2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Selected Demographic, Cultural, Educational, Labour Force and Income Characteristics (780), First Official Language Spoken (4), Age Groups (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

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Catalogue number :	97-555-XCB2006054
Release date :	October 28, 2008
Topic :	Language
Data dimensions :	Geography (Geographic Index) Age groups (8A) Sex (3) Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (780) First official language spoken (4)

Note

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Data quality - Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)

When comparing the census results to those of the 2001 Census, it appears that there is some overestimation of persons reporting Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) in British Columbia and, as a result, also at the Canada level. Although it affects a relatively small population, it is best to apply caution when analysing the census data for Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux) in these geographies.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Comparability of 2006 Place of work data

Working at home can be measured in different ways. In the census, the 'Worked at home' category includes persons who live and work at the same physical location, such as farmers, teleworkers and work camp workers. In addition, the 2006 Census Guide instructed persons who worked part of the time at home and part of the time at an employer's address to indicate that they 'Worked at home' if most of their time was spent working at home (e.g., three days out of five).

Other Statistics Canada surveys such as the General Social Survey, the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, and the Workplace and Employee Survey also collect information on working at home. However, the survey data are not directly comparable to the census data since the surveys ask respondents whether they did some or all of their paid work at home, whereas the census asks them where they usually worked most of the time. Consequently, census estimates on work at home are lower than survey estimates.

The place-of-work question has remained in virtually the same format in each census since 1971. However, in 1996, the category 'No fixed workplace address' replaced 'No usual place of work.' In 1996, the census questionnaire was modified by adding a check box for the 'No fixed workplace' response category. In previous censuses, respondents were asked to write 'No usual place of work' in the address fields. It is believed that previous censuses have undercounted the number of persons with 'No fixed workplace address.'

Annexations, incorporations and amalgamations of municipalities could create some difficulties when comparing spatial units and structures which change over time.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Definition of Place of work status

Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

Respondent-completed responses:

Worked at home - Persons whose job is located in the same building as their place of residence, persons who live and work on the same farm, building superintendents and teleworkers who spend most of their work week working at home.

Worked outside Canada - Persons who work at a location outside Canada. This can include diplomats, Armed Forces personnel and other persons enumerated abroad. This category also includes recent immigrants who may not currently be employed, but whose job of longest duration since January 1, 2005 was held outside Canada.

No fixed workplace address - Persons who do not go from home to the same workplace location at the beginning of each shift. Such persons include building and landscape contractors, travelling salespersons, independent truck drivers, etc.

Worked at the address specified below - Persons who are not included in the categories described above and who report to the same (usual) workplace location at the beginning of each shift are included here. Respondents are asked to provide the street address, city, town, village, township, municipality or Indian reserve, province or territory and postal code of their workplace. If the full street address was not known, the name of the building or nearest street intersection could be substituted.

Teleworkers who spend less than one-half of their workweek working at their home office are asked to report the full address of their employer. Persons whose workplace location varied, but who reported regularly to an employer's address at the beginning of each shift, are asked to report the full address of the employer.

For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Description of the Profile of official-language groups (First official language spoken)

The Profile of official-language groups gives a statistical overview of official-language groups in Canada for certain geographic areas. For each of these geographic areas, the profile gives counts of official-language populations for characteristics such as home language, knowledge of languages, marital status, ethnic origin, place of birth, period of immigration, mobility status, citizenship, highest certificate, diploma or degree, labour force activity, occupation, industry and income distribution. It is based on data collected from a 20% sample of households at the time of the 2006 Census.

The profile consists of two tables, both containing the same data variables, but differing by the definition of the language groups. In this table, the language groups are defined by the respondents' first official language spoken. The data for each language group are displayed in the columns of the initial view of the table. Characteristics are identified in the rows of the initial view of the table. For example, official-language groups are shown first by legal marital status, next by common-law status, and so on. The age groups and sex are both displayed as a dimension.

Language groups are defined as follows. People who can conduct a conversation in French only are assigned French as their first official language spoken. People who can carry on a conversation in English only are assigned English as their first official language spoken. The responses to questions on mother tongue and home language (language spoken most often at home) are subsequently used to establish either the first official language spoken by people who speak both English and French, or who cannot speak either of the two official languages. People who have English only or English and one non-official language as their mother tongue are included in the 'English' category. The 'French' category includes people who have French only or French and one non-official language as their mother tongue. For cases that have not yet been classified, people are assigned to the 'French' category when they speak French only or French and one non-official language as their main home language. The procedure is the same for English. Thus, the population is classified into two principal categories: 'English' and 'French'. It is necessary to add two residual categories for people who could not be classified in accordance with the information available: 'English and French' and 'Neither English nor French'. Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the variable in the column (initial view).

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Age groups (8A)

Sex (3)

This table details selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics , first official language spoken , age groups and sex for population in Canada^{Footnote 1}
Selected demographic, cultural, educational, labour force and income characteristics (780)	First official language spoken (4)
	Total - First official language spoken^Footnote 2	English	French	English and French
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital status^{Footnote 3}	25,664,225	18,943,605	6,039,980	274,335
Never legally married (single)	8,963,165	6,241,605	2,587,525	107,140
Legally married (and not separated)^{Footnote 4}	12,415,715	9,712,970	2,293,640	140,295
Separated, but still legally married	766,035	606,595	142,330	5,535
Divorced	2,067,205	1,384,865	652,790	13,585
Widowed	1,452,110	997,565	363,695	7,775
Total population 15 years and over by common-law status^{Footnote 5}	25,664,225	18,943,610	6,039,980	274,330
Not in a common-law relationship	22,904,810	17,447,725	4,792,415	263,585
In a common-law relationship	2,759,415	1,495,885	1,247,565	10,740
Total population by mother tongue^{Footnote 6}	31,241,030	23,197,095	7,204,390	331,925
Single responses	30,848,270	22,898,060	7,139,130	303,455
English	17,882,775	17,879,570	3,200	0
French	6,817,655	32,705	6,784,945	0
Non-official languages	6,147,840	4,985,785	350,975	303,460
Algonquin	1,920	480	1,230	140
Atikamekw	5,245	20	4,275	90
Blackfoot	3,085	3,060	0	0
Carrier	1,560	1,550	0	0
Chilcotin	1,070	1,020	20	15
Chipewyan	525	515	10	10
Cree	78,855	72,255	435	2,765
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)	5,590	5,480	10	25
Dene	9,750	9,275	15	10
Dogrib	2,020	1,910	0	10
Gitksan	1,175	1,170	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	365	355	0	0
Inuktitut, n.i.e.	32,010	25,080	900	1,350
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux)	355	355	0	0
Malecite	535	530	0	10
Mi'kmaq	7,365	7,150	30	110
Mohawk	290	275	15	0
Montagnais-Naskapi	10,970	1,900	7,265	740
Nisga'a	680	675	0	0
North Slave (Hare)	1,065	1,010	10	0
Ojibway	24,190	23,460	25	30
Oji-Cree	11,690	10,810	0	0
Shuswap	940	915	20	0
South Slave	1,605	1,525	0	10
Tlingit	85	80	0	0
Italian	455,040	359,055	36,145	28,075
Portuguese	219,270	167,010	19,170	10,090
Romanian	78,495	43,670	10,255	20,800
Spanish	345,350	219,760	63,355	36,275
Danish	18,730	18,435	80	175
Dutch	128,900	125,105	1,380	1,650
Flemish	5,660	4,955	540	155
Frisian	2,890	2,835	10	25
German	450,570	427,565	5,820	5,580
Norwegian	7,225	7,090	60	75
Swedish	8,220	7,840	155	185
Yiddish	16,295	13,710	140	1,085
Bosnian	12,790	9,955	1,215	780
Bulgarian	16,790	11,095	1,815	3,130
Croatian	55,330	51,550	600	1,705
Czech	24,450	23,085	470	700
Macedonian	18,440	17,015	65	380
Polish	211,175	189,960	4,420	8,980
Russian	133,580	108,265	5,245	11,285
Serbian	51,665	44,805	855	2,990
Serbo-Croatian	12,510	9,170	1,535	1,150
Slovak	18,820	17,680	310	455
Slovenian	13,130	12,620	190	165
Ukrainian	134,500	128,625	910	2,550
Latvian	6,995	6,710	30	215
Lithuanian	8,335	7,830	185	195
Estonian	8,240	7,910	45	225
Finnish	21,030	20,555	120	85
Hungarian	73,335	67,800	1,450	2,485
Greek	117,285	97,275	2,585	9,765
Armenian	30,130	15,300	2,385	10,590
Turkish	24,745	18,190	2,535	1,895
Amharic	14,555	13,585	125	360
Arabic	261,640	147,375	64,235	35,985
Hebrew	17,635	15,630	545	1,110
Maltese	6,405	6,330	15	35
Somali	27,325	22,920	1,030	1,620
Tigrigna	7,105	6,445	110	175
Bengali	45,680	39,025	720	3,385
Gujarati	81,465	71,820	435	2,095
Hindi	78,235	73,450	165	1,335
Kurdish	7,660	5,880	600	355
Panjabi (Punjabi)	367,505	301,525	750	7,060
Pashto	9,025	7,465	130	320
Persian (Farsi)	134,080	110,260	4,165	8,715
Sindhi	10,355	9,700	60	185
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10,185	9,790	30	130
Urdu	145,810	131,290	800	3,915
Malayalam	11,925	11,510	10	90
Tamil	115,875	100,625	840	4,425
Telugu	6,630	6,320	0	85
Japanese	40,200	36,915	405	460
Korean	125,575	108,450	510	3,075
Cantonese	361,450	281,645	1,530	7,060
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 7}	456,705	352,060	8,765	15,695
Mandarin	170,955	139,520	1,270	4,040
Taiwanese	9,615	7,820	25	255
Lao	13,940	8,390	3,145	1,320
Khmer (Cambodian)	19,100	10,195	4,590	1,905
Vietnamese	141,625	99,750	11,350	11,905
Bisayan languages	11,240	11,005	40	55
Ilocano	13,450	12,905	45	180
Malay	9,490	9,145	45	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	235,615	230,455	285	1,945
Akan (Twi)	12,780	12,000	50	495
Swahili	7,935	5,020	2,080	575
Creoles	53,515	5,915	39,630	6,220
Other languages^{Footnote 8}	172,650	130,355	24,120	7,605
Multiple responses	392,760	299,030	65,260	28,465
English and French	98,630	50,310	24,300	24,015
English and non-official language	240,005	239,620	380	0
French and non-official language	43,335	4,325	39,010	0
English, French and non-official language	10,790	4,775	1,560	4,455
Total population by knowledge of official languages^{Footnote 9}	31,241,030	23,197,090	7,204,390	331,925
English only	21,129,945	21,129,945	0	0
French only	4,141,855	0	4,141,850	0
English and French	5,448,850	2,056,555	3,060,560	331,730
Neither English nor French	520,380	10,595	1,975	195
Total population by language spoken most often at home^{Footnote 10}	31,241,030	23,197,095	7,204,390	331,930
Single responses	30,665,025	22,769,850	7,098,425	289,130
English	20,584,775	20,179,200	405,575	0
French	6,608,125	70,110	6,538,010	0
Non-official languages	3,472,130	2,520,540	154,835	289,135
Algonquin	385	80	130	120
Atikamekw	4,750	15	3,785	90
Blackfoot	1,575	1,550	10	0
Carrier	605	600	0	10
Chilcotin	430	375	20	15
Chipewyan	120	110	0	0
Cree	47,195	40,785	285	2,750
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)	3,785	3,690	10	15
Dene	7,490	7,010	0	25
Dogrib	1,110	995	0	10
Gitksan	320	315	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	70	50	0	0
Inuktitut, n.i.e.	25,285	18,440	825	1,345
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux)	25	25	0	0
Malecite	135	130	0	0
Mi'kmaq	3,985	3,770	25	105
Mohawk	20	20	0	0
Montagnais-Naskapi	9,725	1,740	6,205	715
Nisga'a	180	175	0	0
North Slave (Hare)	650	600	0	10
Ojibway	11,115	10,400	0	30
Oji-Cree	8,480	7,595	0	10
Shuswap	250	230	15	0
South Slave	600	520	10	0
Tlingit	0	10	0	0
Italian	170,330	95,115	18,500	25,030
Portuguese	103,870	64,240	7,260	9,455
Romanian	51,060	20,945	5,890	20,495
Spanish	209,955	114,915	33,695	35,180
Danish	1,340	1,190	10	105
Dutch	14,235	11,875	110	1,490
Flemish	425	250	45	115
Frisian	245	210	0	15
German	128,345	110,820	870	4,960
Norwegian	460	405	0	55
Swedish	1,110	890	10	180
Yiddish	5,700	3,370	105	1,010
Bosnian	8,385	6,030	775	770
Bulgarian	11,810	6,755	1,185	3,120
Croatian	22,160	18,755	280	1,630
Czech	6,985	5,990	115	690
Macedonian	8,705	7,285	45	390
Polish	101,570	83,920	1,405	8,510
Russian	93,810	70,130	3,175	11,310
Serbian	34,775	28,055	575	3,020
Serbo-Croatian	6,545	4,180	810	1,025
Slovak	5,805	4,995	30	425
Slovenian	2,705	2,440	20	135
Ukrainian	28,055	23,445	270	2,220
Latvian	2,005	1,745	10	215
Lithuanian	2,585	2,245	45	160
Estonian	2,155	1,870	35	210
Finnish	4,190	3,805	10	90
Hungarian	21,900	18,100	300	1,975
Greek	55,100	37,210	965	9,335
Armenian	21,480	7,800	1,515	10,330
Turkish	15,885	10,260	1,725	1,775
Amharic	8,225	7,315	75	340
Arabic	144,745	74,865	21,695	34,080
Hebrew	8,650	6,675	275	1,315
Maltese	1,155	1,095	0	40
Somali	17,040	13,395	330	1,565
Tigrigna	3,545	3,025	10	140
Bengali	33,565	27,600	405	3,045
Gujarati	52,715	43,605	230	1,915
Hindi	42,875	38,110	50	1,330
Kurdish	4,950	3,615	290	305
Panjabi (Punjabi)	278,500	213,515	445	6,555
Pashto	6,705	5,275	30	310
Persian (Farsi)	97,220	75,570	2,085	8,510
Sindhi	5,050	4,375	30	200
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	4,780	4,365	0	120
Urdu	102,805	88,335	415	3,930
Malayalam	5,695	5,280	10	85
Tamil	92,680	77,765	550	4,455
Telugu	3,865	3,575	0	85
Japanese	19,540	16,570	130	425
Korean	101,495	84,690	255	3,055
Cantonese	300,590	215,115	840	7,165
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 11}	341,485	244,730	5,605	15,195
Mandarin	143,385	112,450	710	4,095
Taiwanese	4,580	3,385	0	185
Lao	8,555	4,605	1,560	1,260
Khmer (Cambodian)	11,435	5,415	1,890	1,835
Vietnamese	111,440	73,845	7,420	11,750
Bisayan languages	4,610	4,420	20	50
Ilocano	5,925	5,530	0	105
Malay	3,680	3,425	10	65
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	119,340	114,395	55	1,875
Akan (Twi)	7,335	6,640	45	410
Swahili	2,925	1,775	470	460
Creoles	21,605	2,065	11,950	5,835
Other languages^{Footnote 12}	77,435	55,670	5,870	6,355
Multiple responses	576,005	427,245	105,965	42,795
English and French	94,055	18,865	43,995	31,200
English and non-official language	406,455	404,775	1,685	0
French and non-official language	58,885	1,590	57,295	0
English, French and non-official language	16,600	2,015	2,990	11,595
Algonquin - Various non-official languages spoken^{Footnote 13}	2,680	915	1,535	165
Atikamekw	5,645	115	4,570	100
Blackfoot	4,920	4,870	10	15
Carrier	2,490	2,485	0	0
Chilcotin	1,400	1,345	20	15
Chipewyan	765	735	15	0
Cree	99,950	92,835	865	2,845
Siouan languages (Dakota/Sioux)	6,500	6,380	35	20
Dene	11,130	10,620	20	30
Dogrib	2,645	2,525	10	10
Gitksan	1,575	1,570	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	580	555	0	0
Inuktitut, n.i.e.	35,690	28,415	1,245	1,360
Kutchin-Gwich'in (Loucheux)	570	570	0	0
Malecite	790	765	15	0
Mi'kmaq	8,750	8,485	75	105
Mohawk	615	565	50	0
Montagnais-Naskapi	11,820	1,995	8,020	740
Nisga'a	1,085	1,085	0	0
North Slave (Hare)	1,235	1,180	0	0
Ojibway	32,460	31,565	170	40
Oji-Cree	12,600	11,720	10	10
Shuswap	1,650	1,620	20	0
South Slave	2,315	2,215	15	10
Tlingit	180	175	0	0
Italian	660,945	517,080	76,140	35,430
Portuguese	274,675	211,385	28,800	11,415
Romanian	89,180	51,285	12,100	21,805
Spanish	758,285	445,970	237,135	47,920
Danish	21,925	21,380	310	195
Dutch	152,735	146,830	3,110	1,950
Flemish	6,705	5,450	1,050	190
Frisian	3,280	3,225	10	20
German	622,645	570,040	29,125	11,255
Norwegian	10,590	10,105	360	125
Swedish	14,955	13,935	645	345
Yiddish	27,600	24,850	300	1,115
Bosnian	15,160	12,075	1,385	835
Bulgarian	18,570	12,385	2,170	3,245
Croatian	72,690	67,480	1,010	2,215
Czech	29,735	27,725	835	920
Macedonian	24,815	23,110	100	440
Polish	242,885	218,900	6,145	9,645
Russian	191,520	154,085	10,160	16,275
Serbian	62,780	54,785	1,235	3,370
Serbo-Croatian	14,470	10,820	1,790	1,195
Slovak	21,740	20,395	435	540
Slovenian	15,030	14,455	255	180
Ukrainian	174,160	165,500	1,720	3,640
Latvian	8,030	7,660	45	255
Lithuanian	9,320	8,765	225	190
Estonian	8,860	8,520	60	230
Finnish	23,375	22,800	155	145
Hungarian	84,280	77,385	2,190	3,025
Greek	157,380	132,840	5,770	10,750
Armenian	35,260	18,245	3,880	11,180
Turkish	36,935	26,885	4,020	3,240
Amharic	19,885	18,585	210	490
Arabic	365,085	199,975	107,120	42,675
Hebrew	67,390	57,845	5,515	3,170
Maltese	8,635	8,555	25	40
Somali	32,045	27,000	1,495	1,780
Tigrigna	8,430	7,715	120	205
Bengali	52,430	45,675	860	3,400
Gujarati	105,395	95,055	780	2,200
Hindi	299,600	279,600	1,185	5,625
Kurdish	9,185	7,210	705	420
Panjabi (Punjabi)	456,085	387,420	1,025	8,090
Pashto	11,675	9,645	165	535
Persian (Farsi)	154,385	127,895	5,265	9,505
Sindhi	14,010	13,170	120	250
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	19,830	19,120	55	295
Urdu	208,125	188,660	1,485	5,760
Malayalam	14,100	13,680	10	95
Tamil	138,675	122,940	1,185	4,595
Telugu	8,345	8,030	0	85
Japanese	71,700	65,265	2,450	1,025
Korean	133,805	116,355	650	3,125
Cantonese	434,715	344,505	2,405	7,975
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 14}	472,080	368,140	10,755	16,205
Mandarin	281,840	231,775	2,420	6,300
Taiwanese	14,060	11,710	30	380
Lao	18,390	11,445	4,200	1,515
Khmer (Cambodian)	23,355	12,375	6,025	2,190
Vietnamese	184,050	130,015	16,115	13,560
Bisayan languages	11,280	11,020	50	90
Ilocano	14,130	13,640	50	130
Malay	19,405	18,550	285	125
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	324,120	318,120	495	2,295
Akan (Twi)	17,595	16,635	165	560
Swahili	27,795	19,810	6,195	1,250
Creoles	97,815	12,880	76,260	6,870
Other languages^{Footnote 15}	290,785	221,640	49,655	8,950
Total population by mobility status 1 year ago^{Footnote 16}	30,897,210	22,950,640	7,135,390	329,810
Non-movers	26,534,115	19,607,775	6,258,415	276,940
Movers	4,363,090	3,342,865	876,970	52,870
Non-migrants	2,554,260	1,975,725	504,715	30,645
Migrants	1,808,830	1,367,140	372,260	22,230
Internal migrants	1,511,305	1,144,280	341,630	12,020
Intraprovincial migrants	1,221,560	890,600	311,540	8,730
Interprovincial migrants	289,745	253,690	30,090	3,285
External migrants	297,530	222,860	30,630	10,210
Total population by mobility status 5 years ago^{Footnote 17}	29,544,485	21,937,510	6,863,750	321,825
Non-movers	17,457,170	12,801,360	4,273,780	162,585
Movers	12,087,310	9,136,150	2,589,965	159,240
Non-migrants	6,507,905	4,937,845	1,409,915	74,620
Migrants	5,579,410	4,198,300	1,180,050	84,625
Internal migrants	4,419,370	3,298,940	1,060,030	32,875
Intraprovincial migrants	3,566,795	2,550,885	967,900	24,825
Interprovincial migrants	852,580	748,055	92,130	8,050
External migrants	1,160,040	899,360	120,020	51,750
Total population by citizenship^{Footnote 18}	31,241,030	23,197,095	7,204,390	331,930
Canadian citizens	29,480,165	21,828,790	7,041,825	266,270
Canadian citizens under age 18	6,604,285	5,043,765	1,410,030	65,625
Canadian citizens age 18 and over	22,875,875	16,785,025	5,631,795	200,645
Not Canadian citizens^{Footnote 19}	1,760,865	1,368,305	162,565	65,660
Total population by immigrant status and place of birth^{Footnote 20}	31,241,030	23,197,090	7,204,390	331,925
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 21}	24,788,720	17,889,060	6,705,275	97,995
Born in province of residence	20,933,115	14,482,445	6,272,085	88,070
Born outside province of residence	3,855,610	3,406,610	433,190	9,925
Immigrants^{Footnote 22}	6,186,950	5,095,220	473,090	225,895
United States of America	250,540	235,685	12,815	1,375
Central America	130,455	95,635	17,325	10,520
Caribbean and Bermuda	317,765	248,150	61,790	5,155
South America	250,710	198,235	28,085	14,715
Europe	2,278,345	1,940,240	167,950	85,650
Western Europe	424,645	322,365	94,235	6,315
Eastern Europe	511,095	429,455	22,235	41,585
Southern Europe	698,080	546,490	50,065	36,945
Italy	296,850	220,655	27,960	18,775
Other Southern Europe	401,230	325,845	22,110	18,165
Northern Europe	644,525	641,925	1,415	810
United Kingdom	579,625	578,065	1,000	400
Other Northern Europe	64,905	63,865	415	410
Africa	374,565	228,905	115,445	24,140
Western Africa	48,645	37,905	9,170	1,225
Eastern Africa	129,920	105,730	14,655	6,275
Northern Africa	134,505	42,725	74,240	15,250
Central Africa	22,405	3,815	17,265	1,170
Southern Africa	39,085	38,735	110	215
Asia and the Middle East	2,525,160	2,091,990	68,100	83,970
West Central Asia and the Middle East	370,515	280,955	33,320	36,200
Eastern Asia	874,370	686,270	11,930	18,545
China, People's Republic of	466,940	321,425	9,585	10,440
Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region	215,430	197,690	345	3,985
Other Eastern Asia	191,995	167,160	2,000	4,125
Southeast Asia	560,995	489,205	20,445	16,250
Philippines	303,195	298,360	410	1,735
Other Southeast Asia	257,805	190,840	20,035	14,515
Southern Asia	719,280	635,560	2,405	12,975
India	443,690	384,790	640	5,185
Other Southern Asia	275,590	250,775	1,765	7,790
Oceania and other^{Footnote 23}	59,410	56,375	1,570	365
Non-permanent residents^{Footnote 24}	265,360	212,815	26,030	8,030
Total recent immigrants by selected places of birth^{Footnote 25}	1,109,980	835,965	118,105	54,705
United States of America	38,770	36,200	1,570	425
Central America	23,280	15,465	3,075	2,200
Caribbean and Bermuda	34,985	22,455	10,790	855
South America	61,335	38,940	11,045	6,030
Europe	178,525	120,950	29,240	18,805
Western Europe	32,425	12,120	18,710	1,055
Eastern Europe	92,570	61,850	8,495	15,975
Southern Europe	25,585	19,510	1,775	1,645
Italy	2,275	1,550	240	305
Other Southern Europe	23,315	17,960	1,535	1,345
Northern Europe	27,940	27,470	270	130
United Kingdom	25,660	25,355	185	60
Other Northern Europe	2,280	2,115	85	70
Africa	117,215	57,360	47,940	8,745
Western Africa	19,935	13,980	5,280	505
Eastern Africa	30,810	22,285	5,340	1,780
Northern Africa	48,845	13,130	28,455	5,790
Central Africa	10,830	1,340	8,840	535
Southern Africa	6,795	6,615	30	135
Asia and the Middle East	647,225	536,445	14,160	17,565
West Central Asia and the Middle East	106,870	83,510	6,790	7,355
Eastern Asia	215,285	163,035	5,310	5,545
China, People's Republic of	155,105	111,130	4,635	4,340
Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region	7,430	6,715	0	100
Other Eastern Asia	52,750	45,190	665	1,100
Southeast Asia	100,225	93,660	1,215	990
Philippines	77,880	76,595	155	410
Other Southeast Asia	22,345	17,065	1,055	580
Southern Asia	224,845	196,240	850	3,680
India	129,140	110,130	195	1,580
Other Southern Asia	95,705	86,110	650	2,105
Oceania and other^{Footnote 26}	8,655	8,145	275	80
Total immigrant population by period of immigration^{Footnote 27}	6,186,955	5,095,220	473,090	225,895
Before 1961	791,225	721,220	34,805	14,630
1961 to 1970	710,285	616,550	47,765	16,800
1971 to 1980	903,705	768,525	68,430	24,245
1981 to 1990	1,003,210	812,545	79,880	40,400
1991 to 2000	1,668,550	1,340,415	124,110	75,120
1991 to 1995	823,925	656,145	58,970	36,840
1996 to 2000	844,625	684,270	65,140	38,280
2001 to 2006^{Footnote 28}	1,109,980	835,965	118,105	54,705
Total population 15 years and older by generation status^{Footnote 29}	25,664,225	18,943,605	6,039,980	274,330
1st generation^{Footnote 30}	6,124,560	5,061,280	454,000	216,525
2nd generation^{Footnote 31}	4,006,420	3,747,035	216,490	38,865
3rd generation or more^{Footnote 32}	15,533,240	10,135,285	5,369,490	18,940
Total population by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal identity population^{Footnote 33}	31,241,030	23,197,095	7,204,390	331,925
Total Aboriginal identity population^{Footnote 34}	1,172,790	1,045,015	109,060	6,150
North American Indian single response^{Footnote 35}	698,025	638,785	47,320	4,165
Métis single response	389,785	334,280	54,885	470
Inuit single response	50,480	42,580	1,860	1,410
Multiple Aboriginal identity responses	7,740	6,570	1,125	35
Aboriginal responses not included elsewhere^{Footnote 36}	26,760	22,795	3,865	75
Non-Aboriginal identity population	30,068,240	22,152,075	7,095,335	325,770
Total population by Registered Indian status^{Footnote 37}	31,241,030	23,197,095	7,204,390	331,925
Registered Indian^{Footnote 38}	623,780	574,545	37,515	4,050
Not a Registered Indian	30,617,250	22,622,545	7,166,875	327,875
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activity^{Footnote 39}	25,664,225	18,943,605	6,039,980	274,335
In the labour force^{Footnote 40}	17,146,135	12,904,515	3,939,235	183,255
Employed^{Footnote 41}	16,021,180	12,071,960	3,679,630	164,615
Unemployed^{Footnote 42}	1,124,960	832,555	259,605	18,640
Not in the labour force^{Footnote 43}	8,518,090	6,039,090	2,100,750	91,075
Participation rate^{Footnote 44}	66.8	68.1	65.2	66.8
Employment rate^{Footnote 45}	62.4	63.7	60.9	60.0
Unemployment rate^{Footnote 46}	6.6	6.5	6.6	10.2
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of worker^{Footnote 47}	17,146,135	12,904,515	3,939,235	183,255
Class of worker - Not applicable^{Footnote 48}	284,955	199,685	72,385	7,215
All classes of worker^{Footnote 49}	16,861,185	12,704,830	3,866,850	176,040
Paid workers	15,535,410	11,671,685	3,599,160	162,100
Employees	14,816,205	11,116,925	3,447,190	153,745
Self-employed (incorporated)	719,210	554,765	151,975	8,355
Without paid help	291,390	220,655	65,320	3,675
With paid help	427,820	334,105	86,655	4,685
Self-employed (unincorporated)	1,274,505	992,550	258,635	13,135
Without paid help	900,615	694,990	191,465	8,670
With paid help	373,890	297,560	67,170	4,470
Unpaid family workers	51,265	40,595	9,055	800
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006^{Footnote 50}	17,146,135	12,904,515	3,939,230	183,260
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 51}	284,950	199,685	72,385	7,220
All occupations^{Footnote 52}	16,861,180	12,704,830	3,866,850	176,040
A Management occupations	1,631,730	1,275,580	333,525	16,500
A0 Senior management occupations	218,645	150,060	65,630	2,240
A1 Specialist managers	423,020	340,265	77,685	4,055
A2 Managers in retail trade, food and accommodation services	475,970	371,975	95,100	6,095
A3 Other managers, n.e.c.	514,100	413,280	95,110	4,110
B Business, finance and administrative occupations	3,025,425	2,287,630	697,770	33,915
B0 Professional occupations in business and finance	427,600	325,490	96,200	5,375
B1 Finance and insurance administration occupations	201,835	170,935	28,765	1,795
B2 Secretaries	308,565	188,745	116,170	2,900
B3 Administrative and regulatory occupations	354,345	279,070	71,405	3,275
B4 Clerical supervisors	93,065	72,845	19,235	820
B5 Clerical occupations	1,640,020	1,250,545	365,990	19,740
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,108,045	847,655	238,485	20,250
C0 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences	603,075	468,730	120,420	13,120
C1 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences	504,970	378,925	118,070	7,135
D Health occupations	950,365	701,590	238,730	8,440
D0 Professional occupations in health	192,160	143,585	45,365	3,000
D1 Nurse supervisors and registered nurses	279,725	210,915	67,230	1,330
D2 Technical and related occupations in health	219,385	161,135	56,015	1,645
D3 Assisting occupations in support of health services	259,100	185,950	70,115	2,465
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion	1,414,325	1,035,965	360,030	15,670
E0 Judges, lawyers, psychologists, social workers, ministers of religion, and policy and program officers	373,630	282,300	87,335	3,500
E1 Teachers and professors	667,990	491,095	168,110	8,170
E2 Paralegals, social services workers and occupations in education and religion, n.e.c.	372,700	262,570	104,580	4,000
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	502,195	377,265	118,420	5,170
F0 Professional occupations in art and culture	218,910	161,100	54,655	2,565
F1 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	283,290	216,165	63,765	2,605
G Sales and service occupations	4,037,720	3,044,125	907,890	46,310
G0 Sales and service supervisors	131,780	107,250	22,785	1,300
G1 Wholesale, technical, insurance, real estate sales specialists, and retail, wholesale and grain buyers	353,125	271,200	76,990	3,780
G2 Retail salespersons and sales clerks	729,840	558,135	159,800	9,175
G3 Cashiers	324,855	239,025	79,505	4,795
G4 Chefs and cooks	246,935	176,350	57,605	3,745
G5 Occupations in food and beverage service	268,705	197,955	65,420	3,130
G6 Occupations in protective services	277,175	200,345	74,140	2,235
G7 Occupations in travel and accommodation, including attendants in recreation and sport	143,595	113,875	27,340	2,110
G8 Child care and home support workers	259,675	210,245	45,305	1,575
G9 Sales and service occupations, n.e.c.	1,302,035	969,755	298,995	14,465
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,550,300	1,909,225	605,470	18,200
H0 Contractors and supervisors in trades and transportation	125,250	97,225	27,020	600
H1 Construction trades	436,455	332,325	97,295	2,670
H2 Stationary engineers, power station operators and electrical trades and telecommunications occupations	179,250	136,055	41,900	1,045
H3 Machinists, metal forming, shaping and erecting occupations	221,835	164,835	53,940	1,525
H4 Mechanics	377,030	272,770	100,505	2,535
H5 Other trades, n.e.c.	130,625	90,685	36,000	1,775
H6 Heavy equipment and crane operators, including drillers	116,355	87,365	28,435	290
H7 Transportation equipment operators and related workers, excluding labourers	561,360	418,890	134,475	5,410
H8 Trades helpers, construction and transportation labourers and related occupations	402,130	309,075	85,900	2,350
I Occupations unique to primary industry	648,310	523,315	113,900	2,040
I0 Occupations unique to agriculture, excluding labourers	360,635	290,350	63,400	1,060
I1 Occupations unique to forestry operations, mining, oil and gas extraction and fishing, excluding labourers	130,785	101,080	28,890	320
I2 Primary production labourers	156,890	131,880	21,615	660
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities	992,765	702,480	252,635	9,545
J0 Supervisors in manufacturing	76,730	50,545	25,115	745
J1 Machine operators in manufacturing	387,875	271,660	98,235	4,210
J2 Assemblers in manufacturing	261,525	202,740	51,015	2,630
J3 Labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities	266,645	177,530	78,270	1,965
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002^{Footnote 53}	17,146,135	12,904,515	3,939,235	183,255
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 54}	284,955	199,685	72,385	7,215
All industries^{Footnote 55}	16,861,185	12,704,830	3,866,850	176,035
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	523,650	405,015	108,585	1,560
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction	238,815	212,730	25,365	535
22 Utilities	132,950	98,240	33,925	660
23 Construction	1,069,095	831,310	223,365	6,165
31-33 Manufacturing	2,005,985	1,409,465	542,215	22,590
41 Wholesale trade	739,305	572,355	152,005	8,660
44-45 Retail trade	1,917,175	1,427,845	457,765	22,330
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	820,195	632,685	175,835	8,865
51 Information and cultural industries	417,325	318,930	92,305	5,105
52 Finance and insurance	689,210	532,090	147,475	8,725
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	303,510	246,395	52,310	3,630
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,122,450	881,725	221,560	16,685
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20,530	16,870	3,300	250
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	722,695	570,720	135,150	9,485
61 Educational services	1,150,530	860,130	276,345	12,225
62 Health care and social assistance	1,716,260	1,252,795	444,385	14,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	346,315	269,690	73,260	2,485
72 Accommodation and food services	1,126,695	865,795	226,210	15,945
81 Other services (except public administration)	819,880	612,975	192,510	7,815
91 Public administration	978,615	687,060	282,970	7,810
Total employed labour force 15 years and over by place of work status^{Footnote 56}	16,021,175	12,071,955	3,679,630	164,610
Usual place of work	13,069,895	9,736,045	3,117,645	138,500
In census subdivision of residence	7,814,510	5,941,280	1,736,750	85,520
In different census subdivision	5,255,385	3,794,770	1,380,895	52,980
In same census division	2,687,845	2,195,375	459,130	20,195
At home	1,230,350	967,825	243,580	10,195
Outside Canada	76,570	63,015	9,985	1,615
No fixed workplace address	1,644,365	1,305,070	308,420	14,305
Total employed labour force 15 years and over with usual place of work or no fixed workplace address by mode of transportation^{Footnote 57}	14,714,255	11,041,120	3,426,060	152,805
Car, truck, van, as driver	10,644,330	7,955,620	2,556,720	87,460
Car, truck, van, as passenger	1,133,150	907,520	196,785	10,390
Public transit	1,622,725	1,195,575	363,640	41,840
Walked	939,290	695,610	227,365	9,960
Bicycle	195,515	143,525	49,295	1,480
Motorcycle	20,085	14,910	5,010	95
Taxicab	32,235	25,620	6,095	380
Other method	126,930	102,740	21,150	1,190
Total population 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2005 by language used most often at work^{Footnote 58}	18,418,100	13,900,420	4,190,900	195,295
Single responses	18,062,905	13,749,085	4,030,030	158,930
English	14,064,105	13,448,095	493,115	87,580
French	3,724,970	132,525	3,527,375	62,760
Non-official languages	273,830	168,470	9,545	8,590
Chinese, n.o.s.^{Footnote 59}	51,055	26,090	480	580
Cantonese	39,245	21,690	40	165
Panjabi (Punjabi)	25,380	12,610	10	115
German	24,770	22,835	325	395
Mandarin	15,625	9,445	30	65
Portuguese	9,385	4,900	340	380
Spanish	14,775	6,615	1,830	1,215
Vietnamese	7,695	3,910	305	270
Korean	10,455	8,065	35	60
Italian	4,735	2,435	725	530
Other languages^{Footnote 60}	70,705	49,885	5,425	4,825
Multiple responses	355,195	151,330	160,870	36,365
English and French	252,295	68,980	153,000	30,050
English and non-official language	86,815	78,280	690	1,810
French and non-official language	5,055	525	3,575	705
English, French and non-official language	11,025	3,550	3,605	3,800
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent doing unpaid housework^{Footnote 61}	25,664,225	18,943,610	6,039,980	274,330
No hours of unpaid housework	2,485,830	1,793,370	577,265	36,535
Less than 5 hours of unpaid housework	6,213,885	4,465,070	1,590,675	77,410
5 to 14 hours of unpaid housework	8,277,965	6,095,280	1,997,080	85,670
15 to 29 hours of unpaid housework	5,119,435	3,814,900	1,179,675	45,860
30 to 59 hours of unpaid housework	2,571,635	1,964,825	538,780	20,710
60 hours or more of unpaid housework	995,475	810,165	156,505	8,150
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent looking after children, without pay^{Footnote 62}	25,664,225	18,943,610	6,039,980	274,330
No hours of unpaid child care	16,038,570	11,854,280	3,769,265	165,915
Less than 5 hours of unpaid child care	2,445,290	1,696,250	676,615	29,400
5 to 14 hours of unpaid child care	2,429,580	1,759,875	595,070	31,185
15 to 29 hours of unpaid child care	1,722,970	1,257,035	415,435	20,545
30 to 59 hours of unpaid child care	1,318,655	984,365	299,355	14,045
60 hours or more of unpaid child care	1,709,165	1,391,800	284,235	13,245
Total population 15 years and over by hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors^{Footnote 63}	25,664,225	18,943,605	6,039,980	274,330
No hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	20,939,900	15,455,765	4,907,625	226,395
Less than 5 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	2,924,515	2,092,775	775,065	28,140
5 to 9 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	1,019,890	783,170	213,880	10,670
10 to 19 hours of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	383,205	300,070	72,400	4,415
20 hours or more of unpaid care or assistance to seniors	396,715	311,815	71,010	4,715
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 64}	25,664,220	18,943,605	6,039,980	274,330
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,098,325	4,223,970	1,559,035	55,105
Certificate, diploma or degree	19,565,895	14,719,635	4,480,945	219,225
High school certificate or equivalent^{Footnote 65}	6,553,425	5,087,695	1,333,535	54,470
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,785,420	1,798,000	952,020	22,410
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma^{Footnote 66}	4,435,135	3,388,530	991,220	37,710
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 67}	1,136,145	825,175	283,835	15,705
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or above^{Footnote 68}	4,655,770	3,620,235	920,335	88,930
Bachelor's degree	2,981,460	2,317,505	598,570	47,815
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	493,540	390,285	89,745	10,725
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	136,845	106,780	25,490	3,460
Master's degree	866,980	669,150	172,770	21,105
Earned doctorate	176,945	136,520	33,760	5,830
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000^{Footnote 69}	13,012,470	9,631,940	3,147,405	164,760
Education	994,665	715,535	265,215	7,390
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	481,190	351,455	120,420	6,140
Humanities	717,125	522,340	177,815	12,195
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,275,105	985,350	265,060	18,260
Business, management and public administration	2,801,725	2,043,725	711,080	34,625
Physical and life sciences and technologies	451,965	344,050	95,105	9,950
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	568,755	426,980	127,540	11,995
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	2,922,080	2,152,580	711,675	40,575
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	291,510	213,005	74,995	2,095
Health, parks, recreation and fitness	1,728,885	1,336,020	369,475	15,260
Personal, protective and transportation services	777,370	540,025	227,810	6,275
Other fields of study^{Footnote 70}	2,100	880	1,215	0
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualification by location of study^{Footnote 71}	13,012,475	9,631,940	3,147,405	164,755
Inside Canada	10,948,475	7,871,360	2,982,810	86,060
Newfoundland and Labrador	215,435	214,335	950	50
Prince Edward Island	50,755	48,385	2,325	45
Nova Scotia	400,260	384,905	14,780	415
New Brunswick	274,255	187,670	85,900	625
Quebec	3,054,910	406,815	2,585,200	61,580
Ontario	3,972,230	3,720,320	230,545	17,720
Manitoba	414,370	394,410	19,135	560
Saskatchewan	378,560	369,675	8,415	290
Alberta	1,029,270	1,006,170	20,635	1,785
British Columbia	1,144,595	1,125,505	14,405	2,925
Yukon Territory	4,515	4,180	300	30
Northwest Territories	6,045	5,835	190	10
Nunavut	3,265	3,155	35	20
Outside Canada	2,064,000	1,760,580	164,595	78,695
Total population by Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 72}	31,241,030	23,197,095	7,204,390	331,925
Total Aboriginal ancestry population^{Footnote 73}	1,678,235	1,376,710	281,155	7,510
North American Indian single ancestry	512,150	445,445	55,505	3,700
North American Indian and non-Aboriginal ancestries	693,355	534,980	156,255	1,660
Métis single ancestry	77,295	63,425	13,665	140
Métis and non-Aboriginal ancestries	285,750	238,890	46,420	390
Inuit single ancestry	40,975	33,895	1,495	1,180
Inuit and non-Aboriginal ancestries	18,615	16,680	1,485	230
Other Aboriginal multiple ancestries^{Footnote 74}	50,090	43,395	6,335	205
Non-Aboriginal ancestry population	29,562,795	21,820,385	6,923,235	324,420
Total population by visible minority groups	31,241,030	23,197,095	7,204,390	331,925
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 75}	5,068,095	4,173,710	371,790	153,040
Chinese	1,216,565	982,640	24,630	28,195
South Asian^{Footnote 76}	1,262,865	1,135,790	10,175	24,890
Black	783,795	603,420	161,160	12,595
Filipino	410,695	403,945	1,170	2,350
Latin American	304,245	200,215	55,235	26,860
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 77}	239,935	174,245	28,900	15,635
Arab	265,550	151,805	75,175	27,490
West Asian^{Footnote 78}	156,700	131,220	5,035	8,790
Korean	141,890	124,020	1,520	3,070
Japanese	81,305	77,270	1,145	550
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 79}	71,420	67,900	1,875	600
Multiple visible minority^{Footnote 80}	133,120	121,240	5,775	2,020
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 81}	26,172,935	19,023,380	6,832,600	178,885
Total population by ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)^{Footnote 82}	31,241,030	23,197,095	7,204,390	331,925
Total population - Single responses^{Footnote 83}	18,319,580	12,292,265	5,282,170	272,765
Total population - Multiple responses^{Footnote 84}	12,921,445	10,904,830	1,922,220	59,160
Canadian - Total responses	10,066,295	5,247,560	4,792,615	17,005
Canadian - Single responses	5,748,720	2,341,390	3,396,690	6,505
Canadian - Multiple responses	4,317,570	2,906,170	1,395,930	10,500
English - Total responses	6,570,015	6,422,225	138,475	6,755
English - Single responses	1,367,125	1,354,560	11,865	205
English - Multiple responses	5,202,890	5,067,665	126,615	6,545
French - Total responses	4,941,210	2,336,285	2,586,145	16,530
French - Single responses	1,230,535	164,715	1,063,660	1,805
French - Multiple responses	3,710,675	2,171,565	1,522,485	14,720
Scottish - Total responses	4,719,850	4,587,450	127,405	3,500
Scottish - Single responses	568,515	549,000	19,200	135
Scottish - Multiple responses	4,151,340	4,038,450	108,205	3,365
Irish - Total responses	4,354,150	4,020,315	327,625	4,870
Irish - Single responses	491,030	426,245	64,325	310
Irish - Multiple responses	3,863,125	3,594,070	263,300	4,560
German - Total responses	3,179,430	3,063,065	97,070	9,030
German - Single responses	670,640	646,440	14,950	3,055
German - Multiple responses	2,508,785	2,416,625	82,115	5,980
Italian - Total responses	1,445,330	1,218,005	159,870	34,475
Italian - Single responses	741,045	619,090	63,195	27,750
Italian - Multiple responses	704,290	598,910	96,675	6,730
Chinese - Total responses	1,346,510	1,100,820	30,255	30,445
Chinese - Single responses	1,135,365	908,550	20,805	27,015
Chinese - Multiple responses	211,150	192,270	9,455	3,430
North American Indian - Total responses	1,253,620	1,021,960	217,980	5,555
North American Indian - Single responses	512,150	445,445	55,505	3,700
North American Indian - Multiple responses	741,465	576,515	162,480	1,855
Ukrainian - Total responses	1,209,085	1,184,290	13,200	6,610
Ukrainian - Single responses	300,595	292,390	2,735	2,750
Ukrainian - Multiple responses	908,495	891,900	10,460	3,860
Dutch (Netherlands) - Total responses	1,035,960	1,018,545	13,690	2,215
Dutch (Netherlands) - Single responses	303,405	298,900	2,755	1,160
Dutch (Netherlands) - Multiple responses	732,560	719,640	10,940	1,055
Polish - Total responses	984,570	939,625	25,155	11,270
Polish - Single responses	269,375	247,715	6,835	7,890
Polish - Multiple responses	715,190	691,910	18,320	3,390
East Indian - Total responses	962,670	874,125	8,370	13,705
East Indian - Single responses	780,170	703,415	4,065	11,325
East Indian - Multiple responses	182,495	170,710	4,305	2,380
Russian - Total responses	500,605	471,005	11,600	10,320
Russian - Single responses	98,245	86,265	3,295	4,760
Russian - Multiple responses	402,360	384,740	8,315	5,560
Welsh - Total responses	440,965	438,285	2,365	235
Welsh - Single responses	27,110	27,020	90	10
Welsh - Multiple responses	413,855	411,265	2,275	235
Filipino - Total responses	436,195	429,015	1,415	2,455
Filipino - Single responses	321,395	316,175	635	1,815
Filipino - Multiple responses	114,800	112,840	780	640
Norwegian - Total responses	432,515	428,380	3,770	280
Norwegian - Single responses	44,790	44,030	715	35
Norwegian - Multiple responses	387,725	384,350	3,050	245
Portuguese - Total responses	410,850	342,110	35,825	10,165
Portuguese - Single responses	262,230	209,175	22,705	8,615
Portuguese - Multiple responses	148,625	132,935	13,120	1,545
Métis - Total responses	409,065	342,060	66,200	635
Métis - Single responses	77,295	63,425	13,665	140
Métis - Multiple responses	331,770	278,640	52,535	495
British Isles, n.i.e. - Total responses^{Footnote 85}	403,915	395,410	7,730	605
British Isles, n.i.e. - Single responses^{Footnote 86}	94,145	92,915	1,125	65
British Isles, n.i.e. - Multiple responses^{Footnote 87}	309,770	302,490	6,600	540
Swedish - Total responses	334,765	331,235	2,910	475
Swedish - Single responses	28,440	27,935	365	125
Swedish - Multiple responses	306,325	303,300	2,545	350
Total income in 2005 of population 15 years and over^{Footnote 88}	25,664,225	18,943,605	6,039,980	274,335
Without income	1,241,065	910,765	281,315	23,560
With income	24,423,165	18,032,840	5,758,665	250,770
Under $1,000^{Footnote 89}	963,270	753,805	167,475	14,850
$1,000 to $2,999	819,530	635,465	153,125	12,140
$3,000 to $4,999	792,570	606,005	158,970	11,360
$5,000 to $6,999	896,430	649,510	213,140	13,405
$7,000 to $9,999	1,514,745	1,052,660	407,640	19,950
$10,000 to $11,999	1,037,220	752,495	228,545	12,605
$12,000 to $14,999	1,581,205	1,086,845	401,570	18,325
$15,000 to $19,999	2,430,720	1,714,190	629,940	26,820
$20,000 to $24,999	1,935,755	1,393,665	489,835	21,485
$25,000 to $29,999	1,745,745	1,249,220	461,095	18,125
$30,000 to $34,999	1,716,180	1,237,940	450,535	15,670
$35,000 to $39,999	1,473,265	1,081,385	371,805	12,650
$40,000 to $44,999	1,255,420	927,100	313,395	10,090
$45,000 to $49,999	1,038,085	773,805	253,420	7,655
$50,000 to $59,999	1,587,760	1,204,355	368,105	10,875
$60,000 and over	3,635,260	2,914,390	690,080	24,765
Median income $^{Footnote 90}	25,615	26,392	25,279	19,154
Average income $^{Footnote 91}	35,498	36,969	32,539	27,513
Standard error of average income $^{Footnote 92}	30	38	38	139
Total after-tax income in 2005 of population 15 years and over^{Footnote 93}	25,664,220	18,943,610	6,039,980	274,330
Without after-tax income	1,245,615	914,815	281,545	23,635
With after-tax income	24,418,610	18,028,790	5,758,435	250,700
Under $1,000^{Footnote 94}	982,725	769,695	170,730	15,010
$1,000 to $2,999	821,975	637,580	153,515	12,110
$3,000 to $4,999	796,910	609,365	159,845	11,420
$5,000 to $6,999	900,515	652,505	214,210	13,395
$7,000 to $9,999	1,543,925	1,076,385	412,445	20,260
$10,000 to $11,999	1,082,805	787,990	237,580	12,920
$12,000 to $14,999	1,707,930	1,182,180	430,025	19,710
$15,000 to $19,999	2,795,175	1,977,375	723,930	30,290
$20,000 to $24,999	2,331,580	1,667,355	607,125	24,870
$25,000 to $29,999	2,232,555	1,581,490	611,160	22,405
$30,000 to $34,999	1,997,630	1,455,315	514,220	17,140
$35,000 to $39,999	1,626,090	1,199,975	407,170	12,660
$40,000 to $44,999	1,267,305	952,270	302,115	9,075
$45,000 to $49,999	991,340	751,115	230,945	6,755
$50,000 and over	3,340,145	2,728,200	583,430	22,675
Median after-tax income $^{Footnote 95}	23,307	23,900	23,090	18,351
Average after-tax income $^{Footnote 96}	29,214	30,309	26,991	23,301
Standard error of average after-tax income $^{Footnote 97}	20	25	25	95
Total population 15 years and over with employment income^{Footnote 98}	18,201,265	13,723,900	4,165,955	185,515
Median employment income in 2005 $	26,850	27,323	26,378	20,015
Average employment income in 2005 $	36,301	37,521	33,153	28,719
Standard error of average employment income $	34	42	45	166
Worked full year, full time^{Footnote 99}	9,275,770	7,021,980	2,126,270	83,535
Median employment income in 2005 $	41,401	42,543	38,766	34,884
Average employment income in 2005 $	51,221	53,182	45,568	42,804
Standard error of average employment income $	52	66	64	283
Worked part year or part time^{Footnote 100}	7,766,075	5,824,440	1,789,445	89,055
Median employment income in 2005 $	13,072	12,854	14,035	10,946
Average employment income in 2005 $	22,398	22,656	22,017	18,282
Standard error of average employment income $	41	52	57	180

Footnotes

Footnote 1

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 2

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population, but also for the whole population in general. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide. Those classified in the category 'Neither English nor French' appear only in the 'Total' category in this table.

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Footnote 3

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person. The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single) - Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated) - Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married - Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced - Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed - Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 4

Since 1996, Aboriginal people married according to traditional customs were instructed to report themselves as legally married.

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In 2006, legally married same-sex couples are included in this category.

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Footnote 5

Common-law status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who live together as a couple but who are not legally married to each other. These persons can be of the opposite sex or of the same sex.

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Footnote 6

Mother tongue
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 7

The 2006 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' includes responses of 'Chinese' as well as all Chinese languages other than Cantonese, Mandarin, Taiwanese, Chaochow (Teochow), Fukien, Hakka and Shanghainese. Data for the 'Chinese, n.o.s.' category in 2001 and 2006 are not directly comparable. The 2001 category 'Chinese, n.o.s.' is equivalent to the sum of the 2006 categories 'Chinese, n.o.s.' and 'Chaochow (Teochow),' 'Fukien,' 'Shanghainese' and 'Taiwanese.'

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Footnote 8

This is a subtotal of all languages collected by the census that are not displayed separately here. For a full list of languages collected in the census, please refer to Appendix G in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 9

Knowledge of official languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in English only, in French only, in both English and French, or in neither English nor French.

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Data on knowledge of official languages
According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population, but also for the whole population in general. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide.

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Footnote 10

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 11

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Footnote 12

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Footnote 13

Knowledge of non-official languages
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to languages, other than English or French, in which the respondent can conduct a conversation.

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Footnote 14

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Footnote 15

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Footnote 16

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one at which they resided one year earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 17

Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (5 years ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address from the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Intraprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in the same province.

Interprovincial migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living in a different CSD from the one in which they resided five years earlier, in a different province.

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Footnote 18

Citizenship
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal citizenship status of the respondent. Persons who are citizens of more than one country were instructed to provide the name of the other country(ies).

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Includes persons who are stateless.

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Footnote 19

Includes persons who are stateless. Prior to the 2006 Census, this category was called 'Citizens of other countries'. The content of the category remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 20

For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 21

Non-immigrants are persons who are Canadian citizens by birth. Although most Canadian citizens by birth were born in Canada, a small number were born outside Canada to Canadian parents.

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Footnote 22

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 23

'Other' includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the category 'Other country,' as well as immigrants born in Canada.

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Footnote 24

Non-permanent residents are persons from another country who, at the time of the census, held a Work or Study Permit or who were refugee claimants, as well as family members living with them in Canada.

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Footnote 25

In this product, recent immigrants are immigrants who landed in Canada between January 1, 2001 and Census Day, May 16, 2006.

Immigrants are persons who are, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others are recent arrivals. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number were born in Canada. Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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For information on the specific countries included in each regional grouping in this variable, please refer to Appendix J in the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 26

'Other' includes Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the category 'Other country,' as well as immigrants born in Canada.

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Footnote 27

Period of immigration
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to ranges of years based on the year of immigration question. Year of immigration refers to the year in which landed immigrant status was first obtained. A landed immigrant is a person who has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

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Footnote 28

Includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to Census Day, May 16, 2006.

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Footnote 29

Generation status
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the generational status of a person, that is, 1st generation, 2nd generation or 3rd generation or more.

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Footnote 30

Persons born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, landed immigrants in Canada. Also included in the first generation are a small number of people born outside Canada to parents who are Canadian citizens by birth. In addition, the first generation includes people who are non-permanent residents (defined as people from another country living in Canada on Work or Study Permits or as refugee claimants, and any family members living with them in Canada).

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Footnote 31

Persons born inside Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada. This includes (a) persons born in Canada with both parents born outside Canada and (b) persons born in Canada with one parent born in Canada and one parent born outside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 32

Persons born inside Canada with both parents born inside Canada (these persons may have grandparents born inside or outside Canada as well).

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Footnote 33

Aboriginal identity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.
In 1991 and previous censuses, the Aboriginal population was defined using the ethnic origin question (ancestry). The 1996 Census included a question on the individual's perception of his/her Aboriginal identity.
The question used in the 2006 and 2001 censuses is the same as the one used in 1996.
This is a grouping of the total population into non-Aboriginal or Aboriginal population, with Aboriginal persons further divided into Aboriginal groups, based on their responses to three questions on the 2006 Census form.

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Footnote 34

Included in the Aboriginal identity population are those persons who reported identifying with at least one Aboriginal group, that is, North American Indian, Métis or Inuit, and/or those who reported being a Treaty Indian or a Registered Indian, as defined by the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported they were members of an Indian band or First Nation.

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Footnote 35

Users should be aware that the counts for this item are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements. The extent of the impact will depend on the geographic area under study. In 2006, a total of 22 Indian reserves and Indian settlements were incompletely enumerated by the census. The populations of these 22 communities are not included in the census counts.

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Footnote 36

Includes those who identified themselves as Registered Indians and/or band members without identifying themselves as North American Indian, Métis or Inuit in the Aboriginal identity question.

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Footnote 37

Registered or Treaty Indian
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty. Although there was a question in the 1991 Census on registration status, the layout of the 1996 question was somewhat different. In 1991, Question 16 on Registered Indians had two components. In the first part of the question, respondents were asked about their registration status, while the second part of the question dealt with band membership. The question used in 1996 asked only for registration or treaty status, while band membership was dealt with in a separate question.
The wording of the question, starting in 1996, differs slightly from the one in previous censuses. Prior to 1996, the term 'treaty' was not included in the question. It was added in 1996 at the request of individuals from the Western provinces, where the term is more widely used.
The 2006 Census question is the same as the one used in 1996 and 2001.

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Footnote 38

Registered or Treaty Indian: The expression 'Registered Indian' refers to those persons who reported they were registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act and can prove descent from a band that signed a treaty.

The Registered Indian counts in this table may differ from the administrative counts maintained by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, with the most important causes of these differences being the incompletely enumerated Indian reserves and Indian settlements as well as methodological and conceptual differences between the two sources.

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Footnote 39

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

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Footnote 40

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 41

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006): (a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice; (b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

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Footnote 42

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either: (a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or (b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or (c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

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Footnote 43

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

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Footnote 44

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

Participation rate = Labour force divided by Population 15 years of age and over (excluding institutional residents) X 100

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

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Footnote 45

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

Employment rate = Employed divided by Population 15 years and over (excluding institutional residents) X 100

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

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Footnote 46

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unemployment rate = Unemployed divided by Labour force X 100

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

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Footnote 47

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
a. persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
b. persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
c. persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.

The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 48

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 49

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 50

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue no. 12-583-XIE.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 51

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 52

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 53

Industry (based on the North American Industry Classification System [NAICS] 2002)
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the NAICS 2002) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2002. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

Labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who were either employed or unemployed during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Labour force = Employed + Unemployed

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Footnote 54

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 56

Place of work status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of people aged 15 or over who worked at some point between January 1, 2005 and May 16, 2006 (Census Day), according to whether they worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the place of work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. The variable usually relates to the individual's job held in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

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Footnote 57

Mode of transportation
Part A - Plain language definition
Main means a person uses to travel between home and place of work (by car, on foot, on public transit, or by some other means).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the mode of transportation to work of non-institutional residents 15 years of age and over who worked at some time since January 1, 2005. Persons who indicate in the place of work question that they either had no fixed workplace address, or specified a usual workplace address, are asked to identify the mode of transportation they usually use to commute from home to work. The variable usually relates to the individual's job in the week prior to enumeration. However, if the person did not work during that week but had worked at some time since January 1, 2005, the information relates to the job held longest during that period.

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Footnote 58

Refers to the language used most often at work by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages used at work on a regular basis are also collected.

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Footnote 59

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Footnote 60

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Footnote 61

Hours spent doing unpaid housework
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of hours that the person spent doing housework, maintaining the house or doing yard work without getting paid for doing so. For example, this includes time spent preparing meals, mowing the lawn, or cleaning the house, for oneself or for relatives, friends or neighbours. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (None, Less than 5 hours, 5 to 14 hours, 15 to 29 hours, 30 to 59 hours, and 60 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 7 to 13, 2006) are counted.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent doing unpaid housework, yard work or home maintenance in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). It includes hours spent doing unpaid housework for members of one's own household, for other family members outside the household, and for friends or neighbours.

Unpaid housework does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 62

Hours spent looking after children, without pay
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of hours that the person spent looking after children without getting paid for doing so. For example, this includes time spent taking care of one's own children or looking after the children of relatives, friends or neighbours. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (none, less than 5 hours, 5 to 14 hours, 15 to 29 hours, 30 to 59 hours, and 60 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 7 to 13, 2006) are counted.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent looking after children without pay. It includes hours spent providing unpaid child care for members of one's own household, for other family members outside the household, for friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unpaid child care does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, a religious organization, a charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 63

Hours spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors
Part A - Plain language definition
Number of hours that the person spent providing care or assistance to elderly people without getting paid for doing so. This includes time spent giving personal care to an elderly relative, helping elderly neighbours with their shopping, and so on. The time spent on this activity is divided into blocks of hours (None, Less than 5 hours, 5 to 9 hours, 10 to 19 hours, and 20 hours or more). Only hours spent on the activity during the week before Census Day (May 7 to 13, 2006) are counted.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of hours persons spent providing unpaid care or assistance to seniors of one's own household, to other senior family members outside the household, and to friends or neighbours in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

Unpaid care or assistance to seniors does not include volunteer work for a non-profit organization, religious organization, charity or community group, or work without pay in the operation of a family farm, business or professional practice.

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Footnote 64

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 65

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 66

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 67

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 68

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 69

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Footnote 70

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.

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Footnote 71

'Location of study' refers to the province, territory or country where the highest certificate, diploma, or degree above high school level was completed.

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Footnote 72

Aboriginal ancestry
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors.
'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior to the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

Return to footnote 72 referrer

Footnote 73

Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of a person's ancestors. Additional information on ethnic origin can be obtained from the 2006 Census Dictionary. 'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior to the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with the previous censuses.

Return to footnote 73 referrer

Footnote 74

Includes those who reported multiple Aboriginal ancestries or multiple Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestries to the ethnic origin question.

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Footnote 75

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 76

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 77

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 78

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 79

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Kurd,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 80

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 81

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 82

The count for 'Total population by ethnic origin (single and multiple responses)' represents the total population of Canada, excluding institutional residents. It also represents the sum of persons who reported single ethnic origins and multiple ethnic origins in the census.

The count for 'Total population - Single responses' represents the total number of persons who reported only one ethnic origin in the census. This total is greater than the sum of single responses in this table because not all ethnic origins are shown in this profile.

The count for 'Total population - Multiple responses' represents the total number of persons who reported more than one ethnic origin in the census. This total is less than the sum of multiple responses of each group because respondents reporting more than one ethnic origin are counted in the multiple responses categories for each of the groups they reported. For example: a respondent reporting Scottish and English origins is counted once under the 'Total Population - Multiple responses' category. However, the same respondent is counted once in the 'Scottish - Multiple responses' category and counted once in the 'English - Multiple responses' category.

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Footnote 83

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Footnote 84

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Footnote 85

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.'

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Footnote 86

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.'

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Footnote 87

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.'

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Footnote 88

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 89

Including loss.

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Footnote 90

For persons with income.

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Footnote 91

For persons with income.

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Footnote 92

For persons with income.

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Footnote 93

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Footnote 94

Including loss.

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Footnote 95

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 96

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 97

For persons with after-tax income.

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Footnote 98

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Average employment income of individuals - Average employment income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median employment income of individuals - The median employment income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution, ranked by size of income, into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average employment income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average employment income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

The above concept and procedures also apply in the calculation of these statistics for earnings or any other source of income and after-tax income of persons 15 years of age and over not in families and households.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

Return to footnote 98 referrer

Includes persons who did not work in 2005 but reported employment income.

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Footnote 99

Worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 100

Worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-555-XCB2006054.

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XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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Related data

2006 Census analysis series:
2006 Census: The Evolving Linguistic Portrait, 2006 Census: Findings
2006 Census reference guides and technical reports:
Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census