2006 Census Topic-based tabulations

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Topic-based tabulation: Inuit area of residence (11), Aboriginal identity (5), Age Groups (8), Sex (3) and Selected Demographic, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics (218), for the Total Population of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data

About this tabulation

General information

Catalogue number :97-564-XCB2006003
Release date :December 9, 2008
Topic :Aboriginal peoples
Data dimensions :

Note

Additional information about this table is available in the Dimension Summary Box of the 'Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (218)' variable.

Note: Data Quality - Relationship of Census Income Estimates to the National Accounts and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics

Census income estimates of aggregate income in 2005 were compared to similar personal income estimates from the national accounts. After adjustments to the personal income estimates for differences in concepts and coverage, the census estimate of aggregate income in 2005 from comparable sources was 1.2% lower than the national accounts estimate. As in the past, census estimates for some income components and for some provinces compared more favourably than for others.

Census estimates of aggregate wages and salaries, the largest component of income, were slightly higher (1.0%) than the national accounts estimates. This was partially offset by the difference (-7.8%) between the census estimates of aggregate self-employment income from both farm and non-farm self-employment and the adjusted national accounts figures. Overall, estimates of aggregate employment income or earnings were nearly identical (0.3% difference).

Census estimates of Old Age Security pensions and the Guaranteed Income Supplement were slightly lower (-1.4%), as they were for Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits (-0.9%), than adjusted national accounts estimates. Employment Insurance benefits reported in the census were smaller by 6.1%. Census estimates of aggregate child benefits were 2.0% higher than the adjusted national accounts estimates. Census estimates of other government transfer payments, which include such items as social welfare benefits, provincial income supplements to seniors, veterans' pensions and GST/HST/QST refunds, were significantly below (-39.2%) the estimates from the national accounts. Overall, census estimates of aggregate income from all government transfer payments were lower by 12.0%. The census estimate of aggregate investment income in 2005 was slightly lower (-2.7%) than the comparable national accounts estimate. This is a significant improvement when compared to previous census comparisons.

Census income statistics were also compared with similar statistics from the annual Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID). SLID estimates reflect adjustments made for population undercoverage, while census estimates do not include such an adjustment. This adjustment contributes to census estimates showing fewer income recipients (-2.1%) and earners (-1.4%) than SLID estimates. However, due to higher average amounts, census estimates of aggregate earnings are 2.8% higher than the SLID estimate, while the census estimate of aggregate total income of individuals is 2.3% higher. Most of the observed provincial differences were considered acceptable in the light of sampling errors in the Survey. The all-person low income prevalence rates for Canada (excluding the Territories) were almost identical in both sources for the before-tax measure at 15.3% and only slightly higher (0.6 percentage points) in census than SLID for the after-tax rate.

Note: Broad occupational category A - Management occupations

Census data for occupation groups in Broad occupational category A - Management occupations should be used with caution. Some coding errors were made in assigning the appropriate level of management, e.g., senior manager as opposed to middle manager, and in determining the appropriate area of specialization or activity, e.g., a manager of a health care program in a hospital as opposed to a government manager in health policy administration. Some non-management occupations have also been miscoded to management due to confusion over titles such as program manager and project manager. Data users may wish to use data for management occupations in conjunction with other variables such as Income, Age and Education.

Note: Consistency of earnings and labour estimates

Changes to the collection methodology for income data and to the editing procedures create an apparent inconsistency for more records in 2006 compared to 2001. For example, a larger amount of full-year, full-time workers (or part-year workers) are without reported earnings. There are also more persons with earnings that do not report work activity during the previous calendar year.

These impacts are also visible for wages and salaries and net income from self-employment.

For more information, please consult the Income and Earnings Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-563-GWE2006003.

Note: Data on knowledge of official languages

According to studies on data certification, the 2006 Census statistics on knowledge of official languages could underestimate the category 'English and French' and overestimate the category 'French only,' particularly for the francophone population and, therefore, for the whole population. More information on the subject is available in the Languages Reference Guide, 2006 Census, Catalogue no. 97-555-GWE2006003.

Note: Income Data for Seniors in Collective Dwellings

In the 2006 Census, individuals who resided in institutions or residences with distinct, separate living quarters, and who were able to complete the census questionnaire, received their own census form to complete. These individuals were excluded from measurements of income in prior censuses. This census their incomes have been set to zero. This results in a slight overestimation in the count of population 15 years and over, and primarily the age group 65 years and over, without income (or without earnings). Counts and income statistics for families or persons not in families are not affected, as individuals in these types of collective dwellings have always, and continue to be excluded from those populations.

Note: Income suppression

Area suppression is the deletion of all characteristic data for geographic areas with populations below a specified size. Income distributions and related statistics are suppressed if the population in the area, excluding institutional residents, is less than 250 from either the 100% or the 20% database, or if the number of private households is less than 40 from the 20% database.

Tables with income, after-tax income or earnings distributions

Income, after-tax income and earnings distributions have been suppressed where the estimated total number of units (persons, families or households) in the reference year is less than 250. All suppressed cells and associated averages, medians and standard errors of average income, average after-tax income or average earnings have been replaced with zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Tables with number and median or average income, after-tax income or earnings

Statistics have been suppressed if the estimated total number of persons (males, females or both sexes) with income, after-tax income or earnings in the reference year is less than 250 persons. All suppressed counts and associated averages and medians have been replaced by zeroes or symbols.

In all cases, suppressed data are included in the appropriate higher aggregate subtotals and totals.

Note: Institutional residents

People in seniors' residences in the 2006 Census are classified as 'not living in an institution'. This is a change from the 2001 Census where they were classified as institutional residents, specifically, 'living in an institution, resident under care or custody'.

Note: Labour force growth for the Northwest Territories

Care should be exercised in comparing the Northwest Territories 2006 Census population counts with those from the 2001 Census. In 2001, the net undercount for the Northwest Territories was estimated at 8.11%, substantially higher than the national level of 2.99%, and almost double its 1996 level. The increase in the labour force, the employed, unemployed and not in the labour force populations between 2001 and 2006 is likely overstated due to improvements in coverage of the Northwest Territories in 2006.

Note: Major field of study - Classification of instructional programs - (CIP), Canada, 2000

For the first time with the 2006 Census, major field of study data were coded with the Classification of Instructional Programs - (CIP), Canada, 2000.

Prior to the 2006 Census, the Major Field of Study Classification (MFS) was used to classify major field of study. We recommend users not make historical comparisons between the two classification systems. Even though some entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison would be inappropriate given the much more detailed character of the new classification.

A theoretical concordance table between the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) and the Major Field of Study Classification (MFS) showing the definitional relationship between the two classifications was developed. This table is available in the 2006 Census Dictionary (Appendix N). This type of concordance allows users to see the relationship between the two classes of systems based on the definitional aspects of each system. However, users are cautioned that this type of concordance can not be used to convert counts from one classification system to another.

Note: Mobility status (1 year ago) universe

The 'Mobility status (1 year ago)' universe includes persons 1 year of age and over residing in Canada, excluding institutional residents and Canadians (military and government personnel of Canada) in households outside Canada. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.

Note: Mobility status (5 years ago) universe

The 'Mobility status (5 years ago)' universe includes persons 5 years of age and over residing in Canada, excluding institutional residents and Canadians (military and government personnel of Canada) in households outside Canada. For additional information, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue number 92-566-XWE.


Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details inuit area of residence , aboriginal identity , age groups , sex and selected demographic, labour force, educational and income characteristics , for the total population in CanadaFootnote 2
Selected demographic, cultural, labour force, educational and income characteristics (218) Inuit area of residence (11)
Total - Inuit area of residenceFootnote 3 Inuit Nunaat (Inuit regions)Footnote 4 Nunatsiavut Nunavik Nunavut Inuvialuit region Outside Inuit NunaatFootnote 5 Rural Total urban Urban non-census metropolitan area Urban census metropolitan area
Total population 15 years and over by legal marital statusFootnote 6 25,664,225 32,045 1,805 6,685 19,340 4,220 25,632,180 5,038,000 20,594,175 4,174,825 16,419,350
Never legally married (single) 8,963,160 19,780 990 4,415 11,840 2,530 8,943,385 1,579,345 7,364,035 1,415,015 5,949,025
Legally married (and not separated)Footnote 7 12,415,715 9,620 620 1,750 6,040 1,205 12,406,100 2,703,515 9,702,590 1,938,725 7,763,855
Separated, but still legally married 766,035 750 40 145 420 150 765,280 130,550 634,735 139,780 494,960
Divorced 2,067,200 905 70 170 465 205 2,066,295 362,780 1,703,515 380,985 1,322,530
Widowed 1,452,105 985 80 205 580 130 1,451,120 261,815 1,189,300 300,325 888,985
Total population in private households by census family statusFootnote 8 31,074,400 47,855 2,415 10,565 29,200 5,675 31,026,545 6,127,740 24,898,805 5,021,720 19,877,085
Number of family persons 26,113,390 42,655 2,170 9,570 26,220 4,690 26,070,735 5,440,250 20,630,485 4,150,450 16,480,040
Husbands or wives 12,211,825 9,225 610 1,690 5,780 1,145 12,202,595 2,663,680 9,538,910 1,915,645 7,623,265
Common-law partners 2,753,740 6,995 355 1,310 4,410 915 2,746,740 629,125 2,117,620 524,585 1,593,025
Lone parents 1,414,060 3,465 155 950 1,940 415 1,410,605 211,070 1,199,530 247,700 951,835
Children in census families 9,733,765 22,965 1,045 5,615 14,090 2,215 9,710,805 1,936,380 7,774,425 1,462,510 6,311,910
Number of persons not in census families 4,961,010 5,205 240 995 2,980 980 4,955,805 687,490 4,268,320 871,270 3,397,050
Living with relatives 644,010 1,700 105 385 945 260 642,310 99,690 542,620 83,125 459,495
Living with non-relatives only 989,950 970 40 125 595 210 988,980 103,845 885,135 157,530 727,605
Living alone 3,327,050 2,535 95 485 1,435 515 3,324,510 483,950 2,840,560 630,615 2,209,950
Total population 1 year and overFootnote 9 30,897,210 46,985 2,390 10,335 28,665 5,595 30,850,225 6,124,365 24,725,865 5,002,165 19,723,700
Lived at the same address 1 year ago 26,534,115 39,845 2,130 9,220 24,175 4,320 26,494,275 5,543,345 20,950,925 4,197,660 16,753,265
Lived within the same province or territory 1 year ago, but changed addresses within the same census subdivision (municipality) 2,554,260 4,320 150 690 2,670 810 2,549,935 227,715 2,322,220 462,320 1,859,900
Lived within the same province or territory 1 year ago, but changed addresses from another census subdivision (municipality) within the same province or territory 1,221,555 1,470 90 365 815 195 1,220,095 290,720 929,375 250,785 678,585
Lived in a different province or territory 1 year ago 289,745 1,280 15 60 950 260 288,465 45,810 242,655 71,240 171,420
Lived in a different country 1 year ago 297,530 70 0 10 55 10 297,460 16,775 280,685 20,155 260,530
Total population 5 years and overFootnote 10 29,544,485 42,600 2,230 9,245 25,900 5,215 29,501,885 5,864,095 23,637,790 4,789,505 18,848,280
Lived at the same address 5 years ago 17,457,170 25,790 1,670 6,675 14,970 2,475 17,431,385 4,192,910 13,238,475 2,748,405 10,490,070
Lived within the same province or territory 5 years ago, but changed addresses within the same census subdivision (municipality) 6,507,905 10,215 335 1,665 6,665 1,550 6,497,690 658,175 5,839,520 1,085,500 4,754,020
Lived within the same province or territory 5 years ago, but changed addresses from another census subdivision (municipality) within the same province or territory 3,566,790 3,025 175 695 1,740 420 3,563,770 821,535 2,742,235 689,790 2,052,445
Lived in a different province or territory 5 years ago 852,580 3,400 50 195 2,425 725 849,185 140,040 709,145 206,530 502,615
Lived in a different country 5 years ago 1,160,040 180 0 20 105 45 1,159,865 51,445 1,108,415 59,280 1,049,135
Total - Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal ancestry populationFootnote 11 31,241,030 48,015 2,415 10,570 29,325 5,705 31,193,010 6,186,375 25,006,640 5,055,595 19,951,045
Total - Aboriginal ancestry populationFootnote 12 1,678,230 41,235 2,175 9,595 25,165 4,295 1,637,000 613,430 1,023,575 376,485 647,085
Aboriginal ancestry single responses 630,420 35,395 1,685 8,355 22,190 3,170 595,025 333,780 261,245 122,410 138,830
Aboriginal ancestry multiple responses 1,047,810 5,840 490 1,240 2,980 1,125 1,041,975 279,650 762,325 254,075 508,250
Total - North American Indian ancestryFootnote 13 1,253,615 1,960 35 275 375 1,270 1,251,660 503,135 748,525 273,165 475,365
North American Indian ancestry single responses 512,150 695 10 35 65 590 511,455 306,615 204,835 98,395 106,445
North American Indian ancestry multiple responses 741,470 1,260 25 235 310 685 740,210 196,520 543,690 174,770 368,915
Total - Métis ancestryFootnote 14 409,065 330 55 25 105 150 408,735 121,080 287,660 108,115 179,545
Métis ancestry single responses 77,295 95 20 0 25 50 77,195 25,455 51,740 21,670 30,070
Métis ancestry multiple responses 331,770 235 35 15 80 100 331,540 95,625 235,920 86,440 149,480
Total - Inuit ancestryFootnote 15 65,890 39,835 2,130 9,510 24,875 3,325 26,050 7,130 18,920 8,850 10,070
Inuit ancestry single responses 40,980 34,600 1,660 8,310 22,095 2,525 6,375 1,710 4,665 2,345 2,320
Inuit ancestry multiple responses 24,910 5,235 470 1,195 2,780 795 19,675 5,420 14,255 6,505 7,750
Total - Non-Aboriginal ancestry population 29,562,795 6,785 240 975 4,160 1,410 29,556,010 5,572,940 23,983,070 4,679,110 19,303,955
Total population by mother tongueFootnote 16 31,241,030 48,015 2,415 10,570 29,325 5,710 31,193,010 6,186,375 25,006,640 5,055,600 19,951,045
Total - Inuktitut 32,965 31,145 480 9,440 20,755 475 1,825 445 1,380 555 820
Inuktitut only 32,380 30,705 440 9,330 20,475 455 1,680 425 1,250 490 765
Inuktitut and English and/or FrenchFootnote 17 585 440 40 110 270 15 145 20 125 65 60
Total - OtherFootnote 18 31,208,065 16,875 1,935 1,130 8,575 5,235 31,191,190 6,185,925 25,005,265 5,055,045 19,950,220
English and/or FrenchFootnote 19 25,092,605 16,095 1,930 1,025 8,165 4,980 25,076,505 5,649,600 19,426,905 4,715,410 14,711,495
Other language onlyFootnote 20 6,115,460 780 0 110 405 255 6,114,685 536,325 5,578,360 339,635 5,238,725
Total population by language spoken most often at homeFootnote 21 31,241,030 48,020 2,410 10,570 29,325 5,710 31,193,015 6,186,375 25,006,640 5,055,595 19,951,045
Total - Inuktitut 25,985 25,370 155 9,105 16,025 90 610 120 480 130 355
Inuktitut only 25,355 24,870 130 8,965 15,690 85 490 115 375 65 305
Inuktitut and English and/or FrenchFootnote 22 625 505 30 140 330 10 120 10 105 60 50
Total - Other 31,215,050 22,645 2,255 1,465 13,305 5,615 31,192,405 6,186,250 25,006,155 5,055,470 19,950,685
English and/or FrenchFootnote 23 27,768,280 22,395 2,255 1,440 13,180 5,520 27,745,880 5,949,180 21,796,700 4,934,255 16,862,450
Other language onlyFootnote 24 3,446,770 250 0 30 120 95 3,446,525 237,070 3,209,450 121,220 3,088,235
Total population by knowledge of InuktitutFootnote 25 31,241,030 48,020 2,410 10,575 29,325 5,705 31,193,010 6,186,370 25,006,640 5,055,595 19,951,040
Total - Inuktitut 36,260 33,850 580 9,650 22,940 680 2,410 605 1,805 705 1,105
Inuktitut only 4,715 4,635 15 2,315 2,290 15 80 10 70 0 75
Inuktitut and other language(s)Footnote 26 31,550 29,220 570 7,335 20,650 665 2,330 595 1,735 710 1,030
Total - Other 31,204,765 14,170 1,830 925 6,380 5,030 31,190,600 6,185,770 25,004,830 5,054,890 19,949,940
English and/or FrenchFootnote 27 30,689,105 14,135 1,830 915 6,370 5,020 30,674,975 6,162,225 24,512,750 5,039,620 19,473,130
Other language(s) onlyFootnote 28 515,660 30 0 10 15 10 515,630 23,550 492,080 15,270 476,810
Total population 15 years and over by labour force activityFootnote 29 25,664,225 32,045 1,805 6,680 19,340 4,220 25,632,175 5,038,005 20,594,175 4,174,825 16,419,350
In the labour force 17,146,135 21,245 1,020 4,565 12,635 3,025 17,124,890 3,331,730 13,793,155 2,653,485 11,139,675
Employed 16,021,175 17,640 700 3,745 10,670 2,530 16,003,540 3,084,175 12,919,360 2,468,185 10,451,180
Unemployed 1,124,955 3,605 320 825 1,965 495 1,121,350 247,560 873,795 185,300 688,495
Not in the labour force 8,518,090 10,800 790 2,115 6,705 1,195 8,507,290 1,706,270 6,801,020 1,521,340 5,279,675
Participation rate 66.8 66.3 56.5 68.3 65.3 71.7 66.8 66.1 67.0 63.6 67.8
Employment rate 62.4 55.0 38.8 56.1 55.2 60.0 62.4 61.2 62.7 59.1 63.7
Unemployment rate 6.6 17.0 31.4 18.1 15.6 16.4 6.5 7.4 6.3 7.0 6.2
Total labour force 15 years and over by class of workerFootnote 30 17,146,135 21,245 1,015 4,565 12,635 3,025 17,124,890 3,331,735 13,793,160 2,653,485 11,139,675
Class of worker - Not applicableFootnote 31 284,950 855 15 210 555 75 284,100 45,260 238,835 39,400 199,435
All classes of workerFootnote 32 16,861,185 20,390 1,005 4,355 12,080 2,945 16,840,790 3,286,470 13,554,320 2,614,080 10,940,240
Wage earners 14,816,205 19,640 985 4,305 11,570 2,785 14,796,570 2,672,370 12,124,200 2,353,640 9,770,565
Self-employedFootnote 33 1,993,710 745 20 50 510 165 1,992,970 588,960 1,404,005 255,635 1,148,370
Unpaid family workers 51,265 10 0 0 0 0 51,255 25,140 26,120 4,810 21,310
Total labour force 15 years and over by industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002Footnote 34 17,146,135 21,240 1,015 4,565 12,635 3,025 17,124,895 3,331,735 13,793,155 2,653,485 11,139,675
Industry - Not applicableFootnote 35 284,950 855 15 210 555 80 284,100 45,260 238,835 39,400 199,435
All industriesFootnote 36 16,861,185 20,390 1,005 4,360 12,080 2,950 16,840,790 3,286,470 13,554,325 2,614,080 10,940,240
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 523,650 205 45 30 110 30 523,445 390,330 133,110 71,050 62,060
21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 238,810 455 90 100 205 55 238,360 67,615 170,745 85,495 85,245
22 Utilities 132,945 395 20 65 265 45 132,550 28,915 103,635 25,195 78,445
23 Construction 1,069,095 1,160 70 90 730 270 1,067,940 282,725 785,215 171,045 614,170
31-33 Manufacturing 2,005,980 245 65 10 155 15 2,005,735 402,570 1,603,165 336,880 1,266,280
41 Wholesale trade 739,305 195 10 20 95 75 739,110 112,275 626,840 83,135 543,705
44-45 Retail trade 1,917,175 2,170 80 435 1,405 245 1,915,005 324,550 1,590,450 345,505 1,244,945
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 820,195 1,200 30 270 685 215 818,995 175,785 643,210 116,075 527,135
51 Information and cultural industries 417,320 360 15 60 230 55 416,960 39,120 377,840 39,260 338,580
52 Finance and insurance 689,210 115 0 10 90 15 689,095 76,150 612,940 68,960 543,980
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 303,510 560 0 60 370 130 302,945 40,020 262,925 40,265 222,660
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 1,122,445 395 25 25 260 90 1,122,050 128,370 993,680 101,955 891,730
55 Management of companies and enterprises 20,535 15 0 10 0 0 20,515 2,645 17,875 2,015 15,855
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 722,695 535 0 115 315 90 722,165 110,070 612,095 101,160 510,935
61 Educational services 1,150,535 2,670 120 770 1,540 245 1,147,865 200,075 947,790 172,950 774,835
62 Health care and social assistance 1,716,255 2,675 135 1,095 1,100 340 1,713,580 310,485 1,403,095 303,935 1,099,155
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 346,315 430 10 55 300 70 345,885 62,260 283,625 49,845 233,780
72 Accommodation and food services 1,126,695 835 55 100 500 180 1,125,860 181,440 944,425 210,300 734,120
81 Other services (except public administration) 819,880 650 35 95 405 125 819,230 163,295 655,935 133,625 522,305
91 Public administration 978,615 5,110 195 945 3,305 660 973,505 187,775 785,735 155,410 630,320
Total labour force 15 years and over by occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006Footnote 37 17,146,135 21,240 1,020 4,570 12,635 3,025 17,124,895 3,331,735 13,793,155 2,653,485 11,139,670
Occupation - Not applicableFootnote 38 284,950 855 10 210 555 80 284,100 45,260 238,835 39,405 199,435
All occupationsFootnote 39 16,861,185 20,390 1,005 4,355 12,080 2,945 16,840,795 3,286,470 13,554,325 2,614,085 10,940,240
A Management occupations 1,631,730 2,035 75 325 1,275 355 1,629,695 273,860 1,355,835 217,705 1,138,130
B Business, finance and administrative occupations 3,025,425 2,905 75 475 1,880 480 3,022,515 461,855 2,560,665 393,250 2,167,410
C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 1,108,050 690 35 80 420 160 1,107,355 137,790 969,565 123,285 846,280
D Health occupations 950,365 670 30 200 310 130 949,690 169,905 779,785 163,120 616,670
E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion 1,414,320 3,525 195 950 1,985 385 1,410,800 219,720 1,191,085 207,550 983,530
F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 502,195 985 45 215 640 80 501,210 62,890 438,325 52,815 385,505
G Sales and service occupations 4,037,725 5,450 255 1,305 3,170 725 4,032,275 680,260 3,352,015 701,940 2,650,075
H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 2,550,295 3,500 175 725 2,045 555 2,546,800 665,000 1,881,800 463,350 1,418,450
I Occupations unique to primary industry 648,315 390 55 60 215 60 647,925 406,495 241,430 105,425 136,005
J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities 992,765 245 60 25 145 20 992,525 208,700 783,820 185,640 598,185
Total population 15 years and over by highest certificate, diploma or degreeFootnote 40 25,664,225 32,045 1,805 6,680 19,340 4,215 25,632,180 5,038,005 20,594,175 4,174,825 16,419,350
No certificate, diploma or degree 6,098,330 17,915 880 4,065 11,080 1,885 6,080,410 1,562,285 4,518,130 1,174,225 3,343,900
Certificate, diploma or degree 19,565,895 14,130 925 2,620 8,260 2,330 19,551,765 3,475,720 16,076,045 3,000,595 13,075,450
High school certificate or equivalentFootnote 41 6,553,420 3,810 300 710 2,110 690 6,549,615 1,247,270 5,302,345 1,100,735 4,201,610
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 2,785,425 2,885 210 955 1,345 375 2,782,535 707,675 2,074,860 552,135 1,522,730
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diplomaFootnote 42 4,435,135 4,130 235 395 2,740 755 4,431,010 847,185 3,583,820 743,410 2,840,415
University certificate or diploma below bachelor levelFootnote 43 1,136,145 565 60 115 315 70 1,135,585 165,210 970,375 146,670 823,700
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor's level or aboveFootnote 44 4,655,765 2,745 120 440 1,745 440 4,653,025 508,385 4,144,645 457,650 3,686,995
Bachelor's degree 2,981,465 1,845 90 295 1,160 295 2,979,620 334,100 2,645,520 311,595 2,333,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 493,540 265 0 40 160 50 493,275 62,610 430,665 50,990 379,675
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 136,845 45 0 10 30 10 136,800 16,305 120,495 14,835 105,660
Master's degree 866,975 525 15 70 355 80 866,455 79,450 787,005 67,945 719,050
Earned doctorate 176,945 65 0 20 35 10 176,880 15,915 160,960 12,280 148,680
Total population 15 years and over with postsecondary qualifications by major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000Footnote 45 13,012,475 10,320 620 1,910 6,145 1,640 13,002,155 2,228,450 10,773,705 1,899,865 8,873,840
Education 994,665 1,400 105 315 800 175 993,270 198,100 795,165 180,595 614,570
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 481,190 275 20 50 165 40 480,915 54,745 426,170 45,780 380,390
Humanities 717,125 480 25 75 320 70 716,640 85,580 631,065 79,700 551,360
Social and behavioural sciences and law 1,275,105 1,105 50 210 690 160 1,274,000 148,445 1,125,560 133,055 992,500
Business, management and public administration 2,801,725 1,955 95 255 1,245 365 2,799,765 415,070 2,384,695 386,000 1,998,695
Physical and life sciences and technologies 451,965 310 10 45 200 60 451,650 52,380 399,270 41,910 357,365
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 568,755 250 15 20 185 30 568,505 54,045 514,455 49,885 464,570
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies 2,922,080 2,150 135 335 1,330 350 2,919,930 618,780 2,301,150 473,240 1,827,910
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 291,510 275 20 45 135 75 291,240 112,115 179,125 57,515 121,610
Health, parks, recreation and fitness 1,728,885 995 70 225 530 175 1,727,890 313,025 1,414,865 300,240 1,114,625
Personal, protective and transportation services 777,370 1,125 85 330 545 160 776,250 175,795 600,450 151,685 448,770
Other fields of studyFootnote 46 2,105 0 0 0 0 0 2,100 375 1,725 255 1,470
Total population 15 years and over by employment income and work activityFootnote 47 25,664,225 32,045 1,805 6,680 19,340 4,220 25,632,180 5,038,005 20,594,175 4,174,825 16,419,350
Did not work or had no employment income in 2005Footnote 48 8,622,380 9,835 545 1,895 6,345 1,050 8,612,545 1,717,335 6,895,210 1,502,545 5,392,665
Worked full year full time with employment incomeFootnote 49 9,275,770 10,615 410 2,150 6,520 1,530 9,265,150 1,710,860 7,554,290 1,413,130 6,141,165
Average employment income $ 51,221 57,046 42,904 48,014 59,617 62,579 51,215 45,302 52,554 45,919 54,080
Median employment income $ 41,401 53,856 39,808 43,712 58,088 59,956 41,390 37,359 42,287 39,323 43,059
Standard error of average employment income $ 52 0 0 0 0 0 53 106 60 72 72
Worked part year or part time with employment incomeFootnote 50 7,766,075 11,590 850 2,635 6,475 1,635 7,754,485 1,609,810 6,144,675 1,259,150 4,885,525
Average employment income $ 22,398 18,682 14,969 19,552 18,298 20,725 22,403 20,507 22,900 20,720 23,462
Median employment income $ 13,072 10,247 9,632 11,104 10,007 13,488 13,076 12,252 13,316 12,363 13,592
Standard error of average employment income $ 41 0 0 0 0 0 42 74 49 69 59
Total population 15 years and over by employment incomeFootnote 51 25,664,225 32,040 1,805 6,680 19,340 4,220 25,632,180 5,038,005 20,594,175 4,174,820 16,419,350
Without employment income 7,462,960 8,475 480 1,135 5,865 995 7,454,485 1,481,115 5,973,370 1,309,210 4,664,160
With employment incomeFootnote 52 18,201,265 23,570 1,325 5,545 13,475 3,225 18,177,695 3,556,890 14,620,810 2,865,615 11,755,185
Under $5,000Footnote 53 2,696,200 4,655 310 1,370 2,505 475 2,691,540 624,115 2,067,425 457,875 1,609,550
$ 5,000 to $ 9,999 1,827,850 2,340 205 595 1,255 285 1,825,510 401,055 1,424,460 299,190 1,125,265
$10,000 to $19,999 2,862,810 3,335 255 855 1,870 360 2,859,470 605,075 2,254,395 476,130 1,778,270
$20,000 to $29,999 2,440,735 2,545 165 685 1,375 320 2,438,190 492,115 1,946,075 402,040 1,544,035
$30,000 to $39,999 2,265,075 2,100 115 465 1,165 350 2,262,975 425,750 1,837,220 352,920 1,484,300
$40,000 to $49,999 1,770,720 1,640 80 440 850 270 1,769,080 311,960 1,457,120 264,330 1,192,790
$50,000 to $59,999 1,272,415 1,450 75 315 795 265 1,270,965 217,285 1,053,680 188,760 864,920
$60,000 to $74,999 1,320,495 2,070 70 365 1,255 375 1,318,420 221,100 1,097,320 201,115 896,210
$75,000 and over 1,744,970 3,425 45 455 2,400 530 1,741,540 258,440 1,483,105 223,260 1,259,845
Average employment income $Footnote 54 36,301 35,346 23,154 28,908 37,997 40,362 36,302 31,645 37,435 32,276 38,693
Median employment income $Footnote 55 26,850 24,983 15,520 19,301 26,848 33,557 26,852 22,790 27,935 24,785 28,775
Standard error of average employment income $Footnote 56 34 0 0 0 0 0 34 64 39 50 47
Total population 15 years and over with income in 2005 by composition of total income %Footnote 57 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Market income % 88.9 88.1 79.2 84.7 88.8 91.9 88.9 86.5 89.5 85.6 90.3
Employment income % 76.2 85.7 76.1 82.7 86.5 89.2 76.2 73.2 76.8 72.4 77.8
Wages and salaries % 70.7 83.2 75.1 80.4 84.1 85.7 70.7 67.1 71.5 68.3 72.2
Self-employment income % 5.5 2.5 1.1 2.3 2.4 3.6 5.5 6.1 5.3 4.1 5.6
Investment income % 4.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 4.3 4.6 4.3 3.7 4.4
Retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities % 6.6 0.9 1.5 0.7 0.8 1.1 6.6 6.9 6.5 7.9 6.2
Other money income % 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.9
Government transfer payments % 11.1 11.9 20.7 15.3 11.2 7.9 11.1 13.5 10.5 14.4 9.7
Old Age Security pensions and Guaranteed Income Supplement % 3.0 1.3 2.8 1.2 1.2 1.5 3.0 3.6 2.9 4.1 2.6
Canada/Quebec Pension Plan benefits % 3.4 0.9 1.6 1.1 0.7 1.0 3.4 3.9 3.2 4.5 3.0
Child benefits % 1.3 4.2 3.4 7.1 3.9 1.9 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.2
Employment Insurance benefits % 1.4 1.8 9.6 2.1 1.2 1.6 1.4 2.3 1.2 1.7 1.1
Other income from government sources % 2.0 3.8 3.5 3.7 4.2 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.6 1.8
Income taxes paid % 17.7 16.1 14.1 15.6 15.9 18.4 17.7 16.7 17.9 15.8 18.4
Total population 15 years and over by wages and salaries in 2005Footnote 58 25,664,220 32,045 1,805 6,680 19,340 4,215 25,632,180 5,038,005 20,594,175 4,174,825 16,419,350
Without wages and salaries 8,905,805 9,075 505 1,165 6,315 1,090 8,896,725 1,913,615 6,983,110 1,496,160 5,486,950
With wages and salaries 16,758,420 22,970 1,300 5,515 13,030 3,125 16,735,455 3,124,390 13,611,065 2,678,665 10,932,400
Under $5,000 2,376,085 4,540 310 1,370 2,390 465 2,371,550 493,875 1,877,670 411,920 1,465,745
$ 5,000 to $ 9,999 1,626,855 2,250 195 590 1,190 270 1,624,610 338,210 1,286,400 272,435 1,013,960
$10,000 to $19,999 2,548,370 3,250 245 845 1,800 355 2,545,115 514,230 2,030,885 436,795 1,594,090
$20,000 to $29,999 2,249,190 2,470 155 680 1,320 310 2,246,720 437,090 1,809,630 378,260 1,431,370
$30,000 to $39,999 2,148,340 2,055 115 465 1,135 340 2,146,285 392,860 1,753,420 337,555 1,415,870
$40,000 to $49,999 1,702,955 1,620 80 445 835 255 1,701,335 294,720 1,406,620 255,595 1,151,025
$50,000 to $59,999 1,224,070 1,400 75 310 765 250 1,222,665 205,200 1,017,465 182,415 835,050
$60,000 and over 2,882,550 5,385 120 810 3,585 875 2,877,165 448,200 2,428,970 403,675 2,025,290
Average wages and salaries $Footnote 59 36,602 35,213 23,330 28,288 38,197 39,931 36,604 33,017 37,427 32,568 38,618
Median wages and salaries $Footnote 60 27,994 25,001 15,600 19,136 27,465 32,832 27,996 24,783 28,849 25,535 29,697
Standard error of average wages and salaries $Footnote 61 35 0 0 0 0 0 35 68 40 51 48
Total population 15 years and over by total income in 2005Footnote 62 25,664,220 32,045 1,805 6,680 19,340 4,215 25,632,180 5,038,005 20,594,175 4,174,825 16,419,350
Without income 1,241,060 2,835 165 325 2,030 315 1,238,230 260,605 977,625 179,865 797,755
With income 24,423,160 29,210 1,645 6,360 17,310 3,900 24,393,950 4,777,400 19,616,550 3,994,960 15,621,595
Under $5,000Footnote 63 2,575,370 4,990 260 975 3,150 605 2,570,375 539,955 2,030,420 375,015 1,655,405
$ 5,000 to $ 9,999 2,411,170 3,250 215 785 1,870 380 2,407,920 502,165 1,905,760 407,800 1,497,960
$10,000 to $19,999 5,049,145 5,520 390 1,225 3,295 610 5,043,625 1,057,825 3,985,800 917,740 3,068,060
$20,000 to $29,999 3,681,500 3,555 275 890 1,980 410 3,677,950 763,585 2,914,360 650,585 2,263,775
$30,000 to $39,999 3,189,445 2,635 185 680 1,415 360 3,186,815 627,410 2,559,405 533,335 2,026,065
$40,000 to $49,999 2,293,500 1,920 100 530 970 320 2,291,585 422,640 1,868,940 360,750 1,508,195
$50,000 to $79,999 3,507,900 4,205 180 850 2,440 735 3,503,695 606,945 2,896,755 536,850 2,359,905
$80,000 and over 1,715,125 3,140 40 420 2,195 480 1,711,985 256,875 1,455,115 212,885 1,242,225
Average income $Footnote 64 35,498 33,268 24,609 30,476 34,182 37,407 35,501 32,185 36,308 31,978 37,416
Median income $Footnote 65 25,615 21,715 18,763 21,981 20,982 28,006 25,619 23,514 26,188 24,237 26,785
Standard error of average income $Footnote 66 30 0 0 0 0 0 30 52 35 42 43
Total - Persons in private households by income status in 2005Footnote 67 30,628,935 2,415 2,415 0 0 0 30,626,525 5,824,690 24,801,830 4,950,530 19,851,295
Total - Persons in economic familiesFootnote 68 26,358,390 2,275 2,280 0 0 0 26,356,115 5,260,820 21,095,295 4,171,775 16,923,525
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off before tax 3,144,530 330 330 0 0 0 3,144,200 340,940 2,803,260 416,775 2,386,485
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for economic family members % 11.9 14.5 14.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 6.5 13.3 10.0 14.1
Persons in economic families below low income cut-off after tax 2,274,760 195 195 0 0 0 2,274,565 222,430 2,052,135 276,900 1,775,235
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for economic family members % 8.6 8.4 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 4.2 9.7 6.6 10.5
Total - Persons 15 years and over not in economic families 4,270,545 0 0 0 0 0 4,270,405 563,875 3,706,530 778,760 2,927,775
Persons not in economic families below before-tax low income cut-off 1,556,490 0 0 0 0 0 1,556,440 140,050 1,416,385 273,735 1,142,650
Prevalence of low income before tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 36.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.4 24.8 38.2 35.2 39.0
Persons not in economic families below after-tax low income cut-off 1,209,865 0 0 0 0 0 1,209,830 94,810 1,115,020 178,445 936,580
Prevalence of low income after tax in 2005 for persons not in economic families % 28.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.3 16.8 30.1 22.9 32.0

Footnotes

Footnote 1

This is a grouping of the total population into non-Aboriginal or Aboriginal population, with Aboriginal persons further divided into Inuit and other Aboriginal groups, based on their responses to three questions on the 2006 Census form.

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Footnote 2

Excludes census data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 3

'Total - Inuit area of residence' refers to the following types of geographic areas: Inuit Nunaat (Inuit regions), urban census metropolitan area, urban non-census metropolitan area and rural area. These geographic areas can be used to show where the Inuit population is residing.

An urban area has a minimum population concentration of 1,000 persons and a population density of at least 400 persons per square kilometer, based on the current census population count. All territory outside urban areas is classified as rural.

A census metropolitan area (CMA) is a large urban area and has a population of at least 100,000.

Urban non-census metropolitan areas are smaller urban areas with a population of less than 100,000.

Rural areas include remote and wilderness areas and agricultural lands, as well as small towns, villages and other populated places with a population of less than 1,000.

Additional information on the geographic units can be obtained from the 2006 Census Dictionary.

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Footnote 4

Inuit Nunaat is the homeland of the Inuit of Canada. It includes communities in Nunatsiavut (Northern coastal Labrador), Nunavik (Northern Quebec), the territory of Nunavut and the Inuvialuit region (Northwest Territories).

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Footnote 5

Outside Inuit Nunaat includes all areas outside of Nunatsiavut (Northern coastal Labrador), Nunavik (Northern Quebec), the territory of Nunavut and the Inuvialuit region (Northwest Territories).

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Footnote 6

Legal marital status
Part A - Plain language definition
A person's conjugal status under the law (e.g., single, married, widowed). Legal marital status data are derived from the responses to Question 4 (Marital status) in the census questionnaires.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the legal conjugal status of a person.
The various responses are defined as follows:
Never legally married (single)
Persons who have never married (including all persons less than 15 years of age) and persons whose marriage has been annulled and who have not remarried.
Legally married (and not separated)
Persons whose spouse is living, unless the couple is separated or a divorce has been obtained.
Separated, but still legally married
Persons currently married, but who are no longer living with their spouse (for any reason other than illness or work) and have not obtained a divorce.
Divorced
Persons who have obtained a legal divorce and who have not remarried.
Widowed
Persons who have lost their spouse through death and who have not remarried.

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Footnote 7

In 2006, this category includes spouses in same-sex marriages.

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Footnote 8

Census family status
Part A - Plain language definition
Classification of persons according to whether or not they are members of a census family and the status they have in the census family (a census family is composed of a married couple or two persons living common-law, with or without children, or of a lone parent living with at least one child in the same dwelling). A person can be a spouse, a common-law partner, a lone parent, a child or a person not in a census family.
Part B - Detailed definition:
Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of a census family.
Family persons refer to household members who belong to a census family. They, in turn, are further classified as follows:

Spouses refer to two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are legally married to each other and living in the same dwelling.

Common-law partners are two persons of opposite sex or of the same sex who are not legally married to each other, but live together as a couple in the same dwelling.

Lone parent refers to a mother or a father, with no spouse or common-law partner present, living in a dwelling with one or more children.

Children refer to blood, step- or adopted sons and daughters (regardless of age or marital status) who are living in the same dwelling as their parent(s), as well as grandchildren in households where there are no parents present. Sons and daughters who are living with their spouse or common-law partner, or with one or more of their own children, are not considered to be members of the census family of their parent(s), even if they are living in the same dwelling. In addition, those sons and daughters who do not live in the same dwelling as their parent(s) are not considered members of the census family of their parent(s). The category of 'children' can be further distinguished as follows:

Never-married sons and/or daughters in a census family, as used in censuses prior to 2001.

Other sons and/or daughters in a census family who would not have been included in the census family of their parents according to the previous concept.

Grandchildren living in the same household as their grandparent(s), with no parents present.

Persons not in census families refer to household members who do not belong to a census family.

Return to footnote 8 referrer

Footnote 9

Mobility 1: Mobility status - Place of residence 1 year ago
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating whether the person lived in the same residence on Census Day (May 16, 2006), as he or she did one year before (May 16, 2005). This means that we have 'movers' and 'non-movers'. There are different types of 'movers': people who moved within the same city or town (non-migrants), people who moved to a different city or town (internal migrants), and people who came from another country to live in Canada (external migrants).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence one year earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called Mobility status (1 year ago). Within the category of movers, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided one year earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in one year earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD one year earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada one year earlier (external migrants).

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Footnote 10

Mobility 5: Mobility status - Place of residence 5 years ago
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating whether the person lived in the same residence on Census Day (May 16, 2006), as he or she did five years before (May 16, 2001). This means that we have 'movers' and 'non-movers'. There are different types of 'movers': people who moved within the same city or town (non-migrants), people who moved to a different city or town (internal migrants), and people who came from another country to live in Canada (external migrants).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the relationship between a person's usual place of residence on Census Day and his or her usual place of residence five years earlier. A person is classified as a non-mover if no difference exists. Otherwise, a person is classified as a mover and this categorization is called mobility status (5 years ago). Within the movers category, a further distinction is made between non-migrants and migrants; this difference is called migration status.

Non-movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at the same address as the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Movers are persons who, on Census Day, were living at a different address than the one at which they resided five years earlier.

Non-migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were living at a different address, but in the same census subdivision (CSD) as the one they lived in five years earlier.

Migrants are movers who, on Census Day, were residing in a different CSD five years earlier (internal migrants) or who were living outside Canada five years earlier (external migrants).

Return to footnote 10 referrer

Footnote 11

Aboriginal ancestry
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors.
'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior to the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with previous censuses.

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Footnote 12

Refers to those persons who reported at least one Aboriginal ancestry (North American Indian, Métis or Inuit) to the ethnic origin question. 'Ethnic origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of a person's ancestors. Additional Information on ethnic origin can be obtained from the 2006 Census Dictionary.

'Aboriginal ancestry' was referred to as 'Aboriginal origin' prior the 2006 Census. The content of the variable remains unchanged in 2006 compared with the previous censuses.

Return to footnote 12 referrer

Footnote 13

This category indicates the number of respondents who reported the North American Indian ethnic origin, either as their only response or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The total represents the sum of single responses and multiple responses received in the census. Respondents who reported multiple ethnic origins are counted more than once, as they are included in the multiple responses for each origin they reported. For example, a respondent who reported 'North American Indian and Métis' is included in the multiple responses for North American Indian and for Métis.

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Footnote 14

This category indicates the number of respondents who reported the Métis ethnic origin, either as their only response or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The total represents the sum of single responses and multiple responses received in the census. Respondents who reported multiple ethnic origins are counted more than once, as they are included in the multiple responses for each origin they reported. For example, a respondent who reported 'North American Indian and Métis' is included in the multiple responses for North American Indian and for Métis.

Return to footnote 14 referrer

Footnote 15

This category indicates the number of respondents who reported the Inuit ethnic origin, either as their only response or in addition to one or more other ethnic origins. The total represents the sum of single responses and multiple responses received in the census. Respondents who reported multiple ethnic origins are counted more than once, as they are included in the multiple responses for each origin they reported. For example, a respondent who reported 'North American Indian and Inuit' is included in the multiple responses for North American Indian and for Inuit.

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Footnote 16

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual at the time of the census.

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Footnote 17

Indicates the number of persons who reported Inuktitut and English and/or French as their mother tongue.

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Footnote 18

Indicates the number of persons who reported a language or languages other than Inuktitut as their mother tongue.

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Footnote 19

Indicates the number of persons who reported English and/or French as their mother tongue. This also includes persons who reported English and/or French in combination with another language (other than Inuktitut) as their mother tongue.

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Footnote 20

Indicates the number of persons who reported a language other than Inuktitut, English and French as their mother tongue.

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Footnote 21

Refers to the language spoken most often at home by the individual at the time of the census. Data on other languages spoken on a regular basis at home are also collected.

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Footnote 22

Indicates the number of persons who reported Inuktitut and English and/or French as their language spoken most often at home.

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Footnote 23

Indicates the number of persons who reported English and/or French as their language spoken most often at home. This also includes persons who reported English and/or French in combination with another language (other than Inuktitut).

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Footnote 24

Indicates the number of persons who reported a language other than Inuktitut, English or French as their language spoken most often at home.

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Footnote 25

Refers to the ability to conduct a conversation in Inuktitut.

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Footnote 26

Indicates the number of persons who reported knowledge of Inuktitut and at least one other language (including English and/or French and/or another language).

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Footnote 27

Indicates the number of persons who reported knowledge of English and/or French. This also includes persons who reported knowledge of English and/or French in combination with another language (other than Inuktitut).

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Footnote 28

Indicates the number of persons who reported knowledge of a language other than Inuktitut, English, and French.

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Footnote 29

Labour force activity
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour market activity of the population 15 years of age and over in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006). Respondents were classified as Employed, Unemployed, or Not in the labour force. The labour force includes the employed and the unemployed.

Employed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006):
(a) did any work at all for pay or in self-employment or without pay in a family farm, business or professional practice
(b) were absent from their job or business, with or without pay, for the entire week because of a vacation, an illness, a labour dispute at their place of work, or any other reasons.

Unemployed
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Persons who, during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were without paid work or without self-employment work and were available for work and either:
(a) had actively looked for paid work in the past four weeks; or
(b) were on temporary lay-off and expected to return to their job; or
(c) had definite arrangements to start a new job in four weeks or less.

Not in the labour force
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to persons who, in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), were neither employed nor unemployed. It includes students, homemakers, retired workers, seasonal workers in an 'off' season who were not looking for work, and persons who could not work because of a long term illness or disability.

Participation rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over.

The participation rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the total labour force in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Employment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the number of persons employed in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006), expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over.

The employment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the number employed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the population 15 years of age and over, in that group.

Unemployment rate
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the unemployed expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to Census Day (May 16, 2006).

The unemployment rate for a particular group (age, sex, marital status, geographic area, etc.) is the unemployed in that group, expressed as a percentage of the labour force in that group, in the week prior to enumeration.

Return to footnote 29 referrer

Footnote 30

Class of worker
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
This variable classifies persons who reported a job into the following categories:
(a) persons who worked mainly for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, piece-rates, or payments 'in kind' (payments in goods or services rather than money);
(b) persons who worked mainly for themselves, with or without paid help, operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership;
(c) persons who worked without pay in a family business, farm or professional practice owned or operated by a related household member; unpaid family work does not include unpaid housework, unpaid childcare, unpaid care to seniors and volunteer work.
The job reported was the one held in the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006) if the person was employed, or the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005, if the person was not employed during the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs in the reference week were asked to provide information for the job at which they worked the most hours.

Return to footnote 30 referrer

Footnote 31

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 32

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 33

Includes self-employed unincorporated and incorporated.

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Footnote 34

Industry (based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS])
Part A - Plain language definition
General nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2006 Census data on industry (based on the 2002 NAICS) can be compared with data from Canada's NAFTA partners (United States and Mexico).
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were required to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census industry data are produced according to the 2002 NAICS. The NAICS provides enhanced industry comparability among the three North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trading partners (Canada, United States and Mexico). This classification consists of a systematic and comprehensive arrangement of industries structured into 20 sectors, 103 subsectors and 328 industry groups. The criteria used to create these categories are similarity of input structures, labour skills or production processes used by the establishment. For further information on the classification, see North American Industry Classification System, Canada, 2002, Catalogue no. 12-501-XPE.

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Footnote 35

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 36

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 37

Occupation (based on the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 [NOC-S 2006])
Part A - Plain language definition
Kind of work done by persons aged 15 and over. Occupation is based on the type of job the person holds and the description of his or her duties. The 2006 Census data on occupation are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). For comparisons with data from the 1991 and 1996 censuses, the variable Occupation (historical) should be used.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the kind of work persons were doing during the reference week, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. If the person did not have a job during the week (Sunday to Saturday) prior to enumeration (May 16, 2006), the data relate to the job of longest duration since January 1, 2005. Persons with two or more jobs were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most hours.
The 2006 Census occupation data are classified according to the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006 (NOC-S 2006). This classification is composed of four levels of aggregation. There are 10 broad occupational categories containing 47 major groups that are further subdivided into 140 minor groups. At the most detailed level, there are 520 occupation unit groups. Occupation unit groups are formed on the basis of the education, training, or skill level required to enter the job, as well as the kind of work performed, as determined by the tasks, duties and responsibilities of the occupation.
For information on the NOC-S 2006, see the National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Catalogue No. 12-583-XIE.

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Footnote 38

Unemployed persons 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2005 only.

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Footnote 39

Refers to the experienced labour force population: includes persons who were employed and persons who were unemployed who worked for pay or in self-employment since January 1, 2005.

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Footnote 40

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class'. For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

Census questions relating to education changed substantially between 2001 and 2006, principally to reflect developments in Canada's education system. These changes improved the quality of data and provided more precise information on the level of educational attainment as well as fields of study.

However, users should be aware that changes to the education portion of the 2006 Census questionnaire have affected the comparability of some 2006 Census data with data from previous censuses. More information on the historical comparability of specific categories of 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Part A - Plain language definition
Information indicating the person's most advanced certificate, diploma or degree.
Part B - Detailed definition
This is a derived variable obtained from the educational qualifications questions, which asked for all certificates, diplomas and degrees to be reported. There is an implied hierarchy in this variable (secondary school graduation, registered apprenticeship and trades, college, university) which is loosely tied to the 'in-class' duration of the various types of education. However, at the detailed level a registered apprenticeship graduate may not have completed a secondary school certificate or diploma, nor does an individual with a master's degree necessarily have a certificate or diploma above the bachelor's degree level. Therefore, although the sequence is more or less hierarchical, it is a general rather than an absolute gradient measure of academic achievement.

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Footnote 41

'High school certificate or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. Excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. Examples of postsecondary institutions include community colleges, institutes of technology, CEGEPs, private trade schools, private business colleges, schools of nursing and universities.

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Footnote 42

'College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' replaces the category 'Other non university certificate or diploma' in previous censuses. This category includes accreditation by non degree-granting institutions such as community colleges, CEGEPs, private business colleges and technical institutes.

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Footnote 43

The overall quality of the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable from the 2006 Census is acceptable. However, users of the 'University certificate or diploma below the bachelor level' category should know that an unexpected growth in this category was noted compared to the 2001 Census.

In fact, in the 2001 Census, 2.5% of respondents aged 15 years or over declared such a diploma, compared to 4.4% in 2006, representing 89% growth. This phenomenon was not found in other sources like the Labour Force Survey.

We recommend users interpret the 2006 Census results for this category with caution.

For more information on factors that may explain such variances in census data, such as response errors and processing errors, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Appendix B: Data quality, sampling and weighting, confidentiality and random rounding.

More information is available in the Education Reference Guide, 2006 Census, catalogue number 97-560-GWE2006003.

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Footnote 44

Questions pertaining to university degrees attained in 2006 (for example bachelor's degrees or master's degrees) were similar to those asked in 2001. Data for the university categories (bachelor's degree through to earned doctorate) are comparable over time.

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Footnote 45

'Field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level.

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Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
Part A - Plain language definition
Main subject area of the person's highest certificate, diploma or degree after high school.
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree. The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP [Canada 2000]) major field of study classification structure consists of 13 major categories or primary groupings, 12 of which are used for the census (the category which includes courses in personal development is not used). The 12 primary groupings are: education; visual and performing arts, and communications technologies; humanities; social and behavioural sciences and law; business, management and public administration; physical and life sciences and technologies; mathematics, computer and information sciences; architecture, engineering and related technologies; agriculture, natural resources and conservation; health, parks, recreation and fitness; personal, protective and transportation services; other.

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Footnote 46

Includes Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, Other.

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Footnote 47

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

Work activity - Refers to the number of weeks in which a person worked for pay or in self-employment in the reference year at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (1 to 29 hours per week). Persons with a part-time job for part of the year and a full-time job for another part of the year were to report the information for the job at which they worked the most weeks. The term 'Full-year full-time workers' refers to persons 15 years of age and over who worked 49 to 52 weeks (mostly full time) in the reference year for pay or in self-employment.

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Footnote 48

Includes persons who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2005 only, persons who worked in 2006 only, as well as persons who worked in 2005 but had no employment income.

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Footnote 49

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked 49 to 52 weeks in 2005, mostly full time.

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Footnote 50

Was an earner or employment income recipient and worked less than 49 weeks or worked mostly part time in 2005.

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Footnote 51

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons 15 years of age and over during calendar year 2005 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2005 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2005, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA). The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income for unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2005 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 52

Earner or employment income recipient - Refers to a person 15 years of age and over who received wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income during calendar year 2005.

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Footnote 53

Including loss.

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Footnote 54

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 55

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 56

For persons with employment income.

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Footnote 57

Composition of income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

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Footnote 58

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2005. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excludes gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump-sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors for average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic], persons not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 59

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 60

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 61

For persons with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 62

'Total income' refers to the total money income received from the following sources during calendar year 2005 by persons 15 years of age and over:

- wages and salaries (total)
- net farm income
- net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice
- child benefits
- Old Age Security pension and Guaranteed Income Supplement
- benefits from Canada or Quebec Pension Plan
- benefits from Employment Insurance
- other income from government sources
- dividends, interest on bonds, deposits and savings certificates, and other investment income
- retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from RRSPs and RRIFs
- other money income.

'After-tax income' refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2005.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals 15 years of age and over who reported income for 2005. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the unrounded number of individuals (e.g., males 45 to 54 years of age) with income in that group.

Standard error of average income - Refers to the estimated standard error of average income for an income size distribution. If interpreted as shown below, it serves as a rough indicator of the precision of the corresponding estimate of average income. For about 68% of the samples which could be selected from the sample frame, the difference between the sample estimate of average income and the corresponding figure based on complete enumeration would be less than one standard error. For about 95% of the possible samples, the difference would be less than two standard errors and, in about 99% of the samples, the difference would be less than approximately two and one half standard errors.

Average and median incomes and standard errors of average income of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative). For all other universes (families [census/economic]), persons 15 years of age and over not in families or private households), these statistics will be calculated over all units, whether or not they reported any income.

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 63

Including loss.

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Footnote 64

For persons with income.

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Footnote 65

For persons with income.

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Footnote 66

For persons with income.

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Footnote 67

Income status before tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over not in an economic family in relation to Statistics Canada's low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs).

Income status after tax - Refers to the position of an economic family or a person 15 years of age and over in relation to Statistics Canada's low income after-tax cut-offs (LICO-AT).

Measures of low income known as 'low income (before tax) cut-offs (LICOs)' were first introduced in Canada in 1968 based on 1961 Census income data and 1959 family expenditure patterns. At that time, expenditure patterns indicated that Canadian families spent about 50% of their total income on food, shelter and clothing. It was arbitrarily estimated that families spending 70% or more of their income (20 percentage points more than the average) on these basic necessities would be in 'straitened' circumstances. With this assumption, low income cut-off points were set for five different sizes of families.

Subsequent to these initial cut-offs, revised low income before tax cut-offs were established based on national family expenditure data from 1969, 1978, 1986 and 1992. The initial LICOs were based upon the total income, before tax, of families and persons 15 years and over not in economic families.

After a comprehensive review of low income cut-offs completed in 1991, low income cut-offs based upon after-tax income were published for the first time in Income After Tax, Distributions by Size in Canada, 1990 (Catalogue no. 13-210). Income after tax cut-offs are estimated independently for economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families based upon family expenditure and income after tax. Consequently, the low income after-tax cut-offs are set at after-tax income levels, differentiated by size of family and area of residence, where families spend 20 percentage points more of their after-tax income than the average family on food, shelter and clothing.

For the purposes of low income statistics (before or after tax), economic families and persons 15 years of age and over not in economic families in the Yukon Territory, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut and on Indian reserves were excluded. The low income cut-offs are based on certain expenditure-income patterns which are not available from survey data for the entire population.

The incidence of low income is not calculated for economic families and persons not in economic families living in the Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and on Indian reserves. In addition, low income data are available for two census subdivisions (CSDs) in Saskatchewan (Denare Beach, Sandy Bay) which Indian and Northern Affairs Canada considers as First Nation communities but which are not Indian reserves. The data for these communities have been included in the incidence of low income calculations for the Saskatchewan and Canada level data. However, they are not shown as part of the 'On reserve' column in the tables for Saskatchewan and Canada.

Prevalence of low income (before or after tax) can also be derived for census families, persons not in census families and the population in private households. See Low Income Statistics for Census Families and Households, Staff Report no. 1991-1, Labour and Household Surveys Analysis Division, Statistics Canada.

Prevalence of low income rates are calculated from rounded counts of low income persons or families and the total number of persons or families. These counts have been rounded independently of the rounded counts shown in the table; thus, there may be a small difference between the rate shown and the one derived from the counts shown. Users are advised to interpret prevalence of low income rates based upon small counts with caution.

Since its initial publication, Statistics Canada has clearly and consistently emphasized that the LICOs are not measures of poverty. Rather, LICOs reflect a consistent and well-defined methodology that identifies those who are substantially worse-off than average. These measures have enabled Statistics Canada to report important trends, such as the changing composition of those below the LICOs over time.

Low income before tax cut-offs (LICOs) - Income levels at which families or persons not in economic families spend 20% more than average of their before tax income on food, shelter and clothing. For additional information and a table of low income cut-offs, please refer to the 2006 Census Dictionary, Catalogue no. 92-566-XWE.

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Footnote 68

Economic family
Part A - Plain language definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a group of two or more persons who live in the same dwelling and are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law or adoption. A couple may be of opposite or same sex. For 2006, foster children are included.

Persons not in economic families - Household members who do not belong to an economic family. Persons living alone are included in this category.

Return to footnote 68 referrer

Source: Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 97-564-XCB2006003.

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Footnote c

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Footnote d

XML (SDMX - ML) - Is a statistical data and metadata exchange standard for the electronic exchange of statistical information. Two extensible mark-up language (XML) files are provided in a compressed bundle.

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