2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

Archived Content

Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please contact us to request a format other than those available.

Topic-based tabulation: Aboriginal Ancestry (14), Area of Residence (6), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (227A), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006001
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Aboriginal peoples
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (227A)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.


Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Note: Major field of study - Classification of instructional programs - (CIP), Canada, 2000

For the first time with the 2006 Census, major field of study data were coded with the Classification of Instructional Programs - (CIP), Canada, 2000.

Prior to the 2006 Census, the Major Field of Study Classification (MFS) was used to classify major field of study. We recommend users not make historical comparisons between the two classification systems. Even though some entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison would be inappropriate given the much more detailed character of the new classification.

A theoretical concordance table between the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) and the Major Field of Study Classification (MFS) showing the definitional relationship between the two classifications was developed. This table is available in the 2006 Census Dictionary (Appendix N). This type of concordance allows users to see the relationship between the two classes of systems based on the definitional aspects of each system. However, users are cautioned that this type of concordance can not be used to convert counts from one classification system to another.

Note: Mobility status (1 year ago) universe

The 'Mobility status (1 year ago)' universe includes persons 1 year of age and over residing in Canada, excluding institutional residents and Canadians (military and government personnel of Canada) in households outside Canada. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Mobility status (5 years ago) universe

The 'Mobility status (5 years ago)' universe includes persons 5 years of age and over residing in Canada, excluding institutional residents and Canadians (military and government personnel of Canada) in households outside Canada. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.


Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details aboriginal ancestry , area of residence , age groups , sex and selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in CanadaFootnote 2
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (227A) Aboriginal ancestry (14)
Total - Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestry population Total - Aboriginal ancestry populationFootnote 3 Aboriginal ancestry single responses Aboriginal ancestry multiple responses Total - North American Indian ancestryFootnote 4 North American Indian ancestry single responses North American Indian ancestry multiple responses Total - Métis ancestryFootnote 5 Métis ancestry single responses Métis ancestry multiple responses Total - Inuit ancestryFootnote 6 Inuit ancestry single responses Inuit ancestry multiple responses Total - Non-Aboriginal ancestry population
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 7 25,664,220 1,182,505 436,955 745,550 880,415 353,690 526,725 292,905 56,415 236,495 43,350 26,855 16,495 24,481,720
Never legally married (single) 8,963,160 611,055 251,830 359,225 465,875 207,090 258,785 135,975 27,815 108,160 25,930 16,925 9,005 8,352,110
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 8 12,415,720 386,670 118,955 267,715 273,370 93,300 180,065 111,615 18,155 93,465 13,110 7,500 5,610 12,029,055
Separated, but still legally married 766,035 48,730 18,235 30,495 37,435 15,035 22,400 11,745 2,580 9,165 1,190 625 565 717,305
Divorced 2,067,200 97,030 29,145 67,880 73,620 22,855 50,765 25,005 5,560 19,440 1,675 730 945 1,970,170
Widowed 1,452,110 39,025 18,790 20,235 30,110 15,405 14,705 8,560 2,295 6,265 1,455 1,085 370 1,413,080
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 9 31,074,405 1,671,680 627,470 1,044,210 1,248,825 510,000 738,820 407,355 76,595 330,765 65,690 40,875 24,820 29,402,720
Number of family persons 26,113,390 1,425,875 528,335 897,545 1,059,665 429,200 630,465 351,080 62,315 288,760 58,755 36,815 21,935 24,687,515
Husbands or wives 12,211,820 380,715 115,840 264,880 268,590 90,680 177,915 110,515 17,815 92,700 12,885 7,345 5,545 11,831,105
Common-law partners 2,753,735 203,600 85,060 118,535 158,570 70,155 88,415 42,055 9,125 32,925 8,250 5,780 2,465 2,550,140
Lone parents 1,414,065 121,920 59,355 62,565 97,095 50,200 46,895 24,030 5,860 18,170 4,715 3,295 1,420 1,292,145
Children in census families 9,733,770 719,645 268,080 451,565 535,405 218,160 317,245 174,480 29,515 144,960 32,900 20,400 12,500 9,014,125
Number of persons not in census families 4,961,010 245,805 99,135 146,670 189,155 80,800 108,360 56,280 14,280 42,000 6,940 4,055 2,885 4,715,205
Living with relatives 644,015 54,525 32,115 22,410 44,110 27,420 16,695 9,460 3,035 6,425 2,335 1,665 670 589,485
Living with non-relatives only 989,950 57,880 20,205 37,675 43,010 15,775 27,240 14,935 3,680 11,255 1,505 750 755 932,070
Living alone 3,327,050 133,405 46,820 86,585 102,040 37,615 64,420 31,880 7,565 24,320 3,095 1,640 1,455 3,193,650
Total population 1 year and overFootnote 10 30,897,210 1,645,970 618,135 1,027,835 1,228,940 501,895 727,045 401,815 76,160 325,650 64,415 40,085 24,330 29,251,235
Lived at the same address 1 year ago 26,534,115 1,330,910 509,610 821,305 992,535 415,095 577,440 323,340 59,925 263,415 54,285 34,590 19,700 25,203,200
Lived within the same province or territory 1 year ago, but changed addresses within the same census subdivision (municipality) 2,554,260 189,995 65,095 124,905 140,560 50,525 90,035 48,785 10,840 37,945 6,505 3,725 2,780 2,364,265
Lived within the same province or territory 1 year ago, but changed addresses from another census subdivision (municipality) within the same province or territory 1,221,560 97,175 35,630 61,540 76,140 30,455 45,680 21,655 4,000 17,660 2,320 1,180 1,140 1,124,390
Lived in a different province or territory 1 year ago 289,740 24,650 7,220 17,430 17,160 5,300 11,855 7,305 1,335 5,970 1,245 580 670 265,095
Lived in a different country 1 year ago 297,530 3,240 585 2,655 2,550 520 2,035 725 60 670 55 0 50 294,290
Total population 5 years and overFootnote 11 29,544,480 1,519,295 568,850 950,445 1,132,690 461,330 671,360 373,320 71,275 302,045 58,390 36,245 22,140 28,025,190
Lived at the same address 5 years ago 17,457,170 811,535 340,990 470,545 609,175 281,910 327,265 190,900 35,905 154,995 35,095 23,175 11,920 16,645,630
Lived within the same province or territory 5 years ago, but changed addresses within the same census subdivision (municipality) 6,507,905 400,580 133,595 266,990 293,495 103,120 190,375 104,155 21,265 82,890 14,805 9,210 5,595 6,107,320
Lived within the same province or territory 5 years ago, but changed addresses from another census subdivision (municipality) within the same province or territory 3,566,790 232,195 74,585 157,605 177,195 61,655 115,540 56,560 10,365 46,195 5,315 2,565 2,750 3,334,595
Lived in a different province or territory 5 years ago 852,580 66,800 18,185 48,615 46,115 13,365 32,750 20,255 3,575 16,685 3,030 1,245 1,785 785,785
Lived in a different country 5 years ago 1,160,040 8,185 1,495 6,690 6,710 1,275 5,435 1,455 165 1,290 145 50 95 1,151,855
Total - Registered Indian statusFootnote 12 31,241,030 1,678,235 630,420 1,047,810 1,253,620 512,150 741,465 409,065 77,295 331,770 65,885 40,975 24,910 29,562,795
Registered IndianFootnote 13 623,780 583,150 429,440 153,705 563,645 421,115 142,530 29,935 7,575 22,360 2,950 750 2,200 40,630
Not a Registered Indian 30,617,250 1,095,085 200,980 894,105 689,970 91,035 598,935 379,135 69,720 309,410 62,935 40,225 22,715 29,522,160
Total - Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal identity populationFootnote 14 31,241,030 1,678,235 630,425 1,047,815 1,253,620 512,150 741,465 409,065 77,295 331,770 65,885 40,980 24,910 29,562,795
Total Aboriginal identity populationFootnote 15 1,172,790 1,049,770 570,495 479,275 768,795 463,215 305,575 267,915 68,055 199,850 54,215 39,220 14,995 123,020
North American Indian single responseFootnote 16 698,025 647,020 443,785 203,235 641,545 441,490 200,055 15,305 2,010 13,300 1,705 290 1,410 51,000
Métis single response 389,780 330,730 80,345 250,390 105,745 14,595 91,150 247,560 65,595 181,965 2,120 155 1,960 59,050
Inuit single response 50,480 49,635 38,855 10,780 1,395 125 1,270 375 10 370 49,440 38,725 10,710 845
Multiple Aboriginal identity responses 7,740 7,080 905 6,175 5,450 565 4,880 3,905 300 3,600 855 35 825 660
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhereFootnote 17 26,760 15,300 6,605 8,690 14,655 6,440 8,220 760 150 610 100 15 85 11,465
Non-Aboriginal identity population 30,068,245 628,465 59,925 568,540 484,825 48,935 435,890 141,155 9,235 131,915 11,670 1,755 9,915 29,439,775
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 18 31,241,030 1,678,235 630,420 1,047,815 1,253,615 512,150 741,465 409,070 77,295 331,770 65,885 40,980 24,910 29,562,795
Total single responses 30,848,270 1,656,185 620,100 1,036,090 1,235,395 502,985 732,415 405,150 76,580 328,570 65,110 40,535 24,570 29,192,080
English 17,882,780 1,174,140 372,460 801,680 854,160 302,145 552,015 328,990 59,510 269,480 29,790 10,805 18,985 16,708,630
French 6,817,655 267,950 57,435 210,520 204,345 42,905 161,440 67,665 13,985 53,680 2,270 545 1,725 6,549,705
Aboriginal languages 210,075 206,230 188,005 18,230 171,230 156,345 14,890 6,265 2,525 3,745 32,875 29,140 3,735 3,840
Other single responses 5,937,765 7,860 2,205 5,655 5,670 1,600 4,070 2,225 555 1,670 180 55 125 5,929,900
Total multiple responses 392,760 22,050 10,325 11,725 18,215 9,165 9,055 3,920 715 3,200 780 440 340 370,710
English and Aboriginal language 11,035 10,655 8,395 2,255 9,865 7,825 2,040 665 205 465 520 370 145 385
French and Aboriginal language 855 810 570 245 680 480 200 120 50 70 60 40 25 45
English, French and Aboriginal language 240 240 105 135 200 80 110 50 20 30 10 0 15 0
Other multiple responses 380,630 10,340 1,255 9,090 7,470 775 6,700 3,080 445 2,635 190 30 160 370,285
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 19 31,241,030 1,678,235 630,425 1,047,815 1,253,615 512,150 741,465 409,070 77,295 331,770 65,885 40,980 24,910 29,562,795
Total single responses 30,665,025 1,660,465 620,155 1,040,315 1,238,645 502,935 735,710 406,480 76,750 329,735 65,120 40,470 24,650 29,004,560
English 20,584,775 1,296,045 442,265 853,785 946,145 361,670 584,475 355,915 64,010 291,910 36,990 16,585 20,405 19,288,725
French 6,608,120 232,525 55,865 176,665 187,880 43,790 144,095 47,230 11,385 35,845 2,275 690 1,590 6,375,595
Aboriginal languages 129,340 128,050 120,685 7,365 101,880 96,560 5,325 2,240 980 1,265 25,755 23,150 2,605 1,285
Other single responses 3,342,790 3,845 1,345 2,505 2,735 915 1,810 1,095 375 720 100 45 50 3,338,945
Total multiple responses 576,005 17,765 10,265 7,500 14,975 9,215 5,760 2,585 545 2,040 765 505 260 558,240
English and Aboriginal language 9,680 9,450 8,235 1,215 8,755 7,640 1,110 405 140 265 590 455 140 230
French and Aboriginal language 695 670 615 60 620 565 55 15 10 10 40 35 0 25
English, French and Aboriginal language 75 70 65 10 55 50 0 15 10 0 10 0 0 0
Other multiple responses 565,550 7,570 1,350 6,215 5,545 950 4,590 2,150 385 1,765 130 15 115 557,980
Total population by knowledge of Aboriginal languagesFootnote 20 31,241,030 1,678,230 630,425 1,047,810 1,253,615 512,150 741,470 409,065 77,295 331,770 65,885 40,980 24,910 29,562,795
Total single responses 20,015,415 1,189,670 382,700 806,970 878,090 307,385 570,705 318,500 61,855 256,645 31,440 13,460 17,980 18,825,745
English 15,697,475 1,056,880 338,710 718,175 769,055 274,385 494,670 298,045 55,560 242,485 25,700 8,765 16,935 14,640,590
French 3,851,775 119,570 31,820 87,750 100,675 25,365 75,310 20,220 6,195 14,025 980 260 720 3,732,205
Aboriginal languages 12,730 12,540 11,890 650 7,880 7,450 425 50 25 20 4,730 4,410 315 185
Other single responses 453,440 675 285 395 490 190 295 185 70 120 30 25 10 452,765
Total multiple responses 11,225,615 488,570 247,725 240,840 375,525 204,765 170,760 90,565 15,440 75,125 34,445 27,520 6,930 10,737,050
English and Aboriginal language 217,295 211,910 188,125 23,790 180,080 159,965 20,120 8,220 3,470 4,750 28,445 24,690 3,760 5,385
French and Aboriginal language 14,515 14,235 13,365 870 13,300 12,475 825 50 30 15 930 860 75 280
English, French and Aboriginal language 11,825 10,670 8,025 2,650 8,415 6,335 2,080 660 275 390 1,970 1,415 555 1,155
Other multiple responses 10,981,980 251,745 38,210 213,535 173,725 25,995 147,735 81,635 11,665 69,965 3,095 560 2,540 10,730,230
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 21 25,664,220 1,182,505 436,955 745,545 880,415 353,690 526,725 292,905 56,410 236,495 43,355 26,855 16,495 24,481,720
In the labour force 17,146,135 790,800 249,155 541,645 574,150 196,340 377,805 212,285 36,760 175,515 27,315 16,045 11,270 16,355,335
Employed 16,021,180 693,685 202,060 491,625 497,910 156,805 341,100 193,310 32,670 160,640 22,335 12,585 9,750 15,327,490
Unemployed 1,124,955 97,110 47,090 50,025 76,240 39,530 36,705 18,970 4,090 14,875 4,980 3,460 1,515 1,027,845
Not in the labour force 8,518,090 391,705 187,805 203,905 306,270 157,345 148,915 80,620 19,645 60,980 16,040 10,810 5,230 8,126,385
Participation rate 66.8 66.9 57.0 72.7 65.2 55.5 71.7 72.5 65.2 74.2 63.0 59.7 68.3 66.8
Employment rate 62.4 58.7 46.2 65.9 56.6 44.3 64.8 66.0 57.9 67.9 51.5 46.9 59.1 62.6
Unemployment rate 6.6 12.3 18.9 9.2 13.3 20.1 9.7 8.9 11.1 8.5 18.2 21.6 13.4 6.3
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 22 17,146,135 790,795 249,155 541,645 574,150 196,340 377,810 212,280 36,760 175,515 27,315 16,050 11,270 16,355,340
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 23 284,950 26,840 15,375 11,465 22,640 13,595 9,045 3,975 955 3,020 1,065 830 240 258,115
All classes of workerFootnote 24 16,861,180 763,960 233,775 530,180 551,510 182,745 368,765 208,310 35,815 172,495 26,250 15,220 11,030 16,097,225
Wage earners 14,816,205 703,515 220,350 483,165 508,795 172,720 336,080 189,895 32,925 156,970 25,165 14,710 10,460 14,112,685
Self-employedFootnote 25 1,993,715 58,865 13,130 45,735 41,605 9,835 31,770 17,905 2,790 15,115 1,075 505 570 1,934,850
Unpaid family workers 51,265 1,580 300 1,280 1,105 190 915 500 95 410 15 10 0 49,690
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 26 17,146,135 790,800 249,155 541,645 574,150 196,340 377,805 212,280 36,765 175,520 27,315 16,050 11,265 16,355,340
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 27 284,955 26,840 15,375 11,465 22,640 13,600 9,045 3,975 955 3,025 1,065 825 235 258,115
All industriesFootnote 28 16,861,185 763,960 233,775 530,180 551,510 182,745 368,765 208,305 35,810 172,490 26,250 15,220 11,030 16,097,225
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 523,655 26,915 11,270 15,645 20,015 9,575 10,435 7,185 1,485 5,700 495 215 280 496,735
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 238,810 18,885 6,450 12,435 11,670 4,485 7,185 7,140 1,415 5,730 910 555 355 219,930
22 Utilities 132,945 6,595 2,330 4,265 4,340 1,640 2,700 2,030 405 1,625 405 280 120 126,350
23 Construction 1,069,100 61,850 21,055 40,795 43,830 16,485 27,350 18,185 3,655 14,535 1,675 915 760 1,007,250
31-33 Manufacturing 2,005,985 69,580 16,850 52,735 50,695 12,815 37,875 19,470 3,625 15,845 1,175 410 765 1,936,400
41 Wholesale trade 739,305 22,520 4,455 18,060 15,660 3,100 12,560 6,955 1,180 5,775 550 175 375 716,785
44-45 Retail trade 1,917,175 84,670 21,770 62,895 59,470 15,880 43,585 24,400 3,965 20,435 3,265 1,925 1,345 1,832,505
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 820,195 36,775 10,460 26,315 25,740 7,395 18,350 10,735 2,245 8,490 1,455 820 635 783,420
51 Information and cultural industries 417,320 14,045 2,660 11,390 10,170 1,935 8,235 3,775 480 3,290 405 240 165 403,280
52 Finance and insurance 689,210 16,420 2,780 13,645 11,230 1,960 9,275 5,190 730 4,465 360 95 265 672,785
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 303,510 10,705 2,585 8,120 7,195 1,700 5,495 3,210 485 2,720 635 400 235 292,805
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 1,122,450 28,650 4,670 23,980 20,895 3,610 17,285 7,880 815 7,070 610 245 360 1,093,795
55 Management of companies and enterprises 20,535 560 145 420 390 125 270 165 10 155 25 10 15 19,970
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 722,695 37,655 11,475 26,170 28,405 9,350 19,055 9,210 1,590 7,625 1,050 540 515 685,045
61 Educational services 1,150,530 49,870 17,660 32,210 37,095 14,310 22,785 12,290 1,795 10,500 2,200 1,555 650 1,100,660
62 Health care and social assistance 1,716,255 85,700 29,395 56,310 62,585 23,710 38,875 22,575 3,625 18,950 3,150 2,060 1,090 1,630,550
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 346,315 19,150 5,870 13,275 14,500 4,785 9,710 4,535 725 3,810 585 360 225 327,165
72 Accommodation and food services 1,126,695 62,175 17,660 44,515 44,895 13,715 31,175 17,300 3,170 14,125 1,630 770 860 1,064,520
81 Other services (except public administration) 819,880 36,145 9,520 26,625 25,485 7,225 18,265 10,750 1,790 8,960 1,040 510 535 783,735
91 Public administration 978,615 75,080 34,720 40,360 57,250 28,945 28,300 15,325 2,630 12,695 4,620 3,145 1,480 903,535
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 29 17,146,135 790,800 249,150 541,645 574,150 196,340 377,810 212,285 36,765 175,520 27,315 16,045 11,270 16,355,335
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 30 284,955 26,840 15,375 11,465 22,640 13,595 9,040 3,975 950 3,025 1,065 830 235 258,110
All occupationsFootnote 31 16,861,185 763,960 233,775 530,180 551,505 182,745 368,765 208,305 35,815 172,495 26,250 15,220 11,030 16,097,225
A Management occupations 1,631,730 53,565 14,205 39,360 38,440 11,285 27,155 14,845 2,010 12,840 1,705 910 800 1,578,160
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 3,025,430 118,400 30,240 88,160 84,605 23,305 61,300 33,305 4,750 28,555 4,035 2,185 1,850 2,907,025
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 1,108,045 31,660 6,250 25,415 22,500 4,610 17,885 9,020 1,295 7,720 980 340 640 1,076,385
D Health occupations 950,365 34,100 7,485 26,610 23,670 5,715 17,945 10,780 1,465 9,310 765 305 460 916,265
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 1,414,325 70,620 25,725 44,895 53,705 21,225 32,475 16,070 2,415 13,660 3,035 2,085 945 1,343,705
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 502,195 20,200 5,125 15,085 15,175 3,790 11,380 4,395 540 3,850 1,120 785 335 481,990
G Sales and service occupations 4,037,725 212,495 67,435 145,055 153,430 52,455 100,970 57,055 10,160 46,895 8,080 4,820 3,260 3,825,230
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 2,550,295 142,150 48,630 93,520 100,180 36,840 63,345 41,260 8,745 32,515 4,895 3,045 1,850 2,408,145
I Occupations unique to primary industry 648,310 39,935 16,450 23,480 29,185 13,760 15,430 10,985 2,250 8,730 935 445 490 608,380
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 992,765 40,830 12,230 28,595 30,615 9,755 20,865 10,600 2,180 8,420 705 300 405 951,940
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 32 25,664,225 1,182,505 436,955 745,550 880,415 353,685 526,725 292,905 56,410 236,495 43,355 26,860 16,495 24,481,720
No certificate, diploma or degree 6,098,325 447,500 229,270 218,235 344,855 188,105 156,750 91,995 23,645 68,355 23,145 17,525 5,620 5,650,825
Certificate, diploma or degree 19,565,895 735,000 207,685 527,320 535,560 165,580 369,975 200,905 32,765 168,140 20,210 9,335 10,875 18,830,895
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 33 6,553,425 271,895 80,525 191,365 194,965 63,630 131,335 77,445 13,790 63,660 7,175 3,110 4,065 6,281,525
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2,785,420 140,630 47,815 92,810 103,695 37,770 65,920 36,915 7,565 29,350 4,410 2,480 1,935 2,644,790
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 34 4,435,140 191,230 50,710 140,520 138,435 40,220 98,215 52,690 7,650 45,040 5,860 2,835 3,020 4,243,900
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 35 1,136,150 34,360 11,245 23,115 26,285 9,695 16,585 8,400 1,180 7,220 845 375 475 1,101,790
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 36 4,655,765 96,885 17,385 79,505 72,175 14,265 57,915 25,455 2,580 22,875 1,925 540 1,390 4,558,885
Bachelor's degree 2,981,460 67,345 12,425 54,915 49,755 10,205 39,555 18,015 1,810 16,205 1,465 415 1,050 2,914,115
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 493,540 10,920 2,300 8,625 8,070 1,950 6,115 2,975 295 2,675 145 45 100 482,620
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 136,845 1,345 180 1,165 930 125 800 390 45 345 45 10 40 135,500
Master's degree 866,980 14,555 2,055 12,500 11,260 1,645 9,615 3,520 365 3,155 210 45 165 852,425
Earned doctorate 176,945 2,720 420 2,295 2,165 335 1,830 560 55 500 60 25 30 174,225
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 37 13,012,475 463,105 127,160 335,945 340,590 101,955 238,640 123,460 18,980 104,485 13,040 6,225 6,815 12,549,370
Education 994,665 32,180 9,970 22,205 24,055 8,325 15,730 8,345 1,075 7,265 935 575 365 962,485
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 481,190 16,390 2,655 13,735 12,665 2,085 10,585 3,650 410 3,240 405 160 250 464,805
Humanities 717,125 20,660 4,690 15,965 16,240 3,960 12,280 4,370 515 3,860 515 225 295 696,465
Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,275,105 43,840 11,650 32,190 33,445 9,705 23,735 10,415 1,280 9,135 1,280 665 615 1,231,265
Business, management and public administration 2,801,720 96,685 27,125 69,560 71,565 21,900 49,670 25,640 3,945 21,700 2,725 1,285 1,440 2,705,035
Physical and life sciences and technologies 451,965 8,800 1,055 7,750 6,475 770 5,710 2,340 195 2,140 230 90 145 443,160
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 568,755 17,500 3,730 13,770 13,105 2,960 10,145 4,290 600 3,695 495 175 320 551,255
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 2,922,080 103,640 30,505 73,145 73,770 23,400 50,370 29,710 5,555 24,155 3,170 1,545 1,630 2,818,435
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 291,510 12,635 4,155 8,475 9,495 3,495 6,005 3,135 495 2,645 385 170 220 278,880
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 1,728,890 64,915 16,175 48,740 46,175 12,975 33,200 19,475 2,720 16,760 1,295 485 810 1,663,970
Personal, protective and transportation services 777,370 45,750 15,400 30,350 33,515 12,360 21,155 12,070 2,190 9,880 1,595 855 740 731,620
Other fields of studyFootnote 38 2,100 105 40 65 85 30 55 20 10 15 10 0 0 1,995
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 39 25,664,225 1,182,505 436,955 745,550 880,415 353,690 526,725 292,905 56,410 236,495 43,350 26,860 16,500 24,481,720
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 40 8,622,380 414,285 206,520 207,765 330,065 175,965 154,100 80,840 20,385 60,455 14,825 10,175 4,650 8,208,095
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 41 9,275,765 366,715 102,115 264,600 260,385 78,305 182,075 104,435 17,150 87,285 12,050 6,660 5,390 8,909,050
Average employment income $ 51,221 41,907 36,325 44,061 40,932 34,903 43,525 44,094 39,695 44,958 45,528 44,360 46,971 51,605
Median employment income $ 41,401 36,251 31,657 38,180 35,449 30,646 37,881 38,312 34,879 39,025 40,156 40,067 40,739 41,645
Standard error of average employment income $ 52 92 92 143 97 99 155 253 407 295 217 140 631 55
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 42 7,766,075 401,505 128,315 273,185 289,965 99,420 190,545 107,630 18,875 88,755 16,475 10,025 6,450 7,364,575
Average employment income $ 22,398 17,404 15,711 18,200 17,074 15,212 18,046 18,543 18,653 18,520 15,866 15,116 17,030 22,670
Median employment income $ 13,072 10,742 10,011 11,152 10,560 9,867 11,028 11,447 11,648 11,413 9,551 9,178 9,997 13,228
Standard error of average employment income $ 41 58 47 101 68 49 127 128 260 146 104 71 322 44
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 43 25,664,225 1,182,505 436,955 745,550 880,410 353,690 526,730 292,905 56,410 236,495 43,355 26,855 16,500 24,481,720
Without employment income 7,462,960 362,210 181,300 180,910 289,180 154,410 134,770 70,135 18,090 52,050 12,930 8,800 4,125 7,100,745
With employment incomeFootnote 44 18,201,265 820,290 255,650 564,640 591,235 199,275 391,955 222,770 38,320 184,450 30,425 18,055 12,375 17,380,970
Under $5,000Footnote 45 2,696,200 151,500 56,630 94,870 112,220 45,540 66,680 36,890 6,570 30,315 6,965 4,520 2,445 2,544,705
$5,000 to $9,999 1,827,850 99,590 34,625 64,965 73,325 27,740 45,585 25,575 4,680 20,895 3,655 2,210 1,450 1,728,255
$10,000 to $19,999 2,862,810 149,960 50,080 99,880 109,410 39,780 69,630 39,515 7,125 32,385 5,300 3,175 2,130 2,712,850
$20,000 to $29,999 2,440,735 117,800 38,030 79,765 86,065 30,055 56,010 31,275 5,745 25,535 3,770 2,230 1,540 2,322,940
$30,000 to $39,999 2,265,070 96,415 28,490 67,920 69,540 22,115 47,425 26,650 4,780 21,875 2,935 1,600 1,330 2,168,655
$40,000 to $49,999 1,770,720 67,620 17,660 49,960 47,915 13,185 34,730 19,635 3,255 16,385 2,110 1,225 885 1,703,100
$50,000 to $59,999 1,272,415 46,725 11,385 35,340 32,060 8,315 23,745 14,290 2,130 12,155 1,750 940 805 1,225,690
$60,000 to $74,999 1,320,495 46,285 10,440 35,845 31,485 7,250 24,240 14,410 2,110 12,295 1,925 1,080 845 1,274,210
$75,000 and over 1,744,970 44,400 8,305 36,090 29,220 5,310 23,910 14,545 1,925 12,615 2,010 1,070 945 1,700,570
Average employment income $Footnote 46 36,301 27,838 23,230 29,925 27,036 22,218 29,486 30,099 27,534 30,632 27,070 25,264 29,705 36,700
Median employment income $Footnote 47 26,850 20,468 16,788 22,557 20,000 16,045 22,185 22,632 20,858 23,048 18,000 16,050 20,868 27,156
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 48 34 53 46 90 58 49 104 143 240 167 117 77 363 36
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 49 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 88.9 84.9 76.3 88.3 83.6 74.6 87.6 88.1 82.4 89.3 83.4 80.3 87.6 89.1
Employment income % 76.2 79.2 72.3 81.9 78.0 70.8 81.2 82.0 76.9 83.0 79.8 77.6 82.9 76.1
Wages and salaries % 70.7 76.1 70.4 78.3 74.9 69.0 77.5 78.7 74.5 79.5 77.5 75.8 79.8 70.6
Self-employment income % 5.5 3.1 1.9 3.6 3.1 1.8 3.7 3.3 2.4 3.5 2.3 1.7 3.1 5.5
Investment income % 4.3 1.3 0.8 1.5 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 0.6 0.3 1.0 4.4
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 6.6 2.9 1.9 3.3 2.9 1.9 3.4 2.9 2.6 3.0 1.4 0.9 2.1 6.7
Other money income % 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8
Government transfer payments % 11.1 15.1 23.7 11.7 16.4 25.4 12.4 11.9 17.7 10.7 16.6 19.7 12.4 10.9
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 3.0 2.0 3.6 1.4 2.2 3.9 1.5 1.5 2.6 1.3 2.1 2.5 1.4 3.0
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 3.4 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.8 3.4
Child benefits % 1.3 3.6 6.7 2.4 4.1 7.4 2.6 2.2 3.1 2.0 5.0 6.7 2.6 1.2
Employment Insurance benefits % 1.4 2.5 3.0 2.3 2.5 3.0 2.3 2.3 3.1 2.2 3.0 2.7 3.4 1.3
Other income from government sources % 2.0 5.0 8.3 3.7 5.5 9.0 4.0 3.7 6.1 3.2 4.8 6.1 3.2 1.9
Income taxes paid % 17.7 13.3 9.0 15.0 12.6 7.7 14.7 15.2 13.5 15.5 13.9 12.8 15.4 17.9
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 50 25,664,225 1,182,505 436,950 745,550 880,410 353,690 526,725 292,905 56,415 236,495 43,355 26,855 16,500 24,481,720
Without wages and salaries 8,905,800 400,130 189,090 211,035 315,560 160,075 155,490 81,895 19,760 62,125 13,895 9,255 4,640 8,505,675
With wages and salaries 16,758,420 782,380 247,865 534,510 564,855 193,620 371,235 211,015 36,650 174,365 29,460 17,605 11,855 15,976,045
Under $5,000 2,376,085 142,955 54,645 88,315 106,240 44,065 62,180 34,305 6,190 28,120 6,715 4,390 2,325 2,233,130
$5,000 to $9,999 1,626,855 93,765 33,260 60,505 69,215 26,750 42,460 23,810 4,365 19,440 3,490 2,140 1,345 1,533,090
$10,000 to $19,999 2,548,365 141,190 48,285 92,900 103,530 38,475 65,060 36,635 6,765 29,870 5,065 3,050 2,015 2,407,175
$20,000 to $29,999 2,249,195 112,135 36,970 75,170 81,970 29,280 52,685 29,665 5,500 24,165 3,650 2,185 1,460 2,137,055
$30,000 to $39,999 2,148,345 93,170 27,845 65,315 67,305 21,690 45,620 25,550 4,580 20,970 2,875 1,580 1,295 2,055,175
$40,000 to $49,999 1,702,955 66,000 17,380 48,615 46,815 12,965 33,845 19,100 3,205 15,895 2,080 1,215 865 1,636,960
$50,000 to $59,999 1,224,070 45,510 11,130 34,380 31,165 8,105 23,060 13,955 2,100 11,855 1,730 925 805 1,178,560
$60,000 and over 2,882,550 87,650 18,340 69,310 58,610 12,290 46,325 27,995 3,940 24,060 3,855 2,110 1,745 2,794,900
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 51 36,602 28,034 23,342 30,210 27,180 22,302 29,725 30,480 27,876 31,028 27,149 25,340 29,834 37,022
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 52 27,994 20,897 16,947 23,124 20,132 16,170 22,821 23,263 21,361 23,770 18,312 16,399 21,100 28,391
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 53 35 53 46 90 57 48 104 145 240 171 111 76 339 37
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 54 25,664,225 1,182,500 436,955 745,545 880,415 353,685 526,725 292,910 56,410 236,495 43,355 26,855 16,495 24,481,720
Without income 1,241,065 83,885 35,760 48,130 64,310 29,260 35,050 17,860 3,840 14,015 4,030 2,655 1,380 1,157,175
With income 24,423,165 1,098,615 401,200 697,415 816,100 324,430 491,670 275,050 52,565 222,480 39,315 24,205 15,115 23,324,545
Under $5,000Footnote 55 2,575,365 179,445 88,545 90,895 141,905 76,615 65,285 35,250 7,140 28,110 7,090 4,790 2,300 2,395,925
$5,000 to $9,999 2,411,170 140,040 57,735 82,305 107,320 47,745 59,580 31,580 6,705 24,870 5,110 3,285 1,825 2,271,130
$10,000 to $19,999 5,049,145 253,535 103,995 149,540 192,160 85,015 107,140 59,745 13,230 46,515 8,965 5,750 3,220 4,795,610
$20,000 to $29,999 3,681,500 162,780 56,590 106,190 120,170 45,095 75,075 41,960 8,205 33,760 5,320 3,290 2,035 3,518,725
$30,000 to $39,999 3,189,445 126,860 38,605 88,250 92,010 30,095 61,920 34,625 6,310 28,315 4,025 2,205 1,820 3,062,585
$40,000 to $49,999 2,293,505 81,325 21,615 59,710 57,510 16,190 41,325 23,630 3,945 19,680 2,545 1,475 1,070 2,212,180
$50,000 to $79,999 3,507,900 114,980 26,830 88,150 78,950 19,050 59,905 35,225 5,305 29,925 4,485 2,475 2,010 3,392,925
$80,000 and over 1,715,125 39,660 7,280 32,375 26,070 4,615 21,455 13,040 1,730 11,310 1,770 935 835 1,675,465
Average income $Footnote 56 35,498 26,251 20,478 29,572 25,111 19,283 28,957 29,729 26,090 30,588 26,232 24,300 29,324 35,934
Median income $Footnote 57 25,615 18,773 14,351 22,118 17,781 13,628 21,555 22,269 19,172 23,103 17,764 16,308 20,717 25,979
Standard error of average income $Footnote 58 30 40 31 77 42 31 88 122 191 145 95 64 311 32
Total - Persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 59 30,628,935 1,312,660 311,395 1,001,265 932,120 229,865 702,260 399,040 74,435 324,605 25,670 7,100 18,565 29,316,280
Total - Persons in economic familiesFootnote 60 26,358,390 1,145,450 265,000 880,455 808,935 195,385 613,555 353,005 63,475 289,525 22,785 6,135 16,650 25,212,940
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 3,144,530 230,910 89,780 141,130 181,105 73,305 107,805 54,210 15,140 39,075 3,550 1,335 2,215 2,913,620
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 11.9 20.2 33.9 16.0 22.4 37.5 17.6 15.4 23.9 13.5 15.6 21.8 13.3 11.6
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 2,274,755 169,075 68,565 100,510 133,460 56,155 77,305 38,380 11,420 26,960 2,615 990 1,620 2,105,680
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 8.6 14.8 25.9 11.4 16.5 28.7 12.6 10.9 18.0 9.3 11.5 16.1 9.7 8.4
Total - Persons 15 years and over not in economic families 4,270,545 167,205 46,400 120,805 123,185 34,480 88,705 46,030 10,955 35,075 2,880 965 1,915 4,103,335
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 1,556,490 77,340 26,060 51,280 59,295 20,260 39,035 18,970 5,265 13,705 1,330 540 795 1,479,150
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 36.4 46.3 56.2 42.4 48.1 58.8 44.0 41.2 48.1 39.1 46.1 56.0 41.1 36.0
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 1,209,865 65,630 22,255 43,380 50,620 17,415 33,205 15,740 4,370 11,370 1,135 470 660 1,144,235
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 28.3 39.3 48.0 35.9 41.1 50.5 37.4 34.2 39.9 32.4 39.2 48.7 34.6 27.9

Footnotes

Footnote 1

'Area of residence' refers to the following geographic areas: on reserve, urban census metropolitan area, urban non-census metropolitan area and rural area. These geographic areas can be used to show where the Aboriginal population is residing.

'On reserve' includes eight census subdivision (CSD) types legally affiliated with First Nations or Indian bands, i.e., Indian reserve (IRI), Indian settlement (S-E), Indian government district (IGD), terres réservées aux Cris (TC), terres réservées aux Naskapis (TK), Nisga'a village (NVL), Nisga'a land (NL) and Teslin land (TL), as well as 35 additional CSDs of various other types that are generally northern communities in Saskatchewan, the Northwest Territories and the Yukon Territory, which have large concentrations of Registered Indians.

An urban area has a minimum population concentration of 1,000 persons and a population density of at least 400 persons per square kilometre, based on the current census population count. All territory outside urban areas is classified as rural. On-reserve CSDs are excluded from this category.

A census metropolitan area (CMA) is a large urban area and has a population of at least 100,000.

Urban non-census metropolitan areas are smaller urban areas with a population of less than 100,000.

Rural areas include remote and wilderness areas and agricultural lands, as well as small towns, villages and other populated places with a population of less than 1,000. On-reserve CSDs are excluded from this category.

Additional information on the geographic units can be obtained from the 2006 Census Dictionary.

Return to footnote 1 referrer

Footnote 2

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

Return to footnote 2 referrer

Footnote 3

Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of a person's ancestors. Additional Information on ethnic origin can be obtained from the 2006 Census Dictionary.

'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with the previous censuses.

Return to footnote 3 referrer

Footnote 4

This category indicates the number of respondents who reported the North American Indian ethnic origin, either as their only response or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The total represents the sum of single responses and multiple responses received in the census. Respondents who reported multiple ethnic origins are counted more than once, as they are included in the multiple responses for each origin they reported. For example, a respondent who reported 'North American Indian and Métis' is included in the multiple responses for North American Indian and for Métis.

Return to footnote 4 referrer

Footnote 5

This category indicates the number of respondents who reported the Métis ethnic origin, either as their only response or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The total represents the sum of single responses and multiple responses received in the census. Respondents who reported multiple ethnic origins are counted more than once, as they are included in the multiple responses for each origin they reported. For example, a respondent who reported 'North American Indian and Métis' is included in the multiple responses for North American Indian and for Métis.

Return to footnote 5 referrer

Footnote 6

This category indicates the number of respondents who reported the Inuit ethnic origin, either as their only response or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The total represents the sum of single responses and multiple responses received in the census. Respondents who reported multiple ethnic origins are counted more than once, as they are included in the multiple responses for each origin they reported. For example, a respondent who reported 'North American Indian and Inuit' is included in the multiple responses for North American Indian and for Inuit.

Return to footnote 6 referrer

Footnote 7

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

Return to footnote 7 referrer

Footnote 8

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

Return to footnote 9 referrer

Footnote 10

Mobility 1: Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating whether the person lived in the same residence on Census Day (May 16, 2006), as he or she did one year before (May 16, 2005). This means that we have 'movers' and 'non-movers'. There are different types of 'movers': people who moved within the same city or town (non-migrants), people who moved to a different city or town (internal migrants), and people who came from another country to live in Canada (external migrants).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Mobility 5: Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating whether the person lived in the same residence on Census Day (May 16, 2006), as he or she did five years before (May 16, 2001). This means that we have 'movers' and 'non-movers'. There are different types of 'movers': people who moved within the same city or town (non-migrants), people who moved to a different city or town (internal migrants), and people who came from another country to live in Canada (external migrants).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Return to footnote 11 referrer

Footnote 12

Registered or Treaty Indian
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty. Although there was a question in the 1991 Census on registration status, the layout of the 1996 question was somewhat different. In 1991, Question 16 on Registered Indians had two components. In the first part of the question, respondents were asked about their registration status, while the second part of the question dealt with band membership. The question used in 1996 asked only for registration or treaty status, while band membership was dealt with in a separate question.
The wording of the question, starting in 1996, differs slightly from the one in previous censuses. Prior to 1996, the term 'treaty' was not included in the question. It was added in 1996 at the request of individuals from the Western provinces, where the term is more widely used.
The 2006 Census question is the same as the one used in 1996 and 2001.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

Registered or Treaty Indian: The expression 'Registered Indian' refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty.

The Registered Indian counts in this table may differ from the administrative counts maintained by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, with the most important causes of these differences being the incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements as well as methodological and conceptual differences between the two sources.

Return to footnote 13 referrer

Footnote 14

This is a grouping of the total population into non-Aboriginal or Aboriginal population, with Aboriginal persons further divided into Aboriginal groups, based on their responses to three questions on the 2006 Census form.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Aboriginal identity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.
In 1991 and previous censuses, the Aboriginal population was defined using the ethnic origin question (ancestry). The 1996 Census included a question on the individual's perception of his/her Aboriginal identity.
The question used in the 2006 and 2001 censuses is the same as the one used in 1996.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

Included in the Aboriginal identity population are those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.

Return to footnote 15 referrer

Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the counts for this item are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements. The extent of the impact will depend on the geographic area under study. In 2006, a total of 22 Indian reserves and Indian settlements were incompletely enumerated by the census. The populations of these 22 communities are not included in the census counts.

Return to footnote 16 referrer

Footnote 17

Includes those who identified themselves as Registered Indians and/or band members without identifying themselves as North American Indian, Métis or Inuit in the Aboriginal identity question.

Return to footnote 17 referrer

Footnote 18

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

Return to footnote 18 referrer

Footnote 19

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

Return to footnote 19 referrer

Footnote 20

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language.

Return to footnote 20 referrer

Footnote 21

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

Return to footnote 21 referrer

Footnote 22

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

Return to footnote 22 referrer

Footnote 23

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

Return to footnote 23 referrer

Footnote 24

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

Return to footnote 24 referrer

Footnote 25

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

Return to footnote 25 referrer

Footnote 26

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

Return to footnote 26 referrer

Footnote 27

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

Return to footnote 27 referrer

Footnote 28

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

Return to footnote 28 referrer

Footnote 29

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

Return to footnote 31 referrer

Footnote 32

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

Return to footnote 32 referrer

Footnote 33

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

Return to footnote 33 referrer

Footnote 34

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

Return to footnote 34 referrer

Footnote 35

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

Return to footnote 35 referrer

Footnote 36

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

Return to footnote 36 referrer

Footnote 37

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

Return to footnote 37 referrer

Footnote 38

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

Return to footnote 38 referrer

Footnote 39

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

Return to footnote 39 referrer

Footnote 40

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

Return to footnote 40 referrer

Footnote 41

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

Return to footnote 41 referrer

Footnote 42

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

Return to footnote 42 referrer

Footnote 43

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Return to footnote 43 referrer

Footnote 44

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

Return to footnote 44 referrer

Footnote 45

Including loss.

Return to footnote 45 referrer

Footnote 46

For persons with employment income.

Return to footnote 46 referrer

Footnote 47

For persons with employment income.

Return to footnote 47 referrer

Footnote 48

For persons with employment income.

Return to footnote 48 referrer

Footnote 49

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

Return to footnote 49 referrer

Footnote 50

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Return to footnote 50 referrer

Footnote 51

For persons with wages and salaries.

Return to footnote 51 referrer

Footnote 52

For persons with wages and salaries.

Return to footnote 52 referrer

Footnote 53

For persons with wages and salaries.

Return to footnote 53 referrer

Footnote 54

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Return to footnote 54 referrer

Footnote 55

Including loss.

Return to footnote 55 referrer

Footnote 56

For persons with income.

Return to footnote 56 referrer

Footnote 57

For persons with income.

Return to footnote 57 referrer

Footnote 58

For persons with income.

Return to footnote 58 referrer

Footnote 59

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

Return to footnote 59 referrer

Footnote 60

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

Return to footnote 60 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006001.

Download

Download data as displayed in the Data table tab

Download entire table

Footnotes

Footnote a

To access the comma separated values (CSV) file, use the conversion features available in most spreadsheet software, or use a free viewer, for example csview.

Return to footnote a referrer

Footnote b

To access the tab separated values (TAB) file, use the conversion features available in most spreadsheet software, or use a free viewer, for example AscToTab.

Return to footnote b referrer

Footnote c

To access the Beyond 20/20 (IVT) version, you need the Beyond 20/20 Table Browser, which may be downloaded below. These links download files directly from an external site and are not the responsibility of Statistics Canada.

Beyond 20/20 Browser for Windows operating systems (18.9 MB)
To install this product, run 'ProBrowser.exe'.

Return to footnote c referrer

Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

Return to footnote d referrer