	0	0	0
Delaware (Lenape)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene Tha (Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 30}	40	40	35	30	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	65	45	40	40	0	0	0	0	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	110	30	30	15	10	0	0	0	75
Innu/Montagnais	125	80	75	25	40	15	10	0	45
Iroquois, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 31}	305	115	110	90	25	0	10	0	190
Kaska	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lakota	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	210	145	145	140	10	0	0	0	70
Mi'kmaq	34,130	21,905	21,505	18,855	2,630	20	280	120	12,225
Mohawk	480	320	310	270	40	0	10	0	160
Musqueam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Navajo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuxalk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Odawa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	670	505	500	410	90	0	0	0	165
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan (Syilx)	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	40	45	35	30	0	0	10	0	0
Potawatomi	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0
Sahtu (North Slavey)	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Salish, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 32}	55	30	30	25	10	0	0	0	20
Saulteaux	20	25	20	20	0	0	0	0	0
Sechelt (Shishalh)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemc (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sioux, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 33}	60	35	40	40	0	0	0	0	20
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
St'at'imc (Lillooet)	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sto:lo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney (Nakoda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.^{Census data footnote 34}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wet'suwet'en	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations ancestry, n.i.e.^{Census data footnote 35}	10,500	3,725	3,615	3,105	475	30	90	20	6,770
Métis ancestry	26,020	18,550	18,010	460	17,535	15	520	20	7,475
Inuit ancestry	1,840	955	855	45	135	670	95	0	890
Non-Aboriginal ancestry	893,285	37,815	36,415	14,970	20,855	585	700	700	855,475
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 36}	908,340	51,495	49,935	25,830	23,315	795	835	720	856,845
English only	809,965	42,570	41,255	24,005	16,500	745	675	645	767,390
French only	685	40	40	0	35	0	0	0	645
English and French	95,055	8,860	8,625	1,805	6,775	50	160	80	86,200
Neither English nor French	2,635	25	20	15	10	0	0	0	2,615
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 37}	908,340	51,490	49,935	25,830	23,315	790	835	720	856,845
English	876,320	47,150	45,715	25,520	19,405	790	760	680	829,170
French	27,725	4,255	4,145	250	3,890	0	75	35	23,470
English and French	1,795	70	60	45	15	0	0	10	1,720
Neither English nor French	2,500	20	20	10	10	0	0	0	2,485
Official language minority
Official language minority (number)^{Census data footnote 38}	28,620	4,290	4,175	275	3,900	0	75	35	24,330
Official language minority (percentage)^{Census data footnote 39}	3.2	8.3	8.4	1.1	16.7	0.0	9.0	4.9	2.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 40}	908,340	51,495	49,940	25,830	23,310	795	835	720	856,850
Official languages	864,055	47,290	45,740	21,650	23,300	790	830	720	816,765
English	835,095	42,905	41,465	21,385	19,290	790	755	685	792,190
French	32,645	4,775	4,650	350	4,300	0	85	40	27,870
Non-official languages	48,790	4,430	4,420	4,390	20	10	10	0	44,360
Aboriginal languages	4,410	4,385	4,380	4,365	0	15	10	0	25
Algonquian languages	4,375	4,365	4,350	4,355	0	0	10	0	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	15	10	15	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	4,350	4,340	4,325	4,330	0	0	10	10	10
Malecite	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	4,340	4,330	4,320	4,325	0	0	10	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	20	15	15	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	10	10	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	10	10	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	44,380	40	40	25	20	0	0	0	44,335
Language spoken at home
Total - Language spoken at home for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 41}	908,340	51,495	49,940	25,830	23,315	790	835	720	856,850
Official languages	896,625	50,365	48,810	24,715	23,305	790	835	720	846,255
English	888,835	49,290	47,765	24,695	22,275	790	820	705	839,545
French	33,080	4,615	4,465	550	3,905	15	95	55	28,460
Non-official languages	47,320	5,025	5,010	4,885	110	10	10	10	42,300
Aboriginal languages	4,880	4,850	4,845	4,825	15	10	0	10	30
Algonquian languages	4,860	4,825	4,815	4,800	15	0	10	0	30
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	15	10	15	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	4,840	4,810	4,800	4,785	15	0	0	10	30
Malecite	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	4,840	4,805	4,795	4,775	15	0	10	10	35
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	42,440	175	170	70	95	10	0	0	42,265
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% Sample Data^{Census data footnote 42}	908,340	51,495	49,940	25,835	23,315	795	835	720	856,845
Official languages	905,705	51,470	49,915	25,815	23,305	795	835	720	854,235
English	905,020	51,430	49,875	25,810	23,275	795	835	720	853,585
French	95,740	8,895	8,660	1,815	6,805	45	155	75	86,845
Non-official languages	64,100	6,140	6,100	5,690	385	25	25	10	57,960
Aboriginal languages	5,645	5,570	5,545	5,500	30	15	20	0	75
Algonquian languages	5,570	5,520	5,495	5,475	25	0	15	0	55
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	20	20	15	15	0	0	0	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	10
Woods Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5,545	5,500	5,475	5,450	20	0	20	10	50
Malecite	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5,540	5,495	5,470	5,445	25	0	15	10	45
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	15	15	10	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	10	10	0	10	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	10	0	10	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	35	15	15	0	0	15	0	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	15	10	0	0	10	0	0	15
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	10	15	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	10	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	58,485	595	580	220	350	0	10	0	57,890
Mobility status
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago for the population aged 1 year and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 43}	900,455	50,785	49,240	25,425	23,030	790	825	720	849,665
Non-movers	792,100	44,055	42,715	22,095	20,020	600	685	655	748,040
Movers	108,355	6,730	6,520	3,330	3,005	190	145	60	101,625
Non-migrants	68,160	4,050	3,930	2,085	1,750	90	65	55	64,115
Migrants	40,190	2,680	2,590	1,245	1,255	100	75	0	37,505
Internal migrants	33,715	2,630	2,545	1,220	1,230	95	80	10	31,090
Intraprovincial migrants	18,475	1,610	1,550	780	740	35	50	10	16,875
Interprovincial migrants	15,240	1,020	990	440	495	60	30	0	14,220
External migrants	6,470	45	45	20	25	10	0	0	6,420
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago for the population aged 5 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 44}	866,425	47,840	46,365	23,675	21,945	740	790	685	818,585
Non-movers	582,705	31,585	30,540	15,345	14,840	355	545	495	551,125
Movers	283,720	16,255	15,825	8,325	7,105	390	240	185	267,460
Non-migrants	169,570	10,040	9,805	5,235	4,360	205	110	125	159,535
Migrants	114,150	6,215	6,020	3,090	2,745	185	130	65	107,930
Internal migrants	94,880	6,070	5,870	3,020	2,690	170	130	65	88,810
Intraprovincial migrants	50,325	3,555	3,460	1,735	1,675	50	75	15	46,770
Interprovincial migrants	44,555	2,520	2,415	1,275	1,015	120	60	45	42,040
External migrants	19,270	145	150	75	60	15	0	0	19,120
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 45}	774,750	39,965	38,675	19,045	19,040	585	665	635	734,780
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	179,440	11,720	11,335	5,795	5,415	120	190	200	167,720
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	153,700	10,055	9,690	5,035	4,545	105	170	195	143,650
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate or diploma^{Census data footnote 46}	25,735	1,670	1,645	760	870	10	20	10	24,070
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate	595,310	28,245	27,340	13,250	13,625	465	475	435	567,065
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, no postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	195,905	9,690	9,365	4,965	4,270	135	170	155	186,215
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate, with postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 47}	399,410	18,555	17,975	8,285	9,360	330	295	285	380,850
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 48}	774,750	39,970	38,670	19,045	19,040	585	660	635	734,785
No certificate, diploma or degree	153,705	10,055	9,690	5,035	4,545	105	175	190	143,650
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate^{Census data footnote 49}	195,905	9,690	9,370	4,960	4,270	135	170	150	186,215
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	76,810	4,590	4,430	2,115	2,245	75	85	65	72,225
Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 50}	42,625	2,910	2,830	1,410	1,385	40	40	40	39,715
Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification^{Census data footnote 51}	34,185	1,680	1,600	705	865	35	45	30	32,505
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	168,805	9,295	9,035	4,010	4,880	145	145	110	159,505
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,380	980	950	500	440	10	15	15	17,405
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	161,150	5,365	5,195	2,425	2,655	110	70	100	155,785
Bachelor's degree	108,390	3,875	3,745	1,760	1,910	75	50	75	104,510
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Census data footnote 52}	52,760	1,490	1,445	665	745	35	20	25	51,275
Major field of study
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2016 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 53}	774,750	39,970	38,670	19,045	19,040	585	660	635	734,780
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Census data footnote 54}	349,610	19,745	19,055	9,995	8,815	245	345	340	329,865
Education	31,395	1,235	1,205	565	635	10	15	15	30,160
13. Education	31,390	1,235	1,205	565	635	10	15	10	30,160
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10,700	455	445	205	240	0	10	0	10,245
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,070	100	105	50	55	0	0	0	1,965
50. Visual and performing arts	8,635	355	345	155	185	10	10	0	8,275
Humanities	18,830	795	770	450	315	10	15	20	18,030
16. Aboriginal and foreign languages, literatures and linguistics	1,175	40	40	25	15	0	0	0	1,130
23. English language and literature/letters	5,115	135	135	75	60	0	0	0	4,975
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,545	345	345	235	110	0	0	10	4,195
30A Interdisciplinary humanities^{Census data footnote 55}	65	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	55
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,240	35	35	15	20	0	0	0	1,205
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,200	75	65	35	20	10	10	0	2,130
54. History	3,615	130	120	55	65	0	0	10	3,485
55. French language and literature/letters	880	25	20	0	15	0	0	10	850
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40,160	1,835	1,760	950	760	45	25	50	38,325
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	635	50	55	45	10	0	0	0	575
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,290	135	135	70	60	10	0	0	3,150
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	9,115	565	550	305	245	0	0	15	8,550
22. Legal professions and studies	6,110	285	280	160	105	10	10	10	5,820
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences^{Census data footnote 56}	605	30	20	0	20	0	10	0	575
42. Psychology	8,170	355	340	145	180	10	10	10	7,815
45. Social sciences	12,235	405	390	220	150	15	10	10	11,830
Business, management and public administration	93,075	4,120	4,035	1,780	2,185	70	35	45	88,955
30.16 Accounting and computer science	205	20	10	10	10	0	10	0	185
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,285	555	540	280	245	15	0	10	5,735
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	86,585	3,545	3,475	1,500	1,930	55	25	45	83,040
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15,340	425	420	165	245	10	10	0	14,910
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,915	205	205	70	130	10	0	0	6,705
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,340	130	125	65	65	0	10	0	3,210
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences^{Census data footnote 57}	160	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	155
40. Physical sciences	4,260	65	60	30	35	0	0	0	4,190
41. Science technologies/technicians	665	15	15	10	15	0	0	0	645
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,750	695	650	280	345	25	10	35	15,055
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	12,750	645	600	265	315	25	10	35	12,110
25. Library science	1,210	15	15	10	15	0	0	0	1,195
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,590	30	35	15	25	0	0	0	1,560
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences^{Census data footnote 58}	200	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	195
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	92,920	4,910	4,765	2,190	2,510	70	110	35	88,005
04. Architecture and related services	1,370	35	35	15	15	0	0	0	1,335
14. Engineering	11,925	325	320	130	175	10	10	0	11,600
15. Engineering technologies and engineering-related fields	17,805	890	850	370	480	0	25	10	16,915
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	24,805	1,640	1,620	795	795	30	15	0	23,160
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25,465	1,315	1,265	570	675	20	35	15	24,150
48. Precision production	11,545	710	680	310	370	0	25	0	10,840
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	7,630	350	335	195	135	0	10	10	7,275
01. Agriculture, agriculture operations and related sciences	4,215	125	115	70	40	0	0	10	4,090
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,415	225	225	125	95	0	0	0	3,190
Health and related fields	66,770	2,955	2,850	1,135	1,660	45	55	60	63,810
31. Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	3,555	120	120	55	60	0	0	0	3,440
51. Health professions and related programs	61,750	2,825	2,720	1,075	1,595	45	55	60	58,925
60. Dental, medical and veterinary residency programs	1,460	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,450
Personal, protective and transportation services	32,535	2,430	2,370	1,125	1,200	50	35	30	30,105
12. Personal and culinary services	17,625	1,115	1,080	475	580	25	15	20	16,510
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	250	10	10	10	0	0	0	0	240
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	905	40	40	15	20	0	0	0	865
43. Security and protective services	4,535	355	345	195	145	10	15	0	4,180
49. Transportation and materials moving	9,220	910	900	430	450	20	10	0	8,310
Other	45	15	10	0	0	10	0	0	40
30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other	50	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	40
Labour force status
Total - Labour force status for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% Sample data^{Census data footnote 59}	774,745	39,970	38,670	19,050	19,040	585	660	635	734,780
In the labour force	474,595	25,030	24,250	11,355	12,515	385	415	360	449,560
Employed	427,310	21,395	20,725	9,430	10,975	320	360	310	405,920
Unemployed	47,285	3,640	3,525	1,920	1,540	65	60	55	43,640
Not in the labour force	300,155	14,940	14,420	7,690	6,530	200	245	275	285,220
Participation rate	61.3	62.6	62.7	59.6	65.7	65.8	62.9	56.7	61.2
Employment rate	55.2	53.5	53.6	49.5	57.6	54.7	54.5	48.8	55.2
Unemployment rate	10.0	14.5	14.5	16.9	12.3	16.9	14.5	15.3	9.7
Class of worker
Total - Class of worker for the labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 60}	474,595	25,035	24,250	11,360	12,510	385	415	360	449,560
Class of worker - not applicable^{Census data footnote 61}	9,265	960	930	600	305	30	20	0	8,310
All classes of workers^{Census data footnote 62}	465,325	24,075	23,325	10,755	12,210	355	400	350	441,250
Employee	420,740	22,220	21,560	10,140	11,095	325	350	305	398,525
Self-employed^{Census data footnote 63}	44,580	1,850	1,760	620	1,115	30	45	45	42,735
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Work activity during the reference year for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 64}	774,750	39,970	38,670	19,045	19,040	585	665	635	734,780
Did not work^{Census data footnote 65}	274,380	13,775	13,265	7,230	5,845	200	240	265	260,600
Worked	500,370	26,195	25,400	11,820	13,195	385	425	370	474,180
Worked full time^{Census data footnote 66}	385,115	19,835	19,260	9,175	9,800	285	300	275	365,280
1 to 13 weeks	19,225	1,550	1,545	885	660	0	0	10	17,675
14 to 26 weeks	36,260	2,455	2,375	1,045	1,300	35	45	35	33,805
27 to 39 weeks	26,945	1,615	1,570	720	825	25	15	30	25,335
40 to 48 weeks	49,865	2,500	2,445	1,085	1,315	45	40	15	47,360
49 to 52 weeks	252,825	11,715	11,325	5,440	5,695	185	195	195	241,110
Worked part time^{Census data footnote 67}	115,260	6,360	6,140	2,645	3,400	95	125	95	108,895
1 to 13 weeks	24,140	1,530	1,450	690	745	15	55	25	22,615
14 to 26 weeks	22,715	1,400	1,365	605	725	30	25	15	21,315
27 to 39 weeks	13,860	760	745	320	415	10	10	0	13,095
40 to 48 weeks	17,125	880	865	330	525	10	10	10	16,245
49 to 52 weeks	37,420	1,790	1,720	690	985	40	30	45	35,625
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	39.2	39.2	38.9	39.3	42.8	38.5	41.7	41.7
Occupation
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2016 - for the labour force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 68}	474,590	25,030	24,255	11,355	12,510	385	420	360	449,565
Occupation - not applicable^{Census data footnote 69}	9,265	960	930	600	305	30	20	10	8,310
All occupations^{Census data footnote 70}	465,330	24,075	23,320	10,760	12,210	355	400	355	441,255
0 Management occupations	45,530	1,785	1,725	895	820	10	45	15	43,740
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	67,495	3,060	2,995	1,365	1,565	65	25	35	64,435
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	27,450	1,065	1,035	455	540	35	20	0	26,385
3 Health occupations	37,600	1,580	1,530	565	945	25	25	25	36,015
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	58,165	3,300	3,200	1,725	1,430	40	40	60	54,870
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	12,490	485	475	215	255	10	10	10	12,005
6 Sales and service occupations	113,140	6,355	6,125	2,870	3,150	110	125	105	106,785
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	67,625	3,540	3,400	1,645	1,705	45	75	65	64,085
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	18,380	1,690	1,645	585	1,060	0	20	25	16,690
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	17,460	1,215	1,190	445	740	10	10	10	16,245
Industry
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2012 for the labour Force population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 71}	474,590	25,030	24,255	11,355	12,510	385	415	365	449,560
Industry - NAICS 2012 - not applicable^{Census data footnote 72}	9,265	960	930	595	305	30	20	10	8,305
All industry categories^{Census data footnote 73}	465,330	24,075	23,325	10,760	12,210	355	400	355	441,255
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	17,775	1,670	1,645	530	1,115	0	20	10	16,100
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,025	160	155	75	85	0	0	10	3,865
22 Utilities	2,880	140	145	60	75	10	0	0	2,740
23 Construction	33,555	1,780	1,720	910	780	35	40	25	31,775
31-33 Manufacturing	32,370	1,815	1,770	665	1,100	15	20	20	30,555
41 Wholesale trade	13,345	515	495	180	310	10	10	20	12,825
44-45 Retail trade	59,570	3,150	3,040	1,400	1,595	50	85	20	56,420
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	19,660	880	850	350	485	20	10	15	18,785
51 Information and cultural industries	9,310	310	305	130	165	10	0	0	9,000
52 Finance and insurance	15,235	495	465	200	260	15	15	10	14,740
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	6,870	265	255	105	140	10	0	10	6,605
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	26,070	910	890	405	475	10	0	20	25,155
55 Management of companies and enterprises	625	10	10	0	10	0	0	10	615
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	22,240	1,220	1,160	640	495	20	10	45	21,020
61 Educational services	35,475	1,690	1,660	795	845	20	10	15	33,795
62 Health care and social assistance	64,390	3,240	3,140	1,470	1,620	50	60	45	61,150
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	9,385	605	585	320	260	10	0	15	8,785
72 Accommodation and food services	33,120	1,640	1,610	740	840	35	25	10	31,475
81 Other services (except public administration)	19,195	970	915	440	460	10	20	35	18,230
91 Public administration	40,225	2,590	2,510	1,360	1,105	45	55	30	37,635
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 74}	427,310	21,395	20,725	9,435	10,975	320	355	310	405,920
Worked at home	28,075	1,115	1,060	410	645	10	35	15	26,965
Worked outside Canada	1,670	50	45	15	25	0	0	0	1,620
No fixed workplace address	51,545	3,280	3,205	1,430	1,740	35	50	20	48,270
Worked at usual place	346,020	16,960	16,420	7,575	8,570	280	270	270	329,065
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work - 25% sample data	346,020	16,955	16,415	7,570	8,565	280	270	270	329,065
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	251,000	11,620	11,255	5,370	5,640	245	175	190	239,375
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	57,510	3,235	3,145	1,320	1,800	25	35	50	54,275
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	32,230	1,815	1,740	755	970	10	55	25	30,410
Commute to a different province or territory	5,285	280	275	125	150	0	10	10	5,005
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over in private households with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 75}	397,570	20,235	19,620	9,005	10,310	310	320	290	377,335
Car, truck, van - as a driver	310,240	15,850	15,375	6,810	8,355	215	255	220	294,390
Car, truck, van - as a passenger	29,145	1,635	1,545	800	730	30	35	50	27,515
Public transit	25,315	1,085	1,070	570	465	40	10	10	24,225
Walked	24,870	1,265	1,235	670	535	30	20	15	23,600
Bicycle	2,480	95	90	45	40	10	0	0	2,385
Other method	5,515	310	305	110	190	0	10	0	5,210
Language used at work
Total - Language used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 76}	514,075	27,085	26,265	12,270	13,600	395	445	380	486,990
Official languages	513,315	26,940	26,120	12,135	13,595	385	440	380	486,370
English	511,355	26,680	25,855	12,110	13,365	385	440	380	484,680
French	22,125	2,885	2,820	335	2,480	10	50	10	19,245
Non-official languages	6,290	1,645	1,640	1,590	50	0	10	0	4,650
Aboriginal languages	1,670	1,585	1,580	1,580	0	0	0	0	80
Algonquian languages	1,635	1,585	1,575	1,575	0	0	10	0	50
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Montagnais languages	10	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Montagnais (Innu)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moose Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern East Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swampy Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Woods Cree	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	1,630	1,580	1,570	1,570	0	0	10	0	50
Malecite	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	1,630	1,580	1,570	1,575	0	0	0	0	50
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ottawa (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Babine (Wetsuwet'en)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Beaver	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Carrier	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chilcotin	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dogrib (Tlicho)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sarsi (Sarcee)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sekani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Slavey (Hare)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
South Slavey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	25
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuit languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kutenai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Comox	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okanagan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shuswap (Secwepemctsin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thompson (Ntlakapamux)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwakiutl (Kwak'wala)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aboriginal languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Aboriginal languages	4,625	60	60	0	50	10	0	0	4,565
Income statistics in 2015
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 77}	774,750	39,970	38,670	19,050	19,040	585	665	635	734,780
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,275	37,495	36,315	17,645	18,125	545	590	590	706,780
Median total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	31,702	25,810	25,785	21,972	29,610	29,180	28,735	24,532	32,016
Average total income in 2015 among recipients ($)	41,479	33,884	33,814	30,119	37,367	35,258	36,004	36,047	41,882
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	744,560	37,510	36,330	17,650	18,135	545	590	590	707,050
Median after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	28,557	24,134	24,131	21,121	26,806	27,323	25,480	23,369	28,790
Average after-tax income in 2015 among recipients ($)	34,175	29,042	29,005	26,581	31,340	29,797	30,557	29,765	34,448
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	648,910	30,680	29,730	13,635	15,625	475	475	470	618,235
Median market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,889	25,278	25,294	23,111	26,959	27,565	23,073	26,857	30,103
Average market income in 2015 among recipients ($)	40,299	33,909	33,838	31,601	35,773	34,446	35,136	37,126	40,616
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	555,745	29,890	28,975	14,315	14,225	440	455	455	525,850
Median government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	7,431	5,828	5,744	4,180	6,971	3,330	9,052	7,737	7,544
Average government transfers in 2015 among recipients ($)	8,495	7,708	7,662	7,023	8,330	6,863	10,027	8,297	8,540
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data	523,020	27,280	26,475	12,370	13,695	405	420	385	495,735
Median employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	29,983	25,187	25,209	23,409	26,802	25,824	20,506	27,807	30,242
Average employment income in 2015 among recipients ($)	39,522	33,259	33,171	31,220	34,899	34,352	32,328	40,302	39,866
Employment income statistics
Total - Employment income statistics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 78}	774,750	39,970	38,670	19,045	19,040	585	660	635	734,785
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households who worked full year full time in 2015 - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 79}	245,425	11,320	10,955	5,200	5,575	175	175	190	234,100
Median employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 80}	47,665	43,110	43,095	40,214	44,855	45,928	47,292	40,048	47,904
Average employment income in 2015 for full-year full-time workers ($)^{Census data footnote 81}	56,820	49,812	49,644	47,729	51,339	52,589	52,063	57,396	57,159
Composition of total income in 2015
Composition of total income in 2015 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 82}	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Market income (%)^{Census data footnote 83}	84.7	81.9	81.9	81.1	82.5	83.5	77.9	82.0	84.8
Employment income (%)^{Census data footnote 84}	67.0	71.4	71.5	72.7	70.6	72.4	63.9	73.0	66.8
Government transfers (%)^{Census data footnote 85}	15.3	18.1	18.1	18.9	17.5	15.7	21.7	17.8	15.2
Total income groups in 2015
Total - Total income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 86}	774,750	39,965	38,675	19,050	19,040	585	660	640	734,780
Without total income	30,475	2,470	2,355	1,405	915	35	70	45	28,005
With total income	744,275	37,495	36,320	17,645	18,125	550	590	590	706,780
Percentage with total income	96.1	93.8	93.9	92.6	95.2	94.0	89.4	92.2	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	104,430	8,005	7,790	4,775	2,925	90	120	95	96,430
$10,000 to $19,999	134,405	7,390	7,125	3,465	3,555	100	110	165	127,020
$20,000 to $29,999	115,815	5,515	5,315	2,545	2,685	85	95	105	110,295
$30,000 to $39,999	97,670	4,785	4,665	2,115	2,475	80	60	55	92,890
$40,000 to $49,999	79,015	3,470	3,345	1,410	1,865	65	75	55	75,545
$50,000 to $59,999	57,415	2,165	2,105	865	1,195	45	30	30	55,250
$60,000 to $69,999	41,245	1,860	1,810	730	1,045	35	35	15	39,380
$70,000 to $79,999	33,240	1,360	1,305	515	785	0	25	25	31,880
$80,000 to $89,999	25,250	1,010	985	450	520	15	10	15	24,235
$90,000 to $99,999	15,390	630	610	275	330	0	10	10	14,760
$100,000 and over	40,405	1,310	1,265	505	745	20	30	20	39,085
$100,000 to $149,999	28,220	985	955	390	550	15	20	10	27,235
$150,000 and over	12,175	330	310	110	190	0	10	15	11,850
After-tax income groups in 2015
Total - After-tax income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 87}	774,750	39,970	38,670	19,050	19,040	585	665	635	734,785
Without after-tax income	30,190	2,455	2,340	1,395	905	35	70	45	27,730
With after-tax income	744,560	37,510	36,330	17,650	18,135	550	590	590	707,050
Percentage with after-tax income	96.1	93.8	93.9	92.7	95.2	94.0	88.7	92.9	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	109,210	8,130	7,920	4,820	3,005	95	125	90	101,075
$10,000 to $19,999	142,525	7,730	7,435	3,605	3,735	100	115	180	134,790
$20,000 to $29,999	138,965	6,770	6,540	3,000	3,420	115	110	115	132,195
$30,000 to $39,999	119,095	5,320	5,185	2,265	2,830	95	70	65	113,775
$40,000 to $49,999	83,855	3,450	3,340	1,375	1,900	65	70	40	80,400
$50,000 to $59,999	56,365	2,430	2,360	925	1,390	35	35	35	53,930
$60,000 to $69,999	38,650	1,595	1,550	710	825	15	15	30	37,055
$70,000 to $79,999	21,055	860	825	385	430	10	25	15	20,190
$80,000 and over	34,855	1,215	1,170	555	600	15	25	20	33,640
$80,000 to $89,999	11,545	495	475	225	240	10	15	10	11,055
$90,000 to $99,999	6,905	200	195	95	95	0	10	0	6,705
$100,000 and over	16,400	520	495	235	255	10	10	15	15,880
Employment income groups in 2015
Total - Employment income groups in 2015 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 88}	774,750	39,970	38,675	19,045	19,040	580	660	635	734,785
Without employment income	251,730	12,685	12,195	6,675	5,340	180	245	250	239,045
With employment income	523,020	27,280	26,480	12,370	13,700	405	420	385	495,735
Percentage with employment income	67.5	68.3	68.5	65.0	72.0	69.8	63.6	60.6	67.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	73,280	4,540	4,405	2,225	2,105	65	75	65	68,740
$5,000 to $9,999	45,705	2,875	2,810	1,375	1,410	25	50	20	42,825
$10,000 to $19,999	76,115	4,375	4,220	1,970	2,180	70	80	75	71,745
$20,000 to $29,999	66,520	3,630	3,530	1,735	1,740	60	50	50	62,885
$30,000 to $39,999	60,515	3,085	3,000	1,525	1,430	50	25	55	57,440
$40,000 to $49,999	49,460	2,405	2,355	1,010	1,320	20	30	20	47,055
$50,000 to $59,999	37,670	1,680	1,635	615	980	35	20	25	35,995
$60,000 to $69,999	28,560	1,380	1,335	540	765	25	30	10	27,180
$70,000 to $79,999	25,045	1,035	995	420	570	0	20	20	24,010
$80,000 and over	60,140	2,280	2,195	960	1,200	40	35	50	57,860
$80,000 to $89,999	20,020	830	805	375	415	15	10	10	19,190
$90,000 to $99,999	11,550	475	445	185	255	0	15	15	11,075
$100,000 and over	28,565	975	940	400	525	20	10	20	27,595
Income statistics in 2015 for economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 89}	269,510	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	77,351	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	93,027	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax total income of economic families in 2015 ($)	66,589	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of economic families in 2015 ($)	76,371	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families without children or other relatives in private households - 25% sample data	121,285	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	71,051	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	85,511	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	61,601	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families without children or other relatives in 2015 ($)	70,143	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families without children or other relatives	2.0	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for couple economic families with children in private households - 25% sample data	97,485	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	105,408	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	119,890	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	88,283	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of couple economic families with children in 2015 ($)	97,021	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of couple economic families with children	3.8	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for lone-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	43,475	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	45,090	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average total income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	54,587	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Median after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	41,895	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average after-tax income of lone-parent economic families in 2015 ($)	47,700	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Average family size of lone-parent economic families	2.6	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...	not applicable ...
Income statistics in 2015 for persons
Total - Income statistics in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 90}	157,405	7,105	6,895	3,650	3,110	140	90	115	150,305
Median total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 91}	28,209	23,189	23,126	19,548	28,644	21,197	33,822	21,400	28,413
Average total income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 92}	36,847	31,341	31,266	26,732	36,772	26,906	45,049	25,520	37,107
Median after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 93}	25,957	21,988	21,994	19,073	25,751	21,197	29,583	20,230	26,143
Average after-tax income in 2015 for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families ($)^{Census data footnote 94}	30,893	26,887	26,835	23,640	30,746	23,074	36,051	23,065	31,083
Economic family income decile group
Total - Economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 95}	908,340	51,490	49,940	25,830	23,315	790	835	720	856,850
In the bottom half of the distribution	521,660	34,375	33,340	18,880	13,945	515	580	450	487,285
In the bottom decile	105,685	10,360	10,090	7,245	2,725	115	180	90	95,330
In the second decile	112,725	7,085	6,865	3,735	3,020	115	125	85	105,645
In the third decile	102,630	6,105	5,950	2,955	2,895	100	80	70	96,530
In the fourth decile	101,555	5,665	5,470	2,600	2,770	95	85	110	95,895
In the fifth decile	99,060	5,170	4,965	2,340	2,530	90	110	90	93,890
In the top half of the distribution	386,680	17,120	16,595	6,950	9,370	275	250	270	369,565
In the sixth decile	93,750	4,025	3,930	1,715	2,145	70	50	50	89,725
In the seventh decile	89,855	4,305	4,155	1,705	2,410	30	50	90	85,550
In the eighth decile	81,580	3,990	3,865	1,675	2,135	60	85	40	77,595
In the ninth decile	70,225	3,165	3,080	1,170	1,830	75	30	50	67,065
In the top decile	51,275	1,640	1,570	685	845	35	40	35	49,630
Low-income status in 2015
Total - Low-income status in 2015 for the population in private households to whom low-income concepts are applicable - 25% sample data^{Census data footnote 96}	898,370	42,145	40,635	16,545	23,295	785	835	675	856,225
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	154,995	8,690	8,320	3,925	4,185	210	255	115	146,310
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.3	20.6	20.5	23.7	18.0	26.8	30.5	17.0	17.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	70,295	4,010	3,860	2,080	1,705	75	110	40	66,280
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.8	9.5	9.5	12.6	7.3	9.6	13.2	5.9	7.7

Symbol(s):

^...

not applicable

...

Note(s):

Footnote 1

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 2

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 3

'Single Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are in only one Aboriginal group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 4

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 5

'Multiple Aboriginal responses' includes persons who are any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 6

'Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere' includes persons who are not First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit), but who have Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 7

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Marital status.

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Footnote 8

For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family; Stepfamily status of couple family with children; and Relationship structure of stepfamily.

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Footnote 9

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 10

In an intact family, all children are the biological or adopted children of both persons in the couple. This category also includes children living in census families for whom it cannot be determined whether it is an intact family or a stepfamily.

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Footnote 11

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 12

In a simple stepfamily, none of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 13

In a complex stepfamily, some or all of the children are step-siblings or half-siblings.

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Footnote 14

One or more grandparents of the child may also be present in the household.

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Footnote 15

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the Census of Population. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 16

Registered or Treaty Indian Status' includes persons who are a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 17

Aboriginal ancestry refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and Inuit. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 19

'Single Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 20

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Footnote 21

'Multiple Aboriginal ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 23

'Single Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 24

'Multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Aboriginal ancestry.

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Footnote 25

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Aboriginal ancestry only.

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Footnote 26

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry in the census. For more information on Aboriginal variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016 and the Aboriginal Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2016. For additional information on the collection and dissemination of ethnic origin data, refer to the Ethnic Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 27

In the Census of Population, some respondents may choose to provide very specific Aboriginal ancestries, while other respondents may choose to give more general responses. This means that two respondents with the same ancestry could have different response patterns and thus could be counted as having different Aboriginal ancestries. For example, one respondent may report 'First Nations' ethnic origin while another respondent, with a similar ancestral background, may report 'Ojibway' or 'Anishinaabe' ancestry; one respondent may report 'North American Indian' while another, similar respondent, may report 'Coast Salish' or 'Cowichan.' As a result, Aboriginal ancestry data are fluid, and counts for specific origins may seem different than initially expected. Users who wish to obtain broader response counts may wish to combine data for one or more ancestries together.

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Footnote 28

Includes general responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Anishinaabe') as well as more specific responses indicating Anishinaabe ancestry (e.g., 'Nipissing').

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Footnote 29

Includes general responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Blackfoot') as well as more specific responses indicating Blackfoot ancestry (e.g., 'Siksika,' 'Piikani').

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Footnote 30

Includes general responses indicating Dene ancestry (e.g., 'Dene').

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Footnote 31

Includes general responses indicating Iroquois ancestry (e.g., 'Iroquois,' 'Haudenosaunee') as well as more specific responses indicating Iroquois origins (e.g., 'Seneca,' 'Onondaga,' 'Tuscarora').

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Footnote 32

Includes general responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Salish') as well as more specific responses indicating Salish ancestry (e.g., 'Coast Salish,' 'Interior Salish,' 'K'omoks,' 'Saanich').

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Footnote 33

Includes general responses indicating Sioux ancestry (e.g., 'Sioux').

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Footnote 34

Includes general responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Tutchone') as well as more specific responses indicating Tutchone ancestry (e.g., 'Northern Tutchone,' 'Southern Tutchone').

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Footnote 35

Includes general responses indicating First Nations ancestry (e.g., 'First Nations,' 'North American Indian') as well as more specific responses indicating First Nations ancestry that have not been included elsewhere (e.g., 'Passamaquoddy,' 'Crow,' 'Cheyenne,' 'Athabascan').

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Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both languages or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 37

First official language spoken is specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act. It refers to the first official language (i.e., English or French) spoken by the person.

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Footnote 38

The official language minority population of Quebec includes all individuals with English as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French. The official language minority population of the country overall and of every province and territory other than Quebec includes individuals with French as a first official language spoken and half of those with both English and French.

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Footnote 39

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Footnote 40

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 41

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 42

'Knowledge of official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

'Knowledge of non-official languages' refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

This is a total population count. The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

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Footnote 43

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 44

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 10, 2016, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

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Footnote 45

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 46

Here, 'postsecondary certificate or diploma' includes the categories 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' and 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma.'

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Footnote 47

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 48

Users are advised to consult data quality comments for 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree,' available in the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

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Footnote 49

'Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational qualification. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

'Trades certificate or diploma other than Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions.

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Footnote 51

'Certificate of Apprenticeship or Certificate of Qualification' also includes Journeyperson's designations.

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Footnote 52

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 53

'Field of study' refers to the discipline or area of learning/training associated with a particular course or programme of study.

This variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2016.

This 'Major field of study' variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered by certain types of institutions.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households.

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2016 - Alternative primary groupings' CIP variant, with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2016: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/concepts/classification.

For information on collection, classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2016, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2016013.

Certain series and their subcomponents are not used when coding major field of study for the census. These are series 21, 32 to 37 and 53, which represent non-credit and personal improvement fields of study.

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Footnote 54

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 55

'Interdisciplinary humanities' includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies' and '30.29 Maritime studies.'

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Footnote 56

'Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences' includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/global studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction' and '30.33 Sustainability studies.'

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Footnote 57

'Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences' includes '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology' and '30.32 Marine sciences.'

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Footnote 58

'Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences' includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science' and '30.30 Computational science.'

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Footnote 59

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016.

Early enumeration was conducted in remote, isolated parts of the provinces and territories. When enumeration has taken place before May 2016, the reference date used is the date on which the household was enumerated.

In the past, this variable was called 'labour force activity.'

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Footnote 60

Class of worker refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over is an employee or is self-employed.

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Footnote 61

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 62

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 63

Includes persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business with paid help or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

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Footnote 64

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in 2015 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

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Footnote 65

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2015, persons who worked in 2016, but not in 2015.

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Footnote 66

Full time is 30 hours or more per week.

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Footnote 67

Part time is less than 30 hours per week.

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Footnote 68

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2016.

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Footnote 69

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 70

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016 were employed, and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 71

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The data are produced according to the NAICS 2012.

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Footnote 72

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who last worked prior to January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 73

Includes the experienced labour force which refers to persons aged 15 years and over who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday May 7, 2016, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2015 or 2016.

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Footnote 74

Classification of respondents according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

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Footnote 75

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

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Footnote 76

The sum of the languages in this table is greater than the total population count because a person may report more than one language in the census.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

Refers to the language used at work, as reported on May 10, 2016 by the individuals aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2015.

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Footnote 77

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period.

It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 78

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 79

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2015. For more information, see variable work activity in 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

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Footnote 80

Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 81

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group.

Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

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Footnote 82

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 83

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 84

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 85

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Working income tax benefit;
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 86

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 86 referrer

Footnote 87

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Return to footnote 87 referrer

Footnote 88

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 89

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

Return to footnote 89 referrer

Footnote 90

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

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Footnote 91

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 92

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 93

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 94

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

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Footnote 95

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

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Footnote 96

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2016 Census, the reference period is the calendar year 2015 for all income variables.

The low-income concepts are not applied in the territories and in certain areas based on census subdivision type (such as Indian reserves). The existence of substantial in-kind transfers (such as subsidized housing and First Nations band housing) and sizeable barter economies or consumption from own production (such as product from hunting, farming or fishing) could make the interpretation of low-income statistics more difficult in these situations.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2016 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 4.2 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI).

The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 4.3 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2015, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2016.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Return to footnote 96 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2018. Nova Scotia [Province] (table). Aboriginal Population Profile. 2016 Census. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-510-X2016001. Ottawa. Released July 18, 2018.
http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/abpopprof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Date modified:: 2019-06-19

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Nova Scotia [Province]

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Aboriginal Population Profile, 2016 Census
Nova Scotia [Province]